Kuyini ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali? Ake sifunde imininingwane ngaphandle kokwesaba!

Cishe uke wezwa igama elithi 'chemo' noma 'chemotherapy', akunjalo? Mhlawumbe uke wezwa umngane noma isihlobo sikhuluma ngakho lapho belashwa umdlavuza. Kuvamile ukuzizwa wesaba noma ukhathazekile uma uzwa leli gama. Kodwa namuhla, ake sixoxe ngokuthi iyini i-chemotherapy, kwenzekani ngayo, nokuthi yini okufanele uyesabe noma ungayithandi, ngendlela elula ongayiqonda. Khona-ke uzokwazi ukuyiqonda kangcono.

Iyini ngempela i-chemotherapy?

Kalula nje, i-chemotherapy uhlobo olukhethekile lomuthi olusetshenziselwa ukubhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Ibizwa nangokuthi 'i-chemo' ngamafuphi. Lezi yimithi enamandla kakhulu. Uma sikhuluma iqiniso, elithi 'chemo' lisho amakhemikhali, kanti elithi 'therapy' lisho ukwelashwa. Ngakho-ke, lokhu ukwelashwa okusebenzisa amakhemikhali.

Kunezikhathi lapho le mithi isetshenziswa yodwa. Kodwa ngokuvamile, odokotela basebenzisa inhlanganisela yezinhlobo eziningana zemithi ye-chemotherapy. Lokhu kwenzelwa ukuhlasela amangqamuzana omdlavuza avela ezindleleni ezahlukene nokuwabhubhisa ngokuphelele. Kufana nokuhlasela isitha esivela ezindleleni eziningana kunokuba sisuke kwenye. Inhlanganisela yemithi enikezwayo incike ezicini ezifana nohlobo lomdlavuza nokuthi ususakazeke kangakanani.

Ake sibheke ukuthi umdlavuza ukhula kanjani?

Ukuze siqonde lokhu, sidinga ukwazi okuncane ngamaseli emizimbeni yethu. Imizimba yethu yakhiwe yizigidigidi zamaseli amancane. Lawa maseli ahlukana futhi aphindaphindeke ngendlela evamile, futhi amaseli amadala ayafa.

Cabanga ukuthi unengadi ekhaya. Kuleyo ngadi, kanye nezimbali ezinhle, kukhona nokhula olungalimaza. Yilokho okwenzeka ngaphakathi emizimbeni yethu. Umdlavuza yilapho amanye amangqamuzana emizimbeni yethu eqala ukuhlukana ngokungalawuleki nangokushesha kakhulu. Lawa maseli ahlukana ngokungavamile akha amathumba. Akuwona wonke amathumba angumdlavuza, kodwa amangqamuzana omdlavuza angahlasela ezinye izicubu ezinempilo futhi asakazeke esuka kwenye ingxenye yomzimba aye kwenye (i-metastasis).

Isebenza kanjani i-chemotherapy?

Manje ungase uzibuze, 'Le mithi ye-chemo iwabona kanjani futhi iwabulale kanjani amangqamuzana omdlavuza kuphela?' Imithi ye-chemo ihlose kakhulu amangqamuzana ahlukana ngokushesha kakhulu. Amangqamuzana omdlavuza awuhlobo lweseli elihlukana ngokushesha kakhulu. Ngakho-ke imithi ye-chemo ithola lawa mangqamuzana omdlavuza ahlukana ngokushesha futhi iwabhubhise, noma iwavimbe ekuhlukaneni okuqhubekayo.

Kodwa kukhona okunye lapha. Emizimbeni yethu, kukhona amangqamuzana omdlavuza kanye namangqamuzana anempilo ahlukana ngokushesha. Isibonelo:

• Amaseli asezimpandeni zezinwele zethu (ama-follicle ezinwele)
• Amaseli azungeze ingaphakathi lomlomo namathumbu
• Amaseli egazi akheka emnkantsheni wethambo

Imithi yokwelapha ngamakhemikhali ingalimaza namaseli anempilo, ahlukana ngokushesha, njengoba exubana namaseli omdlavuza. Yingakho i-chemotherapy ibangela imiphumela emibi. Sizoxoxa ngalokho kamuva.

Kumaphi amacala lapho kusetshenziswa khona i-chemotherapy?

Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kusetshenziselwa izinjongo ezahlukene.

• Ukwelapha: Ezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza zingelapheka ngokuphelele ngokusebenzisa i-chemotherapy kuphela noma zihlanganiswe nezinye izindlela zokwelapha (njengokuhlinzwa kanye nokwelashwa ngemisebe).
• Lawula umdlavuza: Ezimweni lapho umdlavuza ungelapheki ngokuphelele, ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kungasiza ekuwuvimbeleni ukuthi usabalale kakhulu, noma kunciphise ubukhulu besimila futhi kugcine lesi sifo silawulwa. Lokhu kuvumela isiguli ukuba siphile isikhathi eside.
• Ukunakekelwa Kwe-Palliative: Uma umdlavuza ususakazeke futhi kunzima ukuwulapha, i-chemotherapy isetshenziselwa ukunciphisa izimpawu ezifana nobuhlungu nobunzima bokuphefumula, nokwenza impilo yansuku zonke ibe lula kancane. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukunakekelwa kwe-palliative .
• Ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa (Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy): Ngezinye izikhathi i-chemotherapy inikezwa ngaphambi kokuba isimila somdlavuza sisuswe ngokuhlinzwa ukuze sinciphe. Lokhu kwenza ukuhlinzwa kube lula futhi kuphumelele kakhudlwana. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-neoadjuvant chemotherapy .
• Ngemva kokuhlinzwa (i-Adjuvant Chemotherapy): Ngemva kokuba isimila somdlavuza sesisusiwe ngokuhlinzwa, i-chemotherapy nayo inikezwa ukuze kubhujiswe noma yimaphi amangqamuzana amancane omdlavuza angase asale emzimbeni, esingawaboni. Lokhu kwenzelwa ukunciphisa ingozi yokuthi umdlavuza uphinde ubuye. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-adjuvant chemotherapy .

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi udokotela wakho ahlole isimo sakho futhi anqume uhlelo lokwelashwa olungcono kakhulu kuwe.

Ingabe kunezinhlobo eziningi zemithi yokwelapha ngamakhemikhali? Kungani kusetshenziswa uhlobo ngalunye?

Yebo, kunezinhlobo eziningi zemithi yokwelapha ngamakhemikhali. Umuthi ngamunye usebenza ngendlela ehlukile. Eminye imithi ivimba amangqamuzana omdlavuza ukuthi angahlukani, kanti eminye ilimaza i-DNA yamangqamuzana omdlavuza futhi iwabulale.

Odokotela bakhetha uhlobo (noma inhlanganisela) lwemithi ye-chemotherapy ukuze bakunike ngokusekelwe ezicini eziningana:

• Uhlobo lomdlavuza onalo: Umuthi onikezwa umdlavuza webele awufani nomuthi onikezwa umdlavuza wamaphaphu.
• Isigaba somdlavuza: Lokhu kubhekisela ekutheni umdlavuza ususakazeke kangakanani nokuthi mkhulu kangakanani.
• Impilo yakho iyonke: Izinto ezifana neminyaka yakho nokuthi unazo yini ezinye izimo zezokwelapha.
• Ukuthi wake wathola ukwelashwa komdlavuza ngaphambilini.

Ngokuvamile, i-combination chemotherapy ingcono kune-single-drug chemotherapy. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi umuthi ngamunye uhlasela amangqamuzana omdlavuza ngezindlela ezahlukene, okwenza kube lula ukuthi amangqamuzana omdlavuza aphunyuke ekuhlaselweni. Futhi, amangqamuzana omdlavuza angaba namandla okumelana neminye imithi. Ukunikeza imithi eminingi ndawonye kunganciphisa leyo ngozi.

I-chemotherapy inikezwa kanjani emzimbeni?

Kunezindlela eziningana zokunikeza i-chemotherapy, kuye ngohlobo lomdlavuza, indawo okuyo, kanye nohlobo lomuthi osetshenzisiwe.

• I-Intravenous (IV): Lena yindlela evame kakhulu. Njengokunikeza usawoti, ithubhu elincane (i-cannula) lifakwa emthanjeni ongalweni noma kwenye indawo, bese umuthi ufakwa kancane kancane emzimbeni ngawo. Ngezinye izikhathi, ukuze kutholakale ukwelashwa kwesikhathi eside, kufakwa ithuluzi elincane (i-port) ngaphansi kwesikhumba sesifuba bese umuthi unikezwa ngalo.
• Ukuphuza: Eminye imithi ye-chemotherapy ingathathwa ekhaya ngesimo samaphilisi. Kodwa-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuyithatha ngesikhathi esifanele nangesilinganiso esifanele njengoba kuqondiswe udokotela wakho.
• Njengomjovo: Eminye imithi inikezwa njengomjovo, kungaba ngaphansi kwesikhumba noma nge-intramuscularly.
• I-Intrathecal: Ukuze kwelashwe umdlavuza osakazekele ebuchosheni noma emgogodleni , imithi ngezinye izikhathi ifakwa emgudwini womgogodla.
• Emigodini yomzimba (Intracavitary): Isibonelo, imithi ingafakwa ngqo emgodini wesisu (Intraperitoneal) noma emgodini we-pleural omboza amaphaphu (Intrapleural).
• Ukhilimu noma iloshini yokugeza: Kwezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza wesikhumba, kufakwa ukhilimu oqukethe imithi ye-chemotherapy esikhumbeni. Lokhu kuyinto engavamile.

Kungani kuvela imiphumela emibi ye-chemo? Iyini?

Lokhu kungenye yezinto ezesabisa abantu abaningi uma bekhuluma nge-chemotherapy. Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, imithi ye-chemotherapy ihlose amaseli ahlukanisa ngokushesha. Ngakho-ke, kanye namaseli omdlavuza, le mithi ithinta amaseli anempilo, ahlukanisa ngokushesha emzimbeni wethu. Yingakho kuvela imiphumela emibi.

Kodwa khumbula lokhu:

• Akuwona wonke umuntu othola yonke imiphumela emibi.
• Ubukhulu bemiphumela emibi buyahlukahluka kuye ngomuntu nomuntu.
• Imiphumela eminingi emibi ingeyesikhashana futhi iyanyamalala uma ukwelashwa sekuqediwe.
• Manje kunemithi eminingi emihle yokulawula imiphumela emibi.

Nazi ezinye zemiphumela emibi evamile:

• Ukulahlekelwa izinwele: Lokhu kuwumphumela omubi abantu abaningi abawujwayele. Kodwa-ke, akuzona zonke izidakamizwa ze-chemo ezibangela ukulahleka kwezinwele. Ngisho noma ulahlekelwa izinwele, zizokhula kahle uma ukwelashwa sekuphelile.
• Isicanucanu Nokuhlanza: Lokhu nakho kuvamile. Kodwa manje kunemithi emihle kakhulu yokulawula lokhu. Udokotela uzokunika yona kusenesikhathi.
• Izilonda zomlomo: Izilonda ezincane zingase zivele emlonyeni nasemphinjeni.
• Ukulahlekelwa yisifiso sokudla kanye nokushintsha kokunambitha.
• Uhudo noma ukuqunjelwa.
• Ukukhathala: Lokhu kuyinto abantu abaningi ababhekana nayo. Kubalulekile ukuthola ukuphumula okwanele.
• Ukuncipha kwamaseli egazi:
• Amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi aphansi (i-Neutropenia): Lokhu kwandisa ingozi yokuthola izifo. Uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane kanye nokubanda, kufanele utshele udokotela wakho ngokushesha.
• Inani eliphansi lamaseli abomvu egazi (i-Anemia): Lokhu kungabangela ukukhathala, ubuthakathaka, kanye nesikhumba esikhanyayo.
• I-Thrombocytopenia: Lokhu kungabangela ukopha kanye nokulunywa.
• Izinguquko zesikhumba: Isikhumba singase some, silume, futhi sizwele elangeni.
• Izinguquko ezinzipikilini: Izipikili zingase zishintshe umbala futhi ziqhekeke.

Lokhu kungase kuzwakale kukwethusa kancane. Kodwa-ke, ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizokufundisa ngayo yonke le miphumela emibi futhi likusize ukuyilawula. Ungesabi ukubatshela nganoma yikuphi ukungakhululeki okuzwayo.

Yini okufanele uyazi ngaphambi nangesikhathi sokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali?

Kunezinto eziningana okudingeka uzazi ngaphambi, ngesikhathi, nangemva kokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali.

• Khuluma nodokotela wakho: Buza udokotela wakho nganoma yimiphi imibuzo noma ukukhathazeka onakho. Chaza konke, okuhlanganisa uhlelo lokwelashwa, imiphumela engemihle engaba khona, nokuthi yini okufanele uyenze ngayo.
• Thola izivivinyo ezidingekayo: Ngaphambi kokuqala i-chemo, udokotela wakho uzokucela ukuthi wenze izivivinyo ezithile, njengokuhlolwa kwegazi kanye ne-X-ray. Lokhu kuzohlola ukuthi umzimba wakho usabela kahle kangakanani ekwelashweni.
• Yakha uhlelo lokusekela: Ukusekelwa nothando lomndeni, abangani, kanye nabathandekayo kubaluleke kakhulu kulesi sikhathi. Kuyimandla amakhulu ukuba nomuntu ozokusiza.
• Lungiselela usuku lokwelashwa kwakho: Uma uthola imithi ye-IV, kungathatha amahora amaningana. Letha okuthile ozokufunda noma ukukulalela phakathi naleso sikhathi. Gqoka izingubo ezikhululekile.
• Landela imiyalelo yezokwelapha ngqo: Landela imiyalelo enikeziwe mayelana nesikhathi somuthi kanye nokudla okufanele ukudle.
• Qaphela imiphumela emibi: Uma ubona noma yiziphi izimpawu ezintsha noma into engavamile, tshela udokotela wakho noma umhlengikazi ngokushesha.
• Phumula ngokwanele, udle ukudla okunomsoco, futhi uhlale uhlanzekile: lezi zinto zizonika umzimba wakho amandla okubhekana nokwelashwa.

Kwenzekani ngemva kokuphela kwe-chemo?

Uma yonke imijikelezo ye-chemotherapy isiphelile, kuzothatha isikhathi ukuthi umzimba wakho ululame. Imiphumela emibi izoncipha kancane kancane. Uma izinwele zakho sezilahlekile kakade, zizoqala ukukhula kahle.

Kodwa, odokotela abakukhohlwa ngoba nje ukwelashwa sekuphelile.

• Ama-aphoyintimenti okulandelela: Kuzodingeka uqhubeke nokubona udokotela wakho futhi wenze izivivinyo. Lokhu kuzohlola ukuthi umdlavuza ubuyile yini noma ukuthi kukhona yini imiphumela yesikhathi eside yokwelashwa.
• Ukululama:Lesi sikhathi sibalulekile ekululameni ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo. Ungafuna nokwelulekwa uma kudingeka.

Ngakho-ke, yiziphi izinto okudingeka sizikhumbule nge-chemotherapy?

Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kuyindlela yokwelapha ebaluleke kakhulu futhi enamandla yomdlavuza. Ukwazi lokhu kuzokusiza ukuthi ubhekane nesimo uma wena noma othile omaziyo kufanele abhekane nalolu hlobo lokwelashwa.

• Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali uhlobo olukhethekile lomuthi olubhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza.
• Isebenza ngokugxila kumaseli ahlukana ngokushesha, ngakho-ke ingathinta amaseli omdlavuza kanye namanye amaseli anempilo.
• Imiphumela emibi ingase ivele, kodwa ivame ukuba yesikhashana futhi ingalawuleka. Ungakhathazeki.
• Odokotela bakhetha uhlelo lokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali olufanela kahle isiguli ngasinye.
• Ungesabi ukubuza ithimba lezokwelapha noma yimiphi imibuzo noma ukukhathazeka ongase ube nakho. Balapha ukuzokusiza.
• Ukusekelwa umndeni nabangani kubaluleke kakhulu kulolu hambo. Awuwedwa.

Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kungaba yinto enzima, kodwa ngolwazi olufanele, ukwesekwa kwezokwelapha, kanye namandla abathandekayo, le nselele inganqotshwa.

i - chemotherapy, i-chemotherapy, ukwelashwa komdlavuza, imiphumela emibi, isihloko sezokwelapha saseSinhala