Ingabe wena noma othile omaziyo wake watshelwa udokotela ukuthi "avule isisu" ngenxa yenkinga yesisu? Noma wake wezwa ukuthi kudingeka ukuhlinzwa okukhulu ukuze kutholakale inkinga ngaphakathi esiswini ngemuva kwengozi, noma kumiswe ukopha? Kwezokwelapha, lokhu kuhlinzwa, okwenziwa ezimweni ezinjalo, ukuvula umgodi wesisu nokuhlola izitho zomzimba, kubizwa ngokuthi "i-laparotomy." Lokhu kuyindlela yokuhlinzwa enkulu, ngakho abantu abaningi bangayesaba. Ngakho-ke, ake sixoxe ngakho kalula nangokucacile namuhla.
Kuyini ngempela i-laparotomy?
Kalula nje, i-laparotomy inqubo yokuhlinzwa lapho udokotela ohlinzayo evula khona isisu sakho (isikhala esingenalutho ngaphakathi kwesisu sakho) ukuze ahlole noma elaphe izitho ezingaphakathi.
Lokhu kungenziwa ngezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko:
1. Ukuxilongwa (i-Exploratory Laparotomy): Ngezinye izikhathi, noma ngabe kunenkinga efana nobuhlungu besisu noma ukuphuma kwegazi ngaphakathi, imbangela ayikwazi ukutholakala ngisho nangokuskena. Ezimweni ezinjalo, udokotela ohlinzayo wenza lo msebenzi ukuze abone futhi aqonde ukuthi kwenzekani ngaphakathi esiswini. Ngaleso sikhathi, uma kudingeka, kungathathwa ingcezu yezicubu bese ithunyelwa ukuze iyohlolwa (`i-Biopsy`).
2. I-Laparotomy Yokwelapha: Ngezinye izikhathi ukuhlinzwa kwenziwa kuphela ngemva kokuba inkinga isiyaziwa. Isibonelo, lokhu kuhlinzwa kwenziwa ukuze kususwe isimila esinomdlavuza, kulungiswe amathumbu alimele, noma kususwe i-appendix evuvukele.
Ngezinye izikhathi, ukuhlinzwa okuqala ngokuxilongwa kungaqedwa ngokuthola inkinga bese kwelashwa ngokushesha.
Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-Laparotomy ne-Laparoscopy?
Nakuba kokubili kungukuhlinzwa kwesisu, kunomehluko omkhulu phakathi kwalokhu okubili. Abantu abaningi bayawadida la magama amabili. Ake sibone ukuthi umehluko uyini.
| Isici | I-Laparotomy - ukuhlinzwa okuvulekile | I-Laparoscopy - ukuhlinzwa kwe-keyhole |
|---|---|---|
| Indlela yokuhlinzwa | Umgodi wesisu uvulwa ngokuphelele kusetshenziswa ukusikwa okude esiswini. | Ukuhlinzwa kwenziwa ngezimbobo eziningana ezincane kakhulu ("izimbobo zokhiye") esiswini, kufakwe ikhamera ngeyodwa bese kufakwa amathuluzi ngezinye. |
| Isilonda esibuhlungu | Kushiya isilonda eside, esibonakala kahle. | Kusele izibazi ezimbalwa ezincane kakhulu, ezingabonakali kahle. |
| Isikhathi sokuphulukiswa | Kuthatha isikhathi eside ukululama. Kufanele uhlale esibhedlela izinsuku eziningana. | Ululame ngokushesha. Cishe ungaya ekhaya maduze. |
| Amacala okusetshenziswa | Ilungele izimo eziyinkimbinkimbi njengezimo eziphuthumayo, izingozi ezinkulu, kanye nokususwa kwezimila ezinkulu ezinomdlavuza. | Ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ukuhlinzwa okungeyona into ephuthumayo, okuhleliwe (isb., ukususwa kwenyongo). |
Kukuziphi izimo lapho kudingeka khona i-laparotomy?
Kungase kube nezizathu ezithile zokuthi kungani udokotela ohlinzayo engakhetha i-laparotomy kune-laparoscopy. Le ndlela iwusizo kakhulu, ikakhulukazi esimweni esiphuthumayo lapho kudingeka khona ukungenelela okusheshayo.
Ezinye izimo lapho kungadingeka khona i-laparotomy:
- Ukuhlola umonakalo ezithweni zangaphakathi ngemva kokulimala okukhulu kwesisu.
- I-Peritonitis (ukutheleleka kwesisu).
- Ukubhoboka kwesisu noma kwamathumbu noma ukopha okungalawuleki.
- Ukususa ithumba elalivuvukele kakhulu futhi selizoqhuma.
- Ukususa udengezi uma luqhuma engozini.
- Ukususa ama-cyst amakhulu noma ama-endometriomas .
- Ukuhlola nokwelapha isimo kanye nokusabalala kwe -endometriosis .
- Ukuhlinzwa okukhulu okufana nenqubo ye -Whipple yomdlavuza we-pancreatic.
- Umdlavuza we-ovarian noma i-Hodgkin lymphomaUkuthola ukuthi umdlavuza, njenge-Hodgkin lymphoma, ususakazeke kangakanani emzimbeni (ukuhlolwa komdlavuza).
- Ukuhlinzwa okuhleliwe noma okuphuthumayo (`ukuhlinzwa kwe-C`).
Kwenzekani ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa?
Njengoba lokhu kuwukuhlinzwa okukhulu, kunezinto eziningana okudingeka uzilungiselele kusengaphambili.
1. Imvume Enolwazi
Udokotela wakho ohlinzayo uzochaza kahle ukuhlinzwa, izingozi nezinzuzo zako, kanye nezinye izindlela zokwelapha. Bazokuqonda konke lokhu futhi bathole imvume yakho ebhaliwe. Uma kwenzeka isimo esiphuthumayo, izinqumo zizokwenziwa ngokubonisana nesihlobo esiseduze uma isiguli siqulekile.
2. Ukuhlolwa Komzimba
Udokotela uzobuza ngempilo yakho, imithi oyithathayo, kanye nanoma yikuphi ukuhlinzwa oke wakwenza ngaphambilini. Uzokwenza nokuhlolwa okuyisisekelo, njengokuhlolwa kwegazi kanye ne-X-ray, ukuze abone ukuthi ukulungele yini ukwenza i-anesthesia ejwayelekile.
3. Ukulungiselela Amathumbu
Kuye ngohlobo lokuhlinzwa, kungadingeka ukuthi ukhiphe konke okusesiswini sakho ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa. Unganikwa ifomula yokuhlanza isisu noma i-enema. Ungacelwa futhi ukuthi uzile ukudla noma uphuze uketshezi kuphela ngosuku olwandulela ukuhlinzwa.
4. Ukubulala amagciwane
Ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa, ungase ucelwe ukuba ugeze ngensipho yokubulala amagciwane. Noma, abasebenzi basesibhedlela bazohlanza indawo yakho yesisu. Bangase futhi bagunde noma yiluphi uboya endaweni.
Kwenzekani ngemva kokuhlinzwa?
Ngemva kokuhlinzwa, uzoyiswa ekamelweni lokuhlinzwa ngemva kokuhlinzwa, lapho ukushaya kwenhliziyo yakho kanye nomfutho wegazi kuzoqashwa khona kuze kube yilapho ubuyela engqondweni. Ngemuva kwalokho uzodluliselwa ewadini futhi kuzodingeka uhlale esibhedlela izinsuku ezimbalwa.
- Izibulali-zinhlungu: Izibulali-zinhlungu zinikezwa ukulawula ubuhlungu besilonda.
- Amapayipi: Imigqa ye-IV kanye nama-catheter omchamo abekwe ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa angahlala endaweni izinsuku eziningana, kuye ngesidingo.
- Ukuhamba: Ngisho noma kukhona ubuhlungu, ukhuthazwa ukuba uvuke uhambe kancane ngosizo lwabasebenzi. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ukuvimbela amahlule egazi kanye nokutheleleka kwamaphaphu.
- Ukuzivocavoca kokuphefumula: Kufundiswa ukuzivocavoca kokuphefumula okujulile.
- Ukudla: Okokuqala, kunikezwa uketshezi, bese kungeniswa ukudla okuvamile kancane kancane. Ngezinye izikhathi kuthatha izinsuku ezimbalwa ukuthi amathumbu abuyele esimweni sawo esijwayelekile. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi 'i-Paralytic ileus' .
Ziyini izingozi zalokhu kuhlinzwa?
Njenganoma yikuphi ukuhlinzwa okukhulu, i-laparotomy inezingozi ezithile.
- Ukulimala okungahlosiwe kwezinye izitho eziseduze.
- Ukopha ngokweqile okuvela emithanjeni yegazi elimele.
- Ukutheleleka kwenxeba kanye nokuphulukiswa okuphuzile.
- Ukuba ndikindiki okungapheli kwezinye izindawo ezizungeze imbobo ngenxa yokulimala kwemizwa.
- I-Hernia (i-hernia) yenzeka ngokuphathelene nokusikwa.
- Izicubu zezibazi (ukunamathela kwesisu) kwakheka esiswini, okuholela ekuvinjweni kwamathumbu esikhathini esizayo.
Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuphulukiswa?
Lokhu kuncike empilweni yakho iyonke kanye nobunzima bokuhlinzwa.
- Ukuphola kwenxeba: Ngokuvamile kuthatha cishe amasonto ayisithupha ukuthi inxeba liphilise ngokuphelele.
- Isibazi: Kusala isibazi eside phezu kwesisu. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kuzonyamalala kancane kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi (phakathi kweminyaka emi-3-6).
- Ukubuyela emsebenzini: Kuye ngohlobo lomsebenzi wakho, ungase ukwazi ukubuyela emsebenzini ngemva kokuba ukulimala sekupholile. Kodwa-ke, kungcono ukungenzi lutho olusindayo, njengokuphakamisa izinsimbi, izinyanga ezimbalwa.
- Ukuzivocavoca: Kungathatha iminyaka emibili ukuthi amandla emisipha yesisu sakho abuyele esimweni esijwayelekile. Ngakho-ke, ukuzivocavoca kufanele kuqalwe kancane kakhulu futhi kuqalwe ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukadokotela .
Ngemva kokubuyela ekhaya, uma unezinye zezimpawu ezilandelayo, kufanele ushayele udokotela wakho ucingo ngokushesha .
| Izimo lapho kufanele ufune iseluleko sezokwelapha esiphuthumayo |
|---|
| • Uma uketshezi olufana negazi noma ubomvu luphuma enxebeni. |
| • Uma ubuhlungu bungehli kodwa bukhula usuku nosuku. |
| • Uma unomkhuhlane. |
| • Uma ungakwazi ukuphuma indle noma ukuphuma umoya. |
| • Uma umlenze owodwa uvuvukele futhi ubuhlungu (lokhu kungaba uphawu lokuqhekeka kwegazi). |
| • Uma uzwa ubuhlungu esifubeni noma ukukhwehlela okukhulu. |
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Laparotomy inqubo enkulu yokuhlinzwa ehilela ukuvula umgodi wesisu. Isetshenziselwa kokubili izinjongo zokuxilonga kanye nezokwelapha.
- Lokhu kuhlukile "kokuhlinzwa kwe-keyhole" (i-Laparoscopy). I-Laparotomy iyadingeka ezimweni eziphuthumayo nezinkinga eziyinkimbinkimbi.
- Kuthatha isikhathi ukuphola. Kuthatha okungenani amasonto ayisithupha ukuthi inxeba liphole. Kufanele ugweme ukuphakamisa izinto ezisindayo kanye nokuzivocavoca okunzima izinyanga ezimbalwa.
- Uma uba nezimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane, ubuhlungu obukhulu, noma ukuphuma kwamanzi esilondeni ngemva kokuya ekhaya, bona udokotela wakho ngokushesha. Ungesabi, futhi uma unemibuzo, buza udokotela wakho.
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