Ngezinye izikhathi izwi lethu liyahoshozela kancane, noma lizwakale linzima, akunjalo? Kufana nomkhuhlane ovamile futhi kuba ngcono ezinsukwini ezimbili noma ezintathu. Kodwa ingabe lolu shintsho ezwini lakho aluzange lunciphe ngisho nangemva kwamasonto amabili noma amathathu? Uma unenkinga yomphimbo futhi kunzima ukugwinya, akuwona umqondo omuhle ukumane ungalinaki. Namuhla sikhuluma ngento engaqala ngalezi zimpawu futhi okufanele uyiqaphele kancane - okungumdlavuza we-laryngeal, noma ngokwezokwelapha, isimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-Laryngeal Cancer .
Kalula nje, uyini umdlavuza we-laryngeal?
I-larynx iyisitho esincane kodwa esibaluleke kakhulu emphinjeni wethu. Itholakala ngaphambili kwentamo yethu, ngaphezu komphimbo. Yingxenye ye-larynx esivikela ekugwinyeni ukudla, ekukhulumeni, kanye nomphimbo. Iphinde ibe nezintambo zezwi ezakha izwi lethu.
Ngakho-ke uyini umdlavuza? Kulapho amangqamuzana emzimbeni wethu ehlukana futhi anda ngokungalawuleki, akha isimila. Uma lokhu kwenzeka elangeni, sikubiza ngokuthi umdlavuza welangeni. Lawa maseli anobungozi ahlasela kancane kancane futhi alimaze izicubu ezizungezile ezinempilo.
I-larynx ihlukaniswe izingxenye ezintathu eziyinhloko. Umdlavuza ungaqala kunoma iyiphi yalezi zingxenye:
- I-Supraglottis: Ingxenye engenhla ye-larynx. Cishe ama-35% omdlavuza aqala lapha.
- UGlottis: Ingxenye ephakathi. Izintambo zethu zezwi zilapha. Iningi, cishe ama-60%, omdlavuza liqala lapha.
- I-Subglottis: Ingxenye ephansi kakhulu ye-larynx. Cishe u-5% womdlavuza uqala lapha.
Ziyini izimpawu zomdlavuza we-laryngeal? Qaphela lezi!
Izimpawu zokuqala zalo mdlavuza zingaphambaniswa kalula nokutheleleka okuvamile komphimbo noma umkhuhlane, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuqaphela lokhu.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uma unezwi elibuhlungu noma ushintsho ezwini lakho isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto amabili , kufanele nakanjani ubone udokotela, ngaphandle kokucabanga ukuthi kuyinto evamile.
Ake sihlukanise ngokucacile lezi zimpawu kuthebula elingezansi.
| Uhlobo lwesibonakaliso | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Izimpawu ezingase zivele kuqala | |
| Ushintsho ngezwi | Ukuhogela, umuzwa wokusinda, kanye nobunzima bokukhuluma, ikakhulukazi uma kuqhubeka isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto amabili . |
| Umphimbo obuhlungu noma ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo | Umphimbo obuhlungu noma ukukhwehlela okungapheli okungaphenduli emithini ejwayelekile. |
| Ubunzima bokugwinya (i-Dysphagia) | Ubuhlungu noma umuzwa wokuminyana lapho ugwinya ukudla noma isiphuzo. |
| Iqhubu entanyeni noma emphinjeni | Ukuzwa iqhubu noma ukuvuvukala entanyeni okungabanjwa esandleni. |
| Ubuhlungu bendlebe | Ubuhlungu obusuka emphinjeni buye endlebeni. |
| Izimpawu ezinkulu ezidinga usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha | |
| Ubunzima bokuphefumula (i-Dyspnea) | Ubunzima bokuphefumula, uzizwa sengathi uyacinana. |
| Umsindo wokushaya ikhwela lapho uphefumula (Stridor) | Ukuzwa umsindo ophakeme lapho uphefumula. |
| Ukuzwa kokuthile okubambeke emphinjeni (i-Globus sensation) | Ukuzwa njalo kokuthile okubambeke emphinjeni. |
| Ukukhwehlela igazi (i-Hemoptysis) | I-phlegm enegazi kanye nokukhwehlela. |
Uma unezinye zalezi zimpawu ezinkulu, bona udokotela ngokushesha ngaphandle kokulibala . Uma kudingeka, ungaya nase-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) yesibhedlela.
Kungani lo mdlavuza uvela? Ubani osengozini enkulu?
Kunezimbangela ezimbili eziyinhloko ezibangela ukuthuthukiswa kwalo mdlavuza. Ukubhema nokuphuza utshwala ngokweqile . Ingozi yomuntu okwenzayo kokubili lokhu ndawonye iphakeme kakhulu kunomuntu owenza okukodwa kuphela. Ngakho-ke, umuntu onale mikhuba emibili unethuba elikhulu kakhulu lokuthola umdlavuza we-laryngeal.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezinye izici eziningana eziyingozi:
- Ukutheleleka nge-HPV: Ezinye izinhlobo ze-HPV (Human Papillomavirus), ukutheleleka okuthelelwana ngocansi, nazo zingabangela umdlavuza womphimbo.
- Ubudala: Abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engu-55 basengozini enkulu.
- Ubulili: Amadoda anamathuba aphindwe kahlanu okuthola lo mdlavuza kunabesifazane. Lokhu kungase kube ngenxa yokwanda kokusetshenziswa kokubhema notshwala phakathi kwamadoda.
- Umlando womdlavuza wangaphambilini: Umuntu oke waba nomdlavuza wekhanda noma wentamo usengozini engaba ngu-25% yokuba nomdlavuza futhi kule ndawo.
- Umsebenzi: Abantu abachayeka ezintweni ezifana nentuthu ye-sulfuric acid, uthuli lwezinkuni, i-nickel, ne-asbestos emsebenzini basengozini enkulu.
Udokotela uwuthola kanjani umdlavuza ngokunembile?
Uma ubona udokotela onezimpawu ozishilo ngenhla, uzoqala ngokukubuza umbuzo onemininingwane mayelana nezimpawu zakho bese ehlola umphimbo wakho nentamo. Ngemuva kwalokho, bangase bakucele ukuthi bahlole izivivinyo eziningana ukuqinisekisa ukuthi unesifo.
- Ama-Impression Scan: Njengokuthatha isithombe esicacile sengaphakathi lemizimba yethu, i-CT scan noma i-MRI scan ingakhombisa usayizi oqondile nendawo yomdlavuza. I-X-ray yesifuba nayo ingenziwa ukuze kubonakale ukuthi umdlavuza ususakazekele emaphashini.
- I-Laryngoscopy: Kule nqubo, udokotela ufaka ithubhu elincane neliguquguqukayo (i-endoscope) elinekhamera exhunywe ngekhala noma emlonyeni wakho bese ehlola ngokucophelela i-larynx yakho nendawo ezungezile.
- I-PET Scan: Lolu uhlobo olukhethekile lwe-scan. Lokhu kuskena kwenziwa ngokufaka into ephephile enemisebe emthanjeni eyenza izindawo zomzimba ezinamaseli omdlavuza 'zikhanye'.
- I-Biopsy: Lolu vivinyo olubaluleke kakhulu nolucacile lokuxilongwa.Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwe-laryngoscopy, kuthathwa ingxenye encane kakhulu yezicubu endaweni esolisayo bese ihlolwa ngaphansi kwe-microscope. Lokhu kungabonisa ngokunemba okungu-100% ukuthi inomdlavuza noma cha, futhi uma kunjalo, uhlobo luni lomdlavuza.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha?
Uma ukuxilongwa sekuqinisekisiwe, udokotela wakho uzonquma uhlelo lokwelashwa olungcono kakhulu olusekelwe esigabeni, ubukhulu, ukusabalala komdlavuza, kanye nempilo yakho iyonke. Lokhu kungabandakanya ukwelashwa okukodwa noma okuhlanganisiwe.
| Indlela yokwelapha | Kuchazwe kalula |
|---|---|
| Ukwelashwa Ngemisebe | Imisebe enamandla aphezulu yemisebe (njenge-X-ray) iqondiswe esimila futhi ibhubhise amangqamuzana omdlavuza. |
| Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali | Ukunikeza imithi enamandla ebulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza noma emise ukukhula kwawo ngemithambo yegazi (ngokusebenzisa usawoti) noma ngesimo samaphilisi. |
| Ukuhlinzwa | Ukususwa kwesimila esinomdlavuza kanye nezicubu ezizungezile. Ezigabeni zokuqala, i-larynx ingagcinwa. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, i-larynx yonke ingadinga ukususwa (i-Total Laryngectomy). |
| Ukwelashwa Okuqondiwe | Izidakamizwa ezihlasela futhi zihlasele amaprotheni athile kuphela abalulekile ekukhuleni kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza, kuyilapho zinciphisa umonakalo kumaseli anempilo. |
| Ukwelashwa nge-immunotherapy | Ukuvuselela amasosha omzimba wethu, okwenza ukuthi aqaphele futhi alwe namaseli omdlavuza. |
Ngingakwazi ukukhuluma ngemva kokuhlinzwa?
Lena inkinga abantu abaningi abanayo. Kuya ngohlobo lokuhlinzwa.
- Ngomdlavuza wesigaba sokuqala: Ngemva kokuhlinzwa ukuze kususwe isimila noma ingxenye encane ye-larynx (isb., i-cordectomy, i-partial laryngectomy), ungase ukwazi ukukhuluma. Izwi lakho lingase lishintshe kancane, kodwa lokhu kungabuyiselwa ngosizo lochwepheshe wezokukhuluma.
- Ngomdlavuza onzima: Kwezinye izimo, lonke i-larynx kungadingeka lisuswe (i-Total Laryngectomy). Lokhu kuzokwenza kube nzima ukukhuluma njengakuqala. Kodwa ungakhathazeki. Manje sekunezindlela ezintsha zokufunda ukukhuluma (isib. ama-valve akhethekile, amadivayisi kagesi).
Injani impilo ngemva kokwelashwa?
Ngemva kokuba ukwelashwa sekuqediwe ngempumelelo, udokotela wakho uzoqhubeka nokukuhlola (ukulandelela) ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uyalulama kahle. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi,
- Ukunikeza imithi yokulawula ubuhlungu.
- Ukunikeza izixazululo zobunzima bokugwinya.
- Ukunikeza iseluleko ngokudla okunempilo okukufanele.
- Kuzothunyelwa izinkomba ku-Speech Therapy noma ku-Physiotherapy uma kudingeka.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuyeka ngokuphelele ukubhema nokuphuza utshwala ngemva kokwelashwa. Abantu abaqhubeka nokubhema basengozini enkulu kakhulu yokuthola umdlavuza futhi. Uma uyeka le mikhuba, leyo ngozi iyancipha kakhulu.
Ingabe ikhona indlela yokusinda kulo mdlavuza?
Nakuba kungewona wonke umdlavuza ongavinjelwa, singakwazi ukulawula izici eziyinhloko ezibangela umdlavuza we-laryngeal.
- Yeka ukubhema nemikhiqizo kagwayi ngokuphelele. Lesi yisinyathelo esingcono kakhulu nesibaluleke kakhulu ongasithatha.
- Nciphisa ukuphuza kwakho utshwala. Uma kungenzeka, yeka ngokuphelele.
- Yidla ukudla okunempilo nokulinganiselayo. Ukudla okucebile ngemifino nezithelo kusiza ekunciphiseni ingozi yomdlavuza.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Uma unezwi elibuhlungu noma ushintsho ezwini lakho isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto amabili , ungakushayi indiva lokho. Bonana nodokotela ngokushesha.
- Izimbangela eziyinhloko zomdlavuza we-laryngeal ukubhema nokuphuza utshwala ngokweqile . Isivikelo esingcono kakhulu ukugwema le mikhuba.
- Uma utholakala kusenesikhathi, umdlavuza we-larynx unethuba eliphezulu kakhulu lokwelashwa ngokuphelele. Ungalondoloza nekhono lakho lokukhuluma.
- Uma unenkinga nganoma yiziphi izimpawu, ungangabazi ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho. Uma lesi sifo sitholakala ngokushesha, kulapho kungenzeka khona ukuthi ukwelashwa kuphumelele.
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