Uma uhlolwa igazi lakho ukuze uthole i-cholesterol, cishe usuke wabona amagama afana ne-LDL, i-HDL, nama-triglycerides embikweni owutholayo, akunjalo? Sivame ukukhuluma "nge-cholesterol enhle" (i-HDL) kanye "ne-cholesterol embi" (i-LDL). Kodwa kukhona eyodwa engekho ohlwini wonke umuntu akhuluma ngayo, efihliwe kancane, kodwa ingaba nomthelela omkhulu empilweni yenhliziyo. Leyo yi -Lipoprotein (a) , noma i-Lp(a) ngamafuphi. Kufana nemfihlo yomndeni, futhi ngezinye izikhathi singazi ukuthi singadala izinkinga ezinkulu ngaphakathi kwemizimba yethu.
Kalula nje, iyini i-Lipoprotein (a)?
Kulungile, ake sikubeke ngale ndlela. I-Lipoprotein (a) uhlobo lwe-LDL (Low-Density Lipoprotein), eyaziwa nangokuthi "i-cholesterol embi." Kwenzekani lapho i-LDL cholesterol ikhula emzimbeni? Yakheka ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi yethu, yakha ama-plaque afana nama-speed bumps emgwaqweni. Kwezokwelapha, sibiza lokhu ngokuthi i-plaque . Njengoba la ma-speed bumps ekhula, igazi liba lincane ukugeleza kahle. Ekugcineni, lokhu kungavimba imithambo yegazi ngokuphelele futhi kumise ukugeleza kwegazi. Lokhu kuyimbangela enkulu yokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo nokushaywa yisifo sohlangothi.
Manje, into ekhethekile nge-Lp(a) ukuthi ingathi sína kakhulu kune-LDL. Kunezizathu ezimbili zalokho:
1. Amahlule egazi ngokushesha: Izinhlayiya ze-Lp(a) zisiza igazi lethu ukuthi liqine ngokushesha kunokujwayelekile.
2. Kuvimba ukuqhekeka kwegazi: Kuvimbela nokuqhekeka kwehlule legazi elakhiwe.
Cabanga nje, ungqimba lwe-cholesterol (i-plaque) lwakheke ngaphakathi komthambo wegazi. Uma lolo ngqimba luqhuma ngenxa ye-Lp(a), kunethuba elikhulu lokuthi ihlule legazi lizokwakheka ngokushesha futhi livimbe ngokuphelele umthambo wegazi. Yingakho kudingeka siqaphele kakhulu nge-Lp(a).
Ingabe izinga le-Lp(a) liyinto evela kuma-genes?
Yebo. Kulungile. Lena yinto ebaluleke kakhulu futhi mhlawumbe edabukisayo kancane ngalokhu. Izinga lakho le-Lp(a) linqunywa izakhi zofuzo ozithola kumama wakho nobaba. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uzivocavoca kangakanani noma ukuthi ulawula kahle kangakanani ukudla kwakho, awukwazi ukunciphisa kakhulu izinga lakho le-Lp(a). Izinga le-Lp(a) onalo usemusha cishe liyoba elakho impilo yakho yonke.
Lokho kusho ukuthi, lokhu akuyona into ebangelwa yindlela esiphila ngayo. Kuyinto esiyizuza njengefa. Yingakho uma othile emndenini eke waba nesifo senhliziyo esemncane, kufanele futhi sisole ukuthi unesifo i-Lp(a).
Ngingazi kanjani izinga lami le-Lp(a)?
Lokhu kungatholakala ngokuhlolwa kwegazi okulula. Kodwa kukhona into encane lapha. Ngokuvamile uthola ukuhlolwa kwe-cholesterol, okubizwa ngokuthi i-Lipid Profile.Eqinisweni, leli zinga le-Lp(a) alilinganiswa. Kudingeka lenziwe ngokwehlukana, ikakhulukazi ngokulicela. Udokotela wakho anganquma ukuthi uyalidinga yini bese ekuthumelela lona.
Kungani udokotela angancoma lolu vivinyo?
Akuwona wonke umuntu odinga lokhu kuhlolwa, kodwa uma unezinye izici ezandisa ingozi yakho yesifo senhliziyo, udokotela wakho angase anqume ukukuhlola nalokhu.
| Isici sengozi | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Umlando womndeni | Uma omunye wezihlobo zakho eziseduze (umama, ubaba, izingane zakini) eke waba nesifo senhliziyo noma isifo sohlangothi esemncane (ngaphansi kweminyaka engu-55 ubudala kwabesilisa, ngaphansi kweminyaka engu-65 ubudala kwabesifazane). |
| Isimo se-genetic esine-cholesterol ephezulu | Uma une -Familial Hypercholesterolemia , isimo sofuzo esibangela amazinga aphezulu e-cholesterol. Cishe abantu abangu-30% abanalesi simo nabo banamazinga aphezulu e-Lp(a). |
| Amazinga aphezulu kakhulu e-LDL | Uma izinga lakho le-LDL liphezulu kakhulu ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwe-cholesterol okuvamile. |
| Isifo senhliziyo esiphindaphindayo | Uma uhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo noma isifo sohlangothi esiphindaphindayo naphezu kokwelashwa okudingekayo kanye nokushintsha kwendlela yokuphila, i-Lp(a) ingaba yimbangela. |
| Uma othile emndenini ene-Lp(a) ephezulu | Uma othile emndenini wakho eye waba nalolu vivinyo futhi izinga lakhe le-Lp(a) seliqinisekisiwe ukuthi liphezulu. |
Amazinga e-Lp(a) kanye nencazelo yawo
Kunezindlela ezimbili zokulinganisa amazinga e-Lp(a). Eyokuqala ukukala isisindo se-Lp(a) egazini. Amanani anikezwa ngama-milligram nge-deciliter (mg/dL). Enye ukukala inani lezinhlayiya ze-Lp(a) egazini. Amanani anikezwa ngama-nanomoles ngelitha (nmol/L). Kubalulekile ukubuza udokotela wakho ukuthi umbiko wakho ukuziphi izigaba.
Ngokuvamile sihlukanisa amanani e-mg/dL kanje:
- Izinga elijwayelekile: Ngaphansi kuka-30 mg/dL.
- Ingozi yomngcele: Phakathi kuka-30 mg/dL no-50 mg/dL.
- Ingozi ephezulu: Ngaphezu kuka-50 mg/dL.
Ku-nmol/L, inani elingaphezu kuka-100 nmol/L libhekwa njengengozi ephezulu.
Izinga lakho eliphezulu le-Lp(a) lisho ukuthi usengozini enkulu yokuthola isifo senhliziyo nesifo semithambo yegazi, noma ngabe amanye amazinga akho e-cholesterol alungile.
Ucwaningo luthole ukuthi amazinga aphezulu e-Lp(a) ahlobene ngqo nalezi zifo:
- Isifo senhliziyo
- Isifo senhliziyo
- Isifo sohlangothi
- I-stenosis ye-valve ye-aortic
- Isifo semithambo yegazi engaphandle (i-PAD)
Ingabe zikhona izimpawu zamazinga aphezulu e-Lp(a)?
Cha. Yileyo ngxenye eyesabekayo. Abantu abaningi abanamazinga aphezulu e-Lp(a) ababonisi zimpawu. Abazi ukuthi basengozini kuze kube yilapho kwenzeka into enkulu njengokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo. Yingakho, uma unomlando womndeni wesifo senhliziyo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngakho kusenesikhathi bese uhlolwa uma kudingeka.
Kulungile, manje singayinciphisa kanjani le Lp(a)?
Lona umbuzo wonke umuntu anawo. Uma ngikhuluma iqiniso, okwamanje akukho muthi othize ovunyelwe ukuqondisa nokwehlisa amazinga e-Lp(a). Abacwaningi bathuthukisa futhi bahlola imithi emisha eminingana ngale njongo. Ngakho-ke sithemba ukuthi ikhambi elihle lizotholakala maduze nje.
Ungase ucabange, "Ngakho-ke, angisenalutho engizolwenza manje?" Ungacabangi kanjalo. Kunezinto eziningi kakhulu okufanele zenziwe!
Nakuba singenakukwazi ukwehlisa amazinga e-Lp(a) ngokuqondile, into engcono kakhulu esingayenza ukulawula zonke ezinye izinto ezandisa ingozi yesifo senhliziyo. Ngamanye amazwi, uma i-Lp(a) iwukuphela kwesibhamu esinaso, kufana nokukhubaza zonke ezinye.
Izinto ongazenza:
- Yeka ukusebenzisa imikhiqizo kagwayi ngokuphelele. Ukubhema kuyimbangela enkulu yokulimala kwemithambo yegazi.
- Vivinya umzimba njalo. Yenza okuthile okufana nokuhamba noma ukugijima okungenani imizuzu engama-30 izinsuku ezi-5 ngesonto.
- Gcina isisindo esinempilo.
- Yamukela ukudla okunempilo kwenhliziyo. Yidla amafutha amancane, usawoti, noshukela, bese udla imifino eminingi, izithelo, amakhambi, nokudla okucebile nge-fiber.
- Gcina umfutho wegazi lakho kanye nesifo sikashukela kulawulwa. Sebenzisa imithi udokotela wakho ayinikeza yona ngqo.
- Lawula amazinga e-cholesterol ye-LDL. Nakuba kungenakwenzeka ukwehlisa i-Lp(a), imithi ehlisa i-cholesterol ye-LDL, njenge -statins noma i-PCSK9 inhibitors , inganciphisa kakhulu ingozi iyonke.
- Lawula ukucindezeleka.
Kuye ngengozi yakho, udokotela wakho angase akunikeze umuthi onjenge- aspirin ukuze unciphise ukujiya kwegazi.
Kulabo abanamazinga aphezulu kakhulu e-Lp(a), ikakhulukazi labo abane-Familial Hypercholesterolemia, kukhona ukwelashwa okubizwa ngokuthi i-Apheresis . Lokhu kufana ne-dialysis lapho izinso zihluleka. Uxhunywe emshinini bese izinhlayiya ze-Lp(a) zihlungwa ziphume egazini. Kodwa-ke, lokhu ukwelashwa okuthatha amahora amaningana, okudingeka kwenziwe kanye noma kabili ngesonto, futhi kwenziwa kuphela ezigulini ezikhethekile kakhulu.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Lipoprotein (a) noma i-Lp(a) uhlobo olukhethekile lwe-cholesterol esiluzuza njengefa ezizakhini zethu zofuzo futhi olwandisa ingozi yesifo senhliziyo.
- Lokhu akukalwa ngokuhlolwa kwe-cholesterol okuvamile (i-Lipid Profile). Kudinga ukuhlolwa kwegazi okukhethekile .
- Amazinga e-Lp(a) awakwazi ukwehla kakhulu ngokudla noma ngokuzivocavoca umzimba.
- Uma kukhona emndenini wakho oke waba nesifo senhliziyo esemncane , khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuhlolwa kwezinga lakho le-Lp(a).
- Ngisho noma izinga lakho le-Lp(a) liphezulu, ungesabi. Ngokulawula zonke ezinye izinto eziyingozi , njengomfutho wegazi, isifo sikashukela, kanye ne-LDL cholesterol, unganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yakho yokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kanye nesifo sohlangothi.
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