Ake sifunde kabanzi ngama-lipoprotein, akhiwa ngamafutha namaprotheni.

Wake wazibuza ukuthi amafutha emizimbeni yethu (abizwa nangokuthi amafutha uma sikhuluma) ahamba kanjani esuka kwenye indawo aye kwenye? Ama-lipoprotein ayizinhlayiya ezikhethekile ezisiza ngalokhu. Kalula nje, afana nezimoto ezincane ezithwala izinto ezifana namafutha ne-cholesterol emizimbeni yethu ziye lapho kudingeka khona ngegazi. Ahamba ngemithambo yegazi yethu. Amanye ama-lipoprotein alungele kakhulu inhliziyo yethu, kodwa amanye angabangela inkinga encane. Ngakho-ke, ake sixoxe ngala ma-lipoprotein ngendlela elula neqondile, njengakho konke okunye.

Iyini ngempela i-cholesterol kanye ne-triglycerides?

Ngaphambi kokuba sikhulume ngama-lipoprotein, ake siqonde kancane ngala magama amabili: i-cholesterol kanye nama-triglycerides. Womabili amafutha afana ne-wax atholakala egazini lethu. Kodwa indlela imizimba yethu ewenza futhi iwasebenzise ngayo ihlukile kancane.

• I-Cholesterol: Isikhathi esiningi, i-cholesterol yenziwa esibindini sethu. Sithola futhi i-cholesterol kokunye kokudla esikudlayo, ikakhulukazi amafutha ezilwane, inyama, inhlanzi, nemikhiqizo yobisi. Le cholesterol ayimbi nje kuphela emizimbeni yethu. Le cholesterol isiza ekwenzeni i-vitamin D, kanye nama-hormone abalulekile njenge-estrogen, i-testosterone, ne-cortisol . Akukhona lokho kuphela, futhi kubalulekile ekwenzeni amaseli ohlelweni lwethu lwezinzwa.

• Ama-Triglycerides: Lawa enziwa yisibindi namathumbu ethu ohlelweni lwethu lokugaya ukudla. Uma sidla ukudla okuningi okunamafutha nama-calories amaningi, imizimba yethu yenza ama-triglycerides amaningi. Ama-triglycerides engeziwe esiwenzayo agcinwa kumaseli ethu amafutha. Kamuva, lapho umzimba udinga amandla, lawa ma-triglycerides agciniwe akhishwa egazini.

Manje cishe usuyaqonda ukuthi iyini i-cholesterol kanye ne-triglycerides nokuthi zibaluleke kangakanani emizimbeni yethu. Kodwa-ke, inkinga iwukuthi uma ziphezulu kakhulu.

Yiziphi izinhlobo zama-lipoprotein akhona?

Kunezinhlobo ezinhlanu eziyinhloko zama-lipoprotein emizimbeni yethu. Ake sibheke ukuthi ayini.

• I-high-density lipoprotein (HDL): Yilokhu esikubiza ngokuthi “i-cholesterol enhle.” I-HDL isiza ukuthwala i-cholesterol eningi isuka emzimbeni iyibuyisele esibindini, lapho ikhishwa khona. Amazinga aphezulu e-HDL anciphisa ingozi yethu yokuthola izifo zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi. Kufana nomngane kithi.

• I-low-density lipoprotein (LDL): Lokhu yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi "i-cholesterol embi"Kubizwa kanjalo. Amazinga e-LDL anda andisa ingozi yokuthola izifo ezifana nesifo semithambo yegazi, ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, kanye nesifo sohlangothi. I-LDL ithwala i-cholesterol futhi iyibeke emithanjeni yethu yegazi. Uma ibekwe ngale ndlela, iba njengodaka epayipini, inciphise isikhala ngaphakathi emithanjeni yegazi futhi ivimbele ukuhamba kwegazi. Lesi simo sisibiza ngokuthi i-atherosclerosis .

• Ama-lipoprotein aphansi kakhulu (VLDL): Lolu olunye uhlobo "lwe-cholesterol embi." I-VLDL ithwala kakhulu ama-triglycerides ezicutshini zethu. Iphinde inegalelo ekuthuthweni kwe-cholesterol ngezinga elithile.

• Ama-lipoprotein aphakathi nendawo (i-IDL): Lawa akheka ngemva kokuba i-VLDL isisusiwe amanye ama-fatty acid ayo. Lawa ma-IDL abe esesuswa yisibindi noma aguqulwe abe yi-LDL.

• Ama-Chylomicron: Lawa yizinhlayiya ezinkulu kakhulu ze-lipoprotein. Aphinde athuthe ama-triglycerides.

Uyabona, kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zama-lipoprotein, futhi enza izinto ezahlukene.

Iyini i-lipoprotein (a) noma i-LP (a)?

Lena ikhethekile kancane. I-Lipoprotein (a) noma i-LP(a) nayo iwuhlobo olufanayo lwe-LDL, "i-cholesterol embi" esikhulume ngayo. Kodwa lena ikhethekile. Enye iphrotheni ebizwa ngokuthi i-apolipoprotein (a) noma i-apo(a) izungezwe yile ngxenyana ye-LDL. Le apo(a) yenza ingxenyana ye-LDL "inamathele". Ngakho-ke, le LP(a) ingafakwa kalula emithanjeni yegazi, okwandisa ingozi yezinkinga zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi. Ukuba namazinga aphezulu e-LP(a) kuyisici esikhulu esiyingozi sokuthuthukisa i-atherosclerosis.

Nakuba ukudla kwethu nendlela yethu yokuphila kungathinta amanye amazinga e-HDL kanye ne-LDL, amazinga ethu e-LP(a) anqunywa kakhulu yizakhi zethu zofuzo. Abanye abantu banamazinga aphezulu e-LP(a) ngenxa yokuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo. Abantu abanjalo basengozini enkulu yokuthola isifo senhliziyo besebancane.

Kuyini ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-Lipid Panel?

Udokotela wakho kungenzeka ukuthi ukucele ukuthi ube "nephrofayili ye-lipid." Yilokho okubizwa ngakho lokhu kuhlolwa kwegazi kwephaneli ye-lipid . Kukala i-cholesterol iyonke egazini lakho. Kukala namazinga e-HDL, LDL, kanye ne-triglycerides, kanye ne-cholesterol yakho iyonke.

Lokhu ukuhlolwa kwegazi okulula kakhulu. Kuthatha imizuzu engaphansi kwemihlanu. Ungakwenza ehhovisi likadokotela wakho, elebhu, noma esibhedlela. Ukuze uthole imiphumela emihle kakhulu, kufanele uzile ukudla amahora angu-8 kuya kwangu-12 ngaphambi kokwenza lokhu kuhlolwa kwegazi.Lokho kusho ukuthi ngeke udle noma uphuze lutho. Ungase futhi ucelwe ukuthi uyeke ukuthatha noma yimiphi imithi oyithathayo isikhashana. Ngakho-ke, kufanele ulandele imiyalelo kadokotela ngqo.

I-lipoprotein (a) [LP(a)] ihlolwa kanjani futhi nini?

Ngokuvamile, akuwona wonke umuntu ohlolwa izinga lakhe le-LP(a). Kuphela uma udokotela wakho ekucele ngokuqondile, lapho ezohlola khona izinga le-LP(a) kanye nephaneli ye-lipid.

Lokhu kuhlolwa kuvame ukunconywa kuphela kubantu abanezici ezithile eziyingozi zesifo senhliziyo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• Uma uke waba nezinkinga zenhliziyo ngaphambili.
• Uma kukhona emndenini wakho, ikakhulukazi izihlobo zezinga lokuqala (abazali, izingane zakubo), oke waba nesifo senhliziyo esemncane.
• Uma izinga lakho le-LDL liphezulu ngendlela engavamile.
• Uma unezici eziyingozi zomndeni one-hypercholesterolemia , isimo sofuzo esibangela amazinga aphezulu e-LDL.

Kubaluleke ngani lokhu kuhlolwa kwegazi le-lipid?

I-cholesterol ephezulu ivame ukungabi nazimpawu, ngakho-ke ukwenza lokhu kuhlolwa kwegazi kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokubona izinkinga ze-cholesterol ezingathinta inhliziyo yakho kanye nemithambo yegazi.

Odokotela basebenzisa lokhu kuhlolwa kwegazi le-lipid ezintweni ezifana nalezi:

• Ukuhlolwa: Lokhu kungenziwa njengengxenye yokuhlolwa kwakho kwezokwelapha kwaminyaka yonke. Lokhu kungakusiza ukuthi ubone ukuthi usengozini enkulu yini yesifo senhliziyo. Uma usuyazi ukuthi usengozini enkulu, ungathatha izinyathelo zokuvimbela izimo ezingathi sína njengokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kanye nesifo sohlangothi.
• Ukuxilongwa: Lokhu kuhlolwa kwegazi le-cholesterol kusiza futhi ekuxilongeni izimo ezifana ne -atherosclerosis .
• Ukuqapha: Le miphumela yokuhlolwa ingakusiza ukuthi ubone ukuthi amazinga akho e-cholesterol aya ngokuya eba mandundu, adinga ukwelashwa, noma asabela kahle ekwelashweni.

Kufanele kwenziwe kangaki lokhu kuhlolwa kwe-lipoprotein?

Kujwayelekile ukuthi amazinga e-lipoprotein kanye ne-cholesterol ephelele akhuphuke njengoba ukhula. Njengoba ingozi yakho ikhula, udokotela wakho angase akuncome ukuthi uhlolwe njalo.

Okulandelayo ngokuvamile kunconywa ekuhlolweni kwegazi le-lipid:

• Kwabesilisa abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-35 ubudala kanye nabesifazane abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-45 ubudala.
• I-atherosclerosis ivame kakhulu kwabesilisa abaneminyaka ephakathi kuka-20 no-35 kanye nakwabesifazane abaneminyaka ephakathi kuka-20 no-45.
• Kubantwana, kungcono ukuthatha lesi sivivinyo kanye phakathi kweminyaka engu-9 no-11, bese uphinda futhi phakathi kweminyaka engu-17 no-21.

Ayini amazinga anempilo e-lipoprotein?

Amalabhorethri alinganisa i-cholesterol nama-lipoprotein ngama-milligram nge-deciliter (mg/dL). Izindlela ezisetshenziswa yilebhu ngayinye zingahluka. Lokhu kusho ukuthi imiphumela evela kusampula yegazi elifanayo ingahluka kancane kuye ngelebhu. Noma nini lapho kungenzeka, udokotela wakho uzofuna ukusebenzisa ilebhu efanayo ukuqapha amazinga akho.

Amazinga anempilo e-HDL, i-LDL, ama-triglyceride, kanye ne-cholesterol iyonke ayahlukahluka ngokweminyaka nobulili. Khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuthi amazinga anempilo akulungele. Ngokuvamile, uma ungenazo ezinye izici eziyingozi, lawa manani abhekwa njenganempilo:

• I-cholesterol iyonke: 100-199 mg/dL kulabo abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-21 ubudala; 75-169 mg/dL kulabo abaneminyaka engu-20 nangaphansi.
• I-HDL (i-cholesterol enhle): 45 mg/dL noma ngaphezulu. (55 mg/dL noma ngaphezulu kungcono kwabesifazane, 45 mg/dL noma ngaphezulu kwabesilisa)
• I-LDL (i-cholesterol embi): ngaphansi kuka-100 mg/dL.
• Ama-Triglycerides: Ngaphansi kuka-150 mg/dL.

Iphaneli yamafutha ayikwazi ukukala amazinga e-VLDL ngqo, futhi akukho ukuhlolwa okuqondile kwayo. Esikhundleni salokho, amalabhorethri alinganisa amazinga akho e-VLDL ngokuhlukanisa ama-triglycerides akho ngamahlanu. Izinga le-VLDL elinempilo kufanele libe ngaphansi kuka-30 mg/dL. Kodwa-ke, le ndlela ayinembile ngaso sonke isikhathi uma ama-triglycerides akho ephezulu kakhulu.

Liyini inani elijwayelekile le-lipoprotein (a) [LP(a)]?

Amazinga e-LP(a) abikwe ku-mg/dL noma kuma-nanomoles ngelitha (nmol/L). Inani elingaphezu kuka-50 mg/dL noma u-75 nmol/L libhekwa njengeliphezulu, futhi landisa ingozi yezimo ezifana ne-atherosclerosis, ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, kanye nesifo sohlangothi .

Yiziphi izinto ezibangela ukwanda kwe-cholesterol embi (LDL)?

Abesifazane asebedlulile esikhathini sokuya esikhathini kanye nabantu abadala abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-40 basengozini enkulu yokuba namazinga aphezulu e-LDL. Kodwa-ke, ngisho nezingane ezincane zingaba nezinkinga ze-cholesterol. Njengoba ukhula, i-metabolism yakho iyehla, futhi isibindi sakho asisakwazi ukususa i-cholesterol embi emzimbeni wakho.

Uhlanga kanye nobuzwe nakho kudlala indima. Abantu baseMelika base-Asia banamathuba amaningi okuba namazinga aphezulu e-LDL, kuyilapho abamhlophe benamathuba amaningi okuba namazinga aphezulu e-cholesterol iyonke.

Ezinye izinto ezingabangela ukwehla kwamazinga e-LDL zihlanganisa:

• Ukudla okunama-calories amaningi, amafutha agcwele, kanye ne-cholesterol. (Kufanele futhi sicabange kancane ngokudla okunamafutha nokuthosiwe esikudlayo.)
• Izimo ezifana nesifo sikashukela kanye nesifo sezinso.
• Umlando womndeni we-cholesterol ephezulu.
• Ukuphuza ngokweqile nokubhema.
• Imithi efana nama-corticosteroids kanye neminye imithi yokwelapha umfutho wegazi ophakeme kanye ne-HIV/AIDS.
• Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile (Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile).

Ungawelapha kanjani amazinga aphezulu e-LDL?

Abantu abanamazinga aphezulu e-LDL, okubabeka engcupheni enkulu yesifo senhliziyo kanye nesifo sohlangothi, bavame ukudinga imithi yokwehlisa i-cholesterol, njenge -statins, i-ezetimibe, kanye ne-PCSK9 inhibitors . Ungathuthukisa futhi la mazinga ngokwenza izinguquko ekudleni kwakho nasendleleni yakho yokuphila.

Yini ongayenza ukuze uthuthukise amazinga e-lipoprotein?

Ukwenza izinguquko ezithile ekudleni kwakho nasendleleni yakho yokuphila kungasiza ukwehlisa i-cholesterol yakho embi (i-LDL) futhi kwandise i-cholesterol yakho enhle (i-HDL). Lezi zinyathelo zingasiza:

• Zivocavoce ngokomzimba okungenani imizuzu eyi-150 ngesonto (lokho kungaba imizuzu engama-30 ngosuku). Ngisho nokuhamba ibanga elifushane noma ukuzivocavoca umzimba kuhle.
• Yidla ukudla okunempilo kwenhliziyo. Lokho kusho ukudla ukudla okunamafutha aphansi angenampilo, ushukela olula (ama-carbohydrate), kanye ne-fiber ephezulu.
• Lawula umfutho wegazi ophakeme kanye nesifo sikashukela.
• Bhala kahle.
• Gcina isisindo esinempilo. Uma ukhuluphele ngokweqile, ukunciphisa isisindo somzimba wakho ngo-5% kuya ku-10% kungathuthukisa amazinga akho e-cholesterol.
• Thola izindlela ezinempilo zokuphatha ukucindezeleka.
• Nciphisa ukusetshenziswa kotshwala.
• Cela usizo lokuyeka ukubhema (i-nicotine inyusa amazinga e-LDL futhi yehlise amazinga e-HDL).

Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya:

Kulungile, ngakho-ke sesikhulume kakhulu ngama-lipoprotein namuhla, akunjalo? Kalula nje, nazi izinto eziyinhloko okufanele uzikhumbule:

• Ama-lipoprotein afana nezimoto ezithutha amafutha kanye ne-cholesterol emizimbeni yethu.
• I-HDL "iyi-cholesterol enhle," esiza ukususa i-cholesterol eningi emzimbeni.
• I-LDL "iyi-cholesterol embi." Uma ikhuphuka, inganqwabelana emithanjeni yegazi futhi ibangele izifo zenhliziyo.
• I-LP(a) olunye uhlobo lwe-cholesterol embi "enamathelayo", ephinde yandise ingozi yesifo senhliziyo.
• Izinto ezifana nendlela yakho yokuphila, ukudla okudlayo, kanye nokuzivocavoca kungaba nomthelela omkhulu emazingeni akho e-lipoprotein.
• Ngezinye izikhathi imithi (njenge-"Statins") ingadingeka ukuze kwehliswe amazinga e-LDL kanye ne-LP(a) futhi kwandiswe amazinga e-HDL.
• Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthola ukuhlolwa kwegazi njalo ukuze uhlale unolwazi ngamazinga akho futhi ulandele imiyalelo kadokotela wakho.

Ngiyethemba ukuthi lolu lwazi luzokusiza ukuthi ugcine inhliziyo yakho iphilile!

ama- lipoprotein, i-cholesterol, ama-triglycerides, i-HDL, i-LDL, i-VLDL, isifo senhliziyo, iphaneli yamafutha, i-atherosclerosis, i-LP(a), i-cholesterol