Uyawuzwa lo mehluko emehlweni akho? Ake sixoxe nge-Papilledema!

Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi uphathwa yikhanda , uzizwe sengathi ulahlekelwa umbono wakho emehlweni womabili ngokuzumayo? Noma ngezinye izikhathi ubona izinto ngokuhlukana? Uma unalezi zimpawu, kungaba uphawu lwesimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-papilledema. Ungakhathazeki, ake sixoxe ngakho kalula.

Kuyini i-Papilledema?

Kalula nje, i-papilledema ukuvuvukala kwe-optic disc emehlweni akho womabili . Lokhu kubangelwa ukwanda kwengcindezi yangaphakathi kwekhanda . Cabanga, kukhona uketshezi olunamanzi oluzungeze ubuchopho bethu kanye nomgogodla. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi i -Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) . Lolu ketshezi lukhiqizwa futhi luphinde lumuncwe umzimba njalo. Yilokhu okuvikela ubuchopho bethu ekuqhutshweni nasezingozini ezincane. Kufana 'ne-shock absorbers' emotweni. Manje, uma lolu ketshezi lwe-'CSF' lungamuncwi kahle futhi luqongelela, noma uma luqongelela ngaphakathi kobuchopho ngesizathu esithile, ingcindezi ngaphakathi kwekhanda iyanda kancane kancane. Lokhu kucindezela okwandayo kubangela ukuthi i-optic nerve , exhumanisa iso nobuchopho, icindezelwe futhi impande yayo, i-optic disc, ivuvuke. I-optic disc yilapho i-optic nerve ingena khona iso. Ngokuvamile, lapho ingcindezi ngaphakathi kwekhanda ikhula , kwenzeka i-bilateral papilledema . Lokhu kusho ukuthi izimpande ze-optic nerve kuwo womabili amehlo ziyavuvukala. Kodwa-ke, uma impande ye-optic nerve esweni elilodwa kuphela (eliyi-unilateral) ivuvukala, sikubiza ngokuthi 'i-optic disc edema' . Lokhu kuvame ukubangelwa ukucindezela okwandayo ngaphakathi kwekhanda. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi lesi simo esibizwa ngokuthi i-papilledema singabhekwa njengesimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha . Ngoba ukucindezela okwandayo ngaphakathi kwekhanda kuyindaba engathi sína engaba yingozi ngezinye izikhathi.

Ubani othinteka kakhulu yilesi simo se-papilloedema?

Lesi simo, esibizwa ngokuthi i-papilloedema , sivame kakhulu kwabesifazane. Sivame kakhulu kwabesifazane abaneminyaka ephakathi kuka-20 no-44 abane-body mass index (BMI) engu-25 noma ngaphezulu, ekhuluphele kancane, noma i-BMI engu-30 noma ngaphezulu, ekhuluphele kakhulu . Kutholakale ukuthi cishe abantu abayi-13 kwabayi-100,000 kulelo qembu bangase babe nalesi simo. Kodwa-ke, ezweni elifana ne-United States, lesi simo asivamile kangako. Sibikwa kubantu abangaphansi koyedwa kwabayi-100,000 (0.9) bebonke abantu. Ngakho-ke, akusona isifo esithinta wonke umuntu, kodwa kuyinto okufanele icatshangelwe kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ubani ositholayo.

Ziyini izimpawu zalesi simo se-papilloedema?

Ngezinye izikhathi ungase ungabi nazo izimpawu (ezingenazo izimpawu).I-papilledema ingenzeka. Kodwa-ke, kunezimpawu eziningana ezivamile ezingabonakala:

• Ikhanda elibuhlungu: Lesi yisibonakaliso esiyinhloko. Ikhanda elibuhlungu elihambisana ne-papilledema lizwakala kakhulu uma uvuka ekuseni noma uma ulele . Kungase kuzwakale sengathi ikhanda lakho licindezelwa ngaphakathi.
• Ukufiphala kokubona okudlulayo: Lokhu kuyimpawu ethile. Ngokungazelelwe , isikhathi esifushane, njengemizuzwana emi-5 kuya kwengu-15, iso elilodwa (elihlangothini olulodwa) noma womabili amehlo (ahlangothini olulodwa) afiphala, abe mpunga, noma abe mnyama . Lokhu kufana nenyanga emboze ilanga ngesikhathi sokushona kwelanga. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka uma ushintsha izikhundla, isibonelo, lapho usukuma noma uhlala phansi.
• Ukubona okukabili (i-Diplopia): Ukucindezela okwandayo ngaphakathi kogebhezi ngezinye izikhathi kungathinta imizwa elawula imisipha eshukumisa amehlo (i-cranial nerve palsy) . Yilapho into eyodwa ibonakala sengathi imbili.
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza: Lezi zimpawu zingase zivele kanye nekhanda elibuhlungu.
• Ezinye izimpawu zemizwa: Abanye abantu bangase babe nobunzima bokuhamba kanye nokushintsha kwendlela yokucabanga.

Khumbula, uma lesi simo singelashwa kahle, umbono ungawohloka kancane kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Cabanga nje, kukhona owesifazane osemusha ogama lakhe linguNimali. Ukhuluphele kancane. Sekuyizinyanga eziningana ehlushwa ikhanda elibi lapho evuka ekuseni. Ngezinye izikhathi, lapho evuka, umbono wakhe uba mnyama imizuzwana embalwa. Wayecabanga ukuthi ukukhathala nje. Kodwa ngolunye usuku, ngokuzumayo waqala ukubona izinto ngezindlela ezimbili. Yilapho esaba khona waya kudokotela. Kwaba yilapho udokotela emhlola amehlo kuphela lapho athola khona ukuthi une-papilloedema.

Yini ebangela i-papilloedema?

Njengoba sesixoxile ngaphambili, i-papilledema ibangelwa ukucindezela okukhulu ngaphakathi kogebhezi . Ngakho-ke, kunezizathu eziningana zokuthi kungani lokhu kucindezela kunganda:

• Umfutho wegazi ophakeme oyingozi: Uma unengcindezi yegazi ephezulu engalawuleki, kungaba yimbangela yalokhu.
• Izimila: Izinhlobo ezithile zezimila ezikhula ebuchosheni noma ezizungezile zingabangela ukucindezeleka okukhulu.
• Ukutheleleka, ukopha, noma ukuvuvukala/ukuvuvukala kobuchopho kanye ne-meninges: Uma kukhona ukutheleleka, ukopha, noma ukuvuvukala kobuchopho noma ulwelwesi olumboza ubuchopho kanye nomgogodla (meninges), lokho kungabangela nokucindezeleka okukhulu.
• Ukuqina kwe-sinus yemithambo yobuchopho:Uma kwenzeka ihlule legazi emthanjeni omkhulu wegazi (umthambo) ebuchosheni, lingavimba nokugeleza koketshezi lwe-CSF, okubangela ukwanda kwengcindezi.
• I-anemia yokuntuleka kwensimbi: Lokhu kuye kwatholakala ukuthi ngezinye izikhathi kuhlotshaniswa.
• Imithi ethile: Ukusetshenziswa kwemithi ethile kungathinta nalokhu. Isibonelo, i-Retin-A kanye nama-retinoids (imithi ehlobene ne-vitamin A), ukudla i-vitamin A ngokweqile, ama-antibiotic e-tetracycline, ukutheleleka kwe-COVID-19, kanye nama-corticosteroids (imithi ye-steroid) nakho kubikwe ukuthi kuhlotshaniswa nalokhu.
• I-Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension (IIH): Ngezinye izikhathi ingcindezi engaphakathi kwekhanda iyakhuphuka, kodwa akukho sizathu esicacile esingatholakala. Igama elithi ``idiopathic`` lisho ``isizathu esingaziwa.`` Lesi simo ``IIH``` sivame kakhulu kwabesifazane abasebasha, abakhuluphele.

Ingabe i-papilloedema iwufuzo?

Cha, i-papilloedema ayisona isifo esidluliselwa ngofuzo .

Ingabe i-migraine ibangela i-papilledema?

Cha, i-papilledema ayibangelwa yi-migraine. Kodwa-ke, umuntu one-papilledema angase abe nekhanda elibuhlungu elifana nekhanda elibuhlungu le-migraine. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuthola ukuthi liyini ngempela.

Ungayixilonga kanjani i-papilledema ngokunembile?

Uma unezimpawu ezifana nekhanda elibuhlungu kanye nokushintsha kombono, ungase utholakale une-papilledema uma ubona udokotela. Udokotela wakho wamehlo uzoqala ahlole amehlo akho. Angase enze izivivinyo ezikhethekile, njengokuhlolwa kwendawo yokubona . Angase abheke ukuvuvukala kwi-optic disc yakho. Uma i-optic disc ibonakala ivuvukile, uzothunyelwa ukuze uhlolwe nge-imaging . Lokhu kuvame ukuba yi-MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) . Lokhu kungabheka izimila noma ukopha ebuchosheni. Ngezinye izikhathi udokotela wakho angase futhi acele ukubhobozwa kwe-lumbar (spinal tap) . Lokhu kungahlola ingcindezi ngaphakathi kwekhanda kanye nokutheleleka ku-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlolwa kwegazi kungenziwa ukuze kuhlolwe izinto ezifana namazinga ensimbi.

Ubukhulu be-papilledema bulinganiswa kanjani?

Odokotela basebenzisa indlela ebizwa ngokuthi isikali sikaFrisén ukukala ubunzima be-papilledema. Inezigaba eziningana.

• Ibanga 0: Impande yenzwa ye-optic ijwayelekile, kodwa imiphetho ingase ibonakale ifiphele kancane.
• Ezigabeni eziphakeme njengeBanga V:Impande yonke yemizwa ebonayo ivuvukele futhi iyavuvukala. Ukuvuvukala kukhulu kangangokuthi imithambo yegazi ephumayo nephumayo ezimpandeni zemizwa ayibonakali kahle.

Kalula nje, lezi zigaba zibonisa ukuthi ukuvuvukala kukhulu kangakanani.

Iphathwa kanjani i-papilloedema?

Ukwelashwa kwe-papilledema kuncike embangela .

• Uma i-papilledema ibangelwa ukwanda okungachazeki kwengcindezi yangaphakathi kwekhanda (IIH):
• Udokotela wakho angase akunikeze umuthi wokuvimbela i-carbonic anhydrase, njenge- acetazolamide . Lo muthi usiza ekunciphiseni ukukhiqizwa koketshezi lwe-CSF futhi wehlise ingcindezi.
• Kukusiza futhi ukuthi ugcine isisindo esinempilo . Lesi yisisombululo sesikhathi eside.
• Uma lezi zindlela zehluleka ukunciphisa ingcindezi, odokotela bangase basikisele izinqubo zokuhlinzwa zokunciphisa ingcindezi ngaphakathi kogebhezi. Isibonelo, i-shunt iyipayipi evumela uketshezi lwe-cerebrospinal (CSF) ukuthi luphume luye kwenye indawo.

• Uma i-papilloedema ivela ngesinye isizathu:
• Udokotela uzokwelapha imbangela eyinhloko . Isibonelo, kuzokwelashwa isimila sobuchopho, umfutho wegazi ophakeme uzolawulwa, kanti ukutheleleka kuzokwelashwa ngemithi.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukwelapha i-papilledema ngokushesha, ngoba uma ingelashwa, ingaholela ekulahlekelweni umbono ngokuphelele kwelinye noma kuwo womabili amehlo (ubumpumputhe).

Ingabe ingozi yokuthola i-papilloedema ingancishiswa?

Yebo, unganciphisa ingozi yokuthola i-papilloedema ngokunakekela izinto ezithile:

• Lawula umfutho wegazi lakho (ikakhulukazi ukuvimbela umfutho wegazi ophakeme ngendlela eyingozi - `umfutho wegazi ophakeme` oyingozi).
• Gcina isisindo somzimba esinempilo . Ukukhuluphala kungaba esinye sezimbangela zalokhu, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukulawula isisindo sakho.

Futhi, ukuhlolwa kwamehlo njalo kubaluleke kakhulu . Njenganoma yisiphi isifo, ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi kuyimiphumela emihle kakhulu .

Kwenzekani uma ngine-papilloedema?

Uma wena nodokotela wakho nibona lesi simo kusenesikhathi, umphumela uvame ukuba muhle . Udokotela wakho uzogxila ekwelapheni inkinga eyisisekelo. Kodwa khumbula, kubalulekile ukwelapha i-papilledema ngoba, ngaphezu kokungahle kube nokulahlekelwa umbono, ingabangela neminye imiphumela yezinzwa.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela mayelana ne-papilloedema kanye nezimbangela zayo ezingaba khona?

Uma unekhanda elisha eliqala ukuba libi, futhi ubhekene nesicanucanu nokuhlanza , kufanele ufune usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha . Futhi, uma ubona noma yiziphi izinguquko embonweni wakho,Uma ikhona, nakanjani yibonise udokotela bese uyihlola.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-Papilledema ne-Pseudopapilledema?

I-Pseudopapilledema uhlobo "olungamanga" lwe-papilledema . Lokhu futhi kubangela ukuthi i-optic disc ibonakale ikhukhumele. Kodwa-ke, akubangelwa ukuvuvukala kwe-optic nerve. Abanye abantu bangazalwa bene-optic disc ekhukhumele kancane, noma kungase kubonakale sengathi kubangelwe ezinye izimo, njenge-optic disc drusen (amadiphozithi afana ne-calcium ku-optic disc). Ngenxa yokuthi izimbangela ze-papilledema zingaba zimbi kakhulu, kubalulekile ukubona udokotela ngokushesha okukhulu uma ubona izinguquko, ikakhulukazi uma zihambisana nekhanda elibuhlungu, isicanucanu, noma ukuhlanza.

Ngakho-ke, yiziphi izinto okufanele sizikhumbule kule ndaba? (Umyalezo Ofanele Uwuthathe Ekhaya)

Kulungile, ngithemba ukuthi usuyaqonda kangcono lokho ebesikhuluma ngakho, i-Papilledema. Ake siphinde sixoxe ngezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu:

• I-Papilledema ukuvuvukala kwezimpande zemizwa ye-optic yamehlo womabili ngenxa yokucindezela okukhulu ngaphakathi kogebhezi .
• Izimpawu ezifana nobuhlungu bekhanda obukhulu (ikakhulukazi ekuseni), umbono ofiphele wesikhashana, umbono ophindwe kabili, isicanucanu, nokuhlanza kungase kusolwe.
• Lokhu kungabangelwa yizici ezahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa izimila zobuchopho, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, izifo ezithathelwanayo, imithi ethile, kanye ne-idiopathic hypertension (IIH) .
• Uma lesi sifo sitholakala kusenesikhathi futhi imbangela yelashwa kahle, umbono ungagcinwa. Uma ukwelashwa kwephuza, umbono ungalahleka ngokuphelele .
• Uma unalezi zimpawu, ungachithi isikhathi uye kudokotela .
• Ukugcina isisindo esinempilo nokulawula umfutho wegazi kungasiza ekunciphiseni ingozi yalesi simo.

Amehlo akho ayigugu kakhulu, ngakho-ke wanakekele. Uma ubona noma yini engavamile, ungakushayi indiva. Kuwukuhlakanipha ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha.