Omiyane abayona into engavamile ezweni lakithi. Kusukela ekusikhathazeni ebusuku lapho silala kuya ekubangeleni izifo ezifana ne-dengue, omiyane basibangela izinkinga eziningi. Kodwa namuhla sizokhuluma ngesinye isifo esiyingozi ngokulinganayo futhi esisakazwa omiyane. Leso yi-malaria. Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa leli gama, kodwa ungase ungaqapheli ubucayi balo. Ikakhulukazi uma usanda kuhamba uye ezweni elifana ne-Afrika noma iNingizimu Melika, noma uma unomuntu endlini yakho obuye evela ezweni elinjalo, lesi sihloko sizoba sibaluleke kakhulu kuwe.
Kalula nje, iyini i-malaria?
Umalaleveva yisifo esithwalwa omiyane. Kodwa akuwona wonke omiyane. Lesi sifo sibangelwa umiyane ophethe igciwane elikhethekile elincane kangangokuthi alibonakali emehlweni. Njengoba nje umkhuhlane we-dengue ubangelwa umiyane othwala igciwane le-dengue.
Lesi silwanyana singena egazini lethu ngamathe omiyane. Ukusuka lapho, siya ngqo esibindini sethu. Siphindaphindeka buthule ngaphakathi kwesibindi, okungukuthi, siyazalana, bese singena egazini lethu futhi, izikhathi eziyizinkulungwane. Yilapho izimpawu ziqala khona ukubonakala. Uma singelashwa ngesikhathi, lesi yisimo esibi esingaba yingozi ngisho nokuphila . Lokhu kungaba yingozi kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka emi-5 ubudala.
Ziyini izimpawu ze-malaria?
Izimpawu ze-malaria ekuqaleni zibonakala njengomkhuhlane omubi, ngakho abanye abantu bangase bangazinaki, becabanga ukuthi umkhuhlane ovamile nje. Kodwa-ke, lezi zimpawu zingaba zimbi kakhulu kancane kancane.
Izimpawu zivame ukuvela ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kuya enyangeni ngemuva kokulunywa umiyane. Kodwa-ke, ngokumangazayo, abanye abantu bangahlala unyaka wonke bengenazo izimpawu bese bethola lesi sifo ngokuzumayo.
Ithebula elingezansi lizokusiza ukuthi uqonde lezi zimpawu kangcono.
| Isibonakaliso | Incazelo encane ngalokho. |
|---|---|
| Umkhuhlane kanye nokubandayo | Lesi yisibonakaliso esiyinhloko. Ngokungazelelwe, umzimba ushisa kakhulu futhi ushisa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umzimba ubanda kakhulu bese uqala ukuthuthumela. Ngisho noma uzisonga ngembazo, umkhuhlane awupheli. |
| Ikhanda elibuhlungu kanye nobuhlungu bomzimba | Ikhanda lami libuhlungu kakhulu. Imisipha namalunga ami nawo abuhlungu kakhulu. Ngizizwa sengathi bengisebenza kanzima izinsuku eziningi. |
| Ukukhathala | Ngizizwa sengathi angikwazi ukwenza lutho. Ngihlala ngilele futhi umzimba wami uzizwa ungaphili. |
| Ukuhlanza, isicanucanu, kanye nokuphazamiseka kwesisu | Kuzwakala sengathi isisu sakho siyaphenduka, futhi ufuna ukuhlanza. Abanye abantu bangase babe nesisu esikhululekile. |
| Ukuphuzi kwamehlo nesikhumba (i-Jaundice) | Okumhlophe kwamehlo nesikhumba kuqala ukuphenduka kube phuzi. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi isibindi siyathinteka. |
| Ubunzima bokuphefumula | Njengoba lesi sifo siba sibi kakhulu, kungase kube nzima ukuphefumula. |
| Ushintsho kumbala womchamo | Umchamo ungase ube mnyama, ngezinye izikhathi ube negazi. |
| Ukuquleka | Lesi yisimo esibi kakhulu. Uma lesi sifo sithinta ubuchopho, izimo ezifana nokuquleka zingavela. |
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uma uke waya ezweni lapho umalaleveva uvame khona futhi unezinye zalezi zimpawu, kufanele ubonane nodokotela ngokushesha , kunokuba ucabange ukuthi umkhuhlane nje ovamile.
Lesi silwanyana esibangela umalaleveva singena kanjani emizimbeni yethu?
Lokhu kubangelwa yi-parasite ebizwa ngokuthi i-Plasmodium. Kunezinhlobo ezinhlanu ezingathelela abantu. Kulezi, i-Plasmodium falciparum kanye ne-Plasmodium vivax yizona ezivame kakhulu. I-P. falciparum ikakhulukazi ingabangela izifo ezinzima.
Indlela eyinhloko lokhu okudluliswa ngayo ukulunywa omiyane. Cabanga nje, umiyane uluma umuntu onesifo sikamalaleveva. Bese kuthi ezinye zalezo zinambuzane zingene emzimbeni womiyane. Bese kuthi lapho lowo miyane uluma umuntu ophilile, ezinye zalezo zinambuzane zingene emzimbeni walowo muntu. Umjikelezo usuphelile.
Ngaphezu kokulunywa umiyane, kungadluliselwa ngezinye izindlela, okungajwayelekile kakhulu.
- Ukudluliselwa kusuka kumama okhulelwe kuya enganeni.
- Ukumpontshelwa igazi.
- Iminikelo yezitho zomzimba.
- Abantu abasebenzisa izidakamizwa basebenzisa izinaliti ezifanayo zomjovo.
Ubani osengozini enkulu?
Nakuba noma ubani engathola umalaleveva, abanye abantu banamathuba amaningi okuba nezinkinga ezinkulu. Ake sibheke ukuthi bangobani kuleli thebula elingezansi.
| Isigaba sengozi | Kungani ingozi iphezulu? |
|---|---|
| Izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka emi-5 ubudala | Ngenxa yokuthi amasosha abo omzimba awakakhuli ngokugcwele, bakuthola kunzima ukulwa nalesi sifo, okungaholela ngokushesha ezinkingeni ezinkulu. |
| Omama abakhulelwe | Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, amasosha omzimba kamama ayancipha kancane ngokwemvelo. Uma kuvela umalaleveva, ungathinta umama kanye nomntwana ongakazalwa. |
| Abantu abanesifo sokuzivikela komzimba esiphansi | Abantu abanezifo ezifana ne-HIV/AIDS, umdlavuza, noma labo abaphuza imithi ecindezela amasosha omzimba bangalesi sigaba. |
| Abahambi abaya ezindaweni ezivame ukuba nomalaleveva | Abantu abahlala kulezo zindawo bathuthukisa amasosha omzimba ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kodwa-ke, lesi sifo singaba sibi kakhulu kumuntu omusha, njengoba lesi silwanyana singajwayelekile emzimbeni. |
Yimaphi amazwe asengozini enkulu yokuba ne-malaria?
Umalaleveva uvame kakhulu emazweni anezimo zezulu ezishisayo nezinomswakama.
- Amazwe ase-Afrika
- Amazwe aseCentral naseNingizimu Melika
- Iziqhingi zaseCaribbean (njengeHaiti, iDominican Republic)
- Amanye amazwe aseNingizimu naseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia
- Ezinye iziqhingi e-Pacific Ocean
Izinkinga ezinkulu ezingaba khona uma zingelashwa
Umalaleveva akuyona isifo okufanele udlale ngaso. Uma ungelashwa ngokushesha, ungaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu kakhulu. Lokhu kungaba yingozi ngisho nasekufeni.
- I-Cerebral Malaria: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho amangqamuzana abomvu egazi agcwele amagciwane e-malaria evimba imithambo yegazi emincane ehambisa igazi ebuchosheni. Lokhu kungabangela ukuvuvukala kobuchopho, ukuxhuzula, i-coma, ngisho nokufa.
- Ukwehluleka Kwezitho: Izitho ezibalulekile njengezinso, isibindi kanye ne-spleen zingase zonakale futhi zilahlekelwe ukusebenza kwazo.
- I-Anemia Enzima: Ngenxa yokuthi i-parasite ibhubhisa amangqamuzana abomvu egazi, inani legazi emzimbeni lingancipha ngokushesha, okubangela i-anemia enzima.
- Ubunzima bokuphefumula: Uketshezi lunganqwabelana emaphashini, okubangela ubunzima bokuphefumula.
Udokotela uwuthola kanjani umalaleveva?
Ngemva kokubuza ngezimpawu zakho kanye nezindawo osanda kuzivakashela, udokotela wakho uzokwenza ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuqinisekisa lesi sifo.
Lokhu kuhilela ukuthatha ithonsi elincane legazi emunweni wakho bese ulihlola ngaphansi kwe-microscope. Lokhu kuzokukhombisa kahle ukuthi kukhona yini amagciwane e-malaria egazini lakho, futhi uma kunjalo, hlobo luni. Lokhu kuhlolwa kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa nokunquma ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu kuwe.
Ngakho-ke, uma uya kudokotela, qiniseka ukuthi umtshela ngawo wonke amazwe nezifunda ozivakashele ngonyaka odlule . Lolo lwazi lungakusiza ukusindisa impilo yakho.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha umalaleveva?
Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi umalaleveva uyisifo esingelapheka ngokuphelele , kodwa ukwelashwa kudingeka kuqale kusenesikhathi.
Ukwelashwa kwenziwa ngemithi yokulwa nomalaleveva. Uhlobo lomuthi ozolunikwa luzoncika ezintweni eziningana:
- Lapho usithole khona lesi sifo: Izibungu ze-malaria kwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba azimelani nemithi, ngakho-ke imithi izohluka kuye ngokuthi ubukuphi.
- Uhlobo lwe-parasite osuthelelekile ngayo: Ukwelashwa kungahluka ngohlobo olubi kakhulu, njenge-'P. falciparum'.
- Ubunzima besimo sakho: Uma isimo sibi kakhulu, kungadingeka ukuthi unikezwe imithi ye-intravenous (IV) futhi welashwe esibhedlela.
- Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukhulelwe noma uncelisa.
- iminyaka yakho.
Lezi ezinye zemithi evame ukunqunywa:
- I-Artemether-lumefantrine
- I-Atovaquone-proguanil
- I-Chloroquine noma i-hydroxychloroquine
- I-Doxycycline ( i-Doxycycline ) , i-tetracycline noma i-clindamycin
- I-Mefloquine
- I-Quinine
- I-Primaquine
- I-Tafenoquine
Unganikwa owodwa noma inhlanganisela yale mithi. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuphuza imithi njengoba nje udokotela wakho ekuyalele, isikhathi sonke senkambo. Ungayeki ukuthatha imithi phakathi nendawo ngoba nje uzizwa ungcono. Ukwenza kanjalo kungabangela ukuthi izimuncagazi ziphinde zivele.
Ungazivikela kanjani kumalariya?
Bathi, “Kungcono ukuvimbela isifo kunokuselapha.” Kunjalo nangomalaleveva. Kunezinto eziningana ongazenza ukuze uhlale uphephile kumalaleveva.
| Indlela yokuvimbela | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Imithi Yokuvimbela | Ngaphambi kokuba uye ezweni lapho i-malaria ivame khona, kufanele ubonane nodokotela. Uzokunikeza imithi ekhethekile okufanele uyithathe ngaphambi, ngesikhathi nangemva kohambo lwakho. Lokhu kunganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yakho yokuthola lesi sifo. |
| Ukuvikelwa ekulunyweni omiyane | Lokhu kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu. Sebenzisa isifutho sezinambuzane esine-DEET. Gqoka izingubo ezinde, eziphelele uma uphuma kusihlwa nasebusuku. Qiniseka ukuthi usebenzisa inethi yomiyane uma ulele. |
| Ukugoma | Umuthi wokugomela umalaleveva usuyatholakala. Okwamanje unconywa izingane ezincane ezihlala ezindaweni lapho umalaleveva uvame khona. Okwamanje awunconywa kubahambi. |
Nakuba umalaleveva uyisifo esibi kakhulu, kunezindlela zokuzivikela kuso. Uma sitholakala futhi selashwa kusenesikhathi, singalulama ngokuphelele. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuzivikela ekulunyweni omiyane. Uma uya ezweni lapho umalaleveva uvame khona, bona udokotela kusasele amasonto ambalwa ukuze uthole iseluleko esidingekayo kanye nemithi yokuvimbela. Futhi, uma uba nezimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane ngemva kokuhamba, zinganaki bese ucela iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Umalaleveva yisifo esibi esidluliselwa ngokulunywa umiyane ophethe igciwane elikhethekile.
- Umkhuhlane omkhulu, ukubanda, izinhlungu zomzimba, kanye nokukhathala okukhulu yizimpawu eziyinhloko.
- Uma usanda kuvakashela izwe elithandwa kakhulu yi-malaria futhi unomkhuhlane, cabanga ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi yi-malaria bese ubona udokotela wakho ngokushesha .
- Umalaleveva ungelapheka ngokuphelele ngemithi uma utholakale kusenesikhathi.
- Uma uhamba, ungazivikela kulesi sifo ngokusebenzisa amanethi omiyane, imithi yokuxosha omiyane, kanye nokuthatha imithi yokuvimbela.
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