Zicabange uhamba ibanga elide, mhlawumbe uya endaweni enamahlathi. Ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, uzizwa ugula kakhulu ngokuzumayo, uphethwe umkhuhlane omkhulu, ukuthuthumela, kanye nobuhlungu... Ungase ucabange, "O, lokhu mhlawumbe umkhuhlane ovamile," kodwa kungaba yinto engathi sína kakhulu. Yebo, namuhla sikhuluma nge-malaria, edluliselwa omiyane futhi ingaba yingozi empilweni uma ingelashwa kahle.
Iyini ngempela i-malaria?
Kalula nje, umalaleveva uyisifo esibangelwa yi-parasite. Lesi silwanyana singena emizimbeni yethu lapho umiyane onegciwane usiluma. Lokhu kungaba yingozi kakhulu ngezinye izikhathi. Nakuba umalaleveva usuqediwe kakhulu eSri Lanka, kusabalulekile ukuhlala usengozini. Lesi sifo sivame ukuvela kubantu abaya ezindaweni ezikude, ikakhulukazi e-Afrika naseNingizimu Asia, lapho ingozi yokuba umalaleveva iphezulu khona. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela lokhu.
Yini ebangela umalaleveva?
Umalaleveva ubangelwa yi-parasite eyingxenye yohlobo lwe
-Plasmodium . Lesi silwanyana sidluliselwa kithi yi-
Anopheles mosquito yesifazane. Uma umiyane onegciwane uluma wena, lezi zinambuzane zingena egazini lakho ngamathe omiyane. Kunezinhlobo eziningana ze-Plasmodium ezingadala umalaleveva kubantu. Ake sizibheke.
| Izinhlobo zezinambuzane | Amaphuzu abalulekile |
|---|
| I-Plasmodium falciparum | Lolu uhlobo oluyingozi kakhulu . Umalaleveva obangelwa yilokhu ungaba mubi kakhulu ngokushesha. Ungathinta ubuchopho futhi ubangele izifo ezibulalayo njengemalaleveva yobuchopho. |
| I-Plasmodium vivax (P. vivax) | Lolu hlobo lungahlala lungalapheki esibindini sakho futhi luphinde lubuye ezinyangeni, ngisho neminyaka, ngemva kokuba isifo sesiphelile. |
| I-Plasmodium ovale (P. ovale) | Lokhu kufana ne-P. vivax. Kungabangela nokuthi lesi sifo siphinde sibuye esibindini. |
| I-Plasmodium malariae (P. malariae) | Uma umalaleveva obangelwa yilokhu ungelashwa, ungaba yisifo esingamahlalakhona, esihlala isikhathi eside. |
| I-Plasmodium knowlesi (P. knowlesi) | Nakuba lolu uhlobo oluvame ukuhlasela izinkawu, sekutholakele ukuthi lungadluliselwa nakubantu. Lungasakazeka emzimbeni wonke emahoreni angama-24, ngakho-ke lungaba yingozi ngokushesha. |
I-malaria idluliselwa kanjani?
Umalaleveva uvame ukusabalala, njengoba sixoxile ngaphambili, ngokulunywa umiyane wesifazane onegciwane i-Anopheles.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi i-malaria ayisona isifo esingasakazeka kusuka komunye umuntu kuya komunye ngokuthinta noma ukuthimula , njengomkhuhlane noma umkhuhlane. Awukwazi ukusakaza lesi sifo ngokukhuluma noma ngokuba nomuntu onomalaleveva.
Kodwa-ke, akuvamile kakhulu, ukuthi ingadluliselwa ngezinye izindlela.
- Ukumpontshelwa igazi kumuntu onegciwane.
- Ukufakelwa isitho somzimba kumuntu onegciwane.
- Ngokwabelana ngezinaliti namasirinji anegciwane .
- Uma umama okhulelwe ene-malaria, umntwana angangenwa yileli gciwane ngaphambi noma ngesikhathi sokubeletha.
Ziyini izimpawu ze-malaria?
Izimpawu zivame ukuvela ezinsukwini eziyi-10 kuya kweziyi-15 ngemuva kokulunywa umiyane onegciwane. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kungathatha isikhathi eside. Lezi zimpawu zifana kakhulu nezomkhuhlane ovamile, ngakho-ke zingadideka kalula. Izimpawu eziyinhloko yilezi:
Kodwa-ke, uma lesi sifo siba sibi kakhulu, lezi zimpawu eziyingozi zingase zivele. Uma ubona lezi, kungcono ukungalibali. Funa Usizo Lwezokwelapha Ngokushesha!
| Izimpawu Eziyingozi | Okufanele ngikwenze |
- Ukudideka
- Ukudlikizela/Ukuquleka
- Ubunzima bokuphefumula
- Ukuphuzi kwamehlo nesikhumba (i-Jaundice)
- Umchamo omnyama noma igazi emchameni
- Ukopha okungavamile
| Uma unezinye zalezi zimpawu, hamba uye eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela ngokushesha. Lokhu kungaba yisimo sokuphila noma ukufa. |
Udokotela uwuthola kanjani umalaleveva?
Uma uya kudokotela, uzobuza ngezimpawu zakho, umlando wakho wakamuva wokuhamba, bese eyala ukuhlolwa okumbalwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi unesifo sikamalaleveva.- I-Blood smear: Lolu ukuhlolwa okubaluleke kakhulu nokunembile. Kuthathwa ithonsi legazi elivela emunweni wakho, lifakwe umbala ngendlela ekhethekile elabhorethri, bese lihlolwa ngaphansi kwe-microscope. Lokhu kunganquma ukuthi kukhona yini amagciwane egazini, futhi uma kunjalo, uhlobo luni.
- Ukuhlolwa Okusheshayo Kokuxilonga (RDT): Lokhu kufana nokuhlolwa kwe-antigen kwe-COVID-19. Imiphumela ingatholakala ngemizuzu embalwa. Kodwa-ke, kudingeka ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuze kuqinisekiswe.
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-PCR: Lokhu kuhlola ukuba khona kwe-DNA ye-malaria parasite egazini. Lokhu kungaqinisekisa uhlobo oluqondile lokutheleleka.
Ukwelashwa nokuvikelwa kumalariya
Iphathwa kanjani?
Uma kutholakale ukuthi unesifo somalaleveva, udokotela wakho uzoqala ukwelashwa okufanele. Uhlobo lomuthi ozolunikwa luzoncika ezintweni eziningana, okuhlanganisa uhlobo lwegciwane onalo, ubukhulu besifo, kanye nobudala bakho. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthatha umuthi owunikezwa udokotela wakho, ngesilinganiso esifanele, isikhathi esifanele, futhi ungayeki ukuwuthatha phakathi.
Ungazivikela kanjani?
Bathi, “Ukuvimbela kungcono kunokwelapha.” Ngakho-ke kunezinto ezimbalwa esingazenza ukuze sizivikele kuma-malaria.- Ukusetshenziswa kwamanethi omiyane: Kuphephile kakhulu ukusebenzisa inethi yomiyane enemithi uma ulele, ikakhulukazi uma usendaweni lapho i-malaria iyingozi khona.
- Izingubo zokumboza: Uma uzophuma kusihlwa nasebusuku, gqoka amabhulukwe amade nezingubo ezinemikhono emide.
- Izinto zokuxosha izinambuzane: Faka izinto zokuxosha izinambuzane esikhumbeni esiveziwe. Imikhiqizo equkethe i-DEET noma i-Picaridin iphumelela kakhulu.
- Kwabahambi: Uma uya ezweni lapho i-malaria iyingozi khona, xhumana nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuba uhambe. Ungase unikezwe imithi ekhethekile ongayithatha ngaphambi, ngesikhathi nangemva kohambo lwakho.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Umalaleveva yisifo esibangelwa yi-parasite esidluliselwa ngokulunywa umiyane onegciwane.
- Umkhuhlane omkhulu, ukubanda, kanye nokujuluka ngokweqile yizimpawu eziyinhloko.
- Uma uke waya endaweni enobungozi be-malaria futhi waba nezimpawu ezinjengalezi, bona udokotela ngokushesha ngaphandle kokulibala.
- Uma unezimpawu ezinzima njengokudideka, ukuxhuzula, noma ubunzima bokuphefumula, iya eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela ngokushesha.
- Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuzivikela kuma-malaria ukuzivikela kuma-mouse. Sebenzisa amanethi omiyane, izingubo ezimboza umzimba, kanye nesixosha omiyane.
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