Zicabange usanda kubuya ohambweni, mhlawumbe uye endaweni eseduze nehlathi elishisayo noma ehlathini. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kamuva, uqala ukuzizwa ungaphilile kahle—umkhuhlane ophakeme, ukuqhaqhazela, kanye nobuhlungu bomzimba... Nakuba ungase uwubheke njengomkhuhlane ovamile, kungaba yinto engathi sína kakhulu. Namuhla, sixoxa nge-malaria, isifo esithwalwa omiyane esingaba yingozi empilweni uma singelashwa ngokushesha.
Iyini ngempela i-malaria?
Kalula nje, umalaleveva yisifo esibangelwa yi-parasite. Lesi silwanyana singena emzimbeni wakho lapho umiyane onegciwane uluma. Singaba yingozi kakhulu uma singelashwa.
Nakuba izifunda eziningi zisebenze kanzima ukuqeda umalaleveva, kubalulekile ukuhlala uqaphile. Uma uhambela amazwe ase-Afrika, eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, noma kwezinye izifunda ezinengozi enkulu yokuba nomalaleveva, usengozini enkulu. Ukwaziswa kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuhlala uphephile.
Yini ebangela umalaleveva?
Umalaleveva ubangelwa yiqembu lezinambuzane ezibizwa ngokuthi iPlasmodium . Lezi zidluliselwa kubantu ngokulunywa umiyane wesifazane onegciwane i-Anopheles . Uma umiyane onegciwane uluma wena, lezi zinambuzane zingena egazini lakho ngamathe awo.
Kunezinhlobo eziningana zePlasmodium ezibangela umalaleveva kubantu. Ake sizibheke.
| Izinhlobo zezinambuzane | Imininingwane Eyinhloko |
|---|---|
| I-Plasmodium falciparum | Lolu uhlobo oluyingozi kakhulu . Lungakhula ngokushesha, lubangele izinkinga ezinkulu njengomalaleveva wobuchopho, okungaba yingozi uma lungelashwa ngokushesha. |
| I-P. vivax | Lesi silwanyana singahlala silele esibindini sakho, okungabangela ukubuyela emuva ezinyangeni noma ngisho neminyaka ngemva kokutheleleka kokuqala. |
| I-P. ovale | Njenge-P. vivax, ingahlala esibindini futhi ibangele izimpawu eziphindaphindayo. |
| I-P. malariae | Uma kungelashwa, lokhu kungaholela ekuthelelekeni okungapheli, impilo yonke. |
| P. knowlesi | Lolu hlobo, olutholakala kakhulu ezinkawini, lungathelela nabantu futhi lungathuthuka lube yizifo ezinzima ngokushesha okukhulu—ngezinye izikhathi zingakapheli amahora angama-24. |
I-malaria isakazeka kanjani?
Ngokuvamile, umalaleveva udluliselwa ngokulunywa umiyane wesifazane onegciwane i-Anopheles.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela: Umalaleveva awuthelelani njenge-umkhuhlane noma umkhuhlane ovamile . Awukwazi ukusabalala ngokuthintana okuvamile, ukuthimula, noma ukukhuluma nomuntu onawo.
Kodwa-ke, ezimweni ezingavamile, kungasakazeka ngalezi zindlela ezilandelayo:
- Ukumpontshelwa igazi okuvela kumuntu onikela ngegciwane.
- Ukufakelwa kwezitho zomzimba kusuka kumuntu onikelayo onegciwane.
- Ukwabelana ngezinaliti noma amasirinji angcolisiwe .
- Kusukela kumama okhulelwe kuya enganeni yakhe ngaphambi noma ngesikhathi sokubeletha.
Ziyini izimpawu ze-malaria?
Izimpawu zivame ukuvela ezinsukwini eziyi-10-15 ngemva kokulunywa okuthelelekile, yize kungathatha isikhathi eside. Ngenxa yokuthi lezi zimpawu zivame ukufana neminye imfiva, zingadideka kalula.
Izimpawu eziyinhloko zifaka:
- Umkhuhlane ophezulu
- Ukugodola nokuthuthumela
- Ukujuluka ngokweqile
- Ikhanda elibuhlungu
- Ukuhlanza kanye nesicanucanu
- Ubuhlungu bemisipha namalunga
- Uhudo
- Ukukhathala
Uma ukutheleleka kuba kubi kakhulu, ungase ube nezimpawu ezisongela ukuphila. Ungalibali uma uziqaphela.
| Izimpawu Eziyingozi | Kudingeka Isinyathelo |
| Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yikuphi kwalokhu, hamba uye emnyangweni wezimo eziphuthumayo oseduze ngokushesha. Lesi yisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha esisongela ukuphila. |
Odokotela bakuthola kanjani ukuthi unesifo sikamalaleveva?
Uma ubona umhlinzeki wezempilo, bazoxoxa ngezimpawu zakho kanye nomlando wohambo lwakho lwakamuva. Bangase ba-ode ukuhlolwa ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa:
- Ukugcotshwa Kwegazi: Ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile kwegolide. Isampula yegazi ihlolwa ngaphansi kwe-microscope elabhorethri ukuze kutholakale ubukhona kanye nohlobo lwe-parasite.
- Ukuhlolwa Okusheshayo Kokuxilonga (RDT): Njengokuhlolwa kwe-antigen, lokhu kunikeza imiphumela esheshayo ngemizuzu embalwa, yize kuvame ukuqinisekiswa nge-smear yegazi elandelayo.
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-PCR: Lokhu kuthola i-DNA ye-parasite egazini lakho futhi kunembile kakhulu ekuboneni izinhlobo ezithile ze-parasite.
Ukwelashwa Nokuvimbela
Iphathwa kanjani?
Uma kutholakale ukuthi unesifo somalaleveva, udokotela wakho uzokunikeza uhlelo lokwelashwa olufanele. Umuthi uncike ohlotsheni lwezinambuzane, ubukhali besifo, kanye nempilo yakho iyonke.
Okubaluleke kakhulu, qedela yonke imithi njengoba nje udokotela wakho ekuyalele. Ungalokothi uyeke ukwelashwa kwakho kusenesikhathi, noma ngabe uzizwa ungcono.
Ngingahlala kanjani ngivikelekile?
Ukuvimbela kungcono njalo kunokwelapha. Ukuze uzivikele kuma-malaria:
- Sebenzisa Amanethi Ombhede: Ukulala ngaphansi kwenethi yomiyane elashwe ngezibulala-zinambuzane kungenye yezindlela eziphumelela kakhulu zokuvimbela ukulunywa.
- Gqoka Izingubo Zokuzivikela: Uma ungaphandle, ikakhulukazi lapho kuhwalala futhi kusa, gqoka amahembe anemikhono emide namabhulukwe amade.
- Sebenzisa Izinto Zokuxosha Izinambuzane: Faka izinto zokuxosha eziqukethe i-DEET noma i-Picaridin esikhumbeni esiveziwe.
- Iseluleko Sokuhamba: Uma uya endaweni enobungozi obukhulu, xhumana nodokotela wakho kusengaphambili . Bangase bakunike imithi yokuvimbela (ukuvimbela) okufanele uyithathe ngaphambi, ngesikhathi nangemva kohambo lwakho.
Izinto Ezibalulekile Okufanele Uzicabangele
- Umalaleveva ukutheleleka okubangelwa yizinambuzane okusabalala ngokulunywa omiyane abathelelekile.
- Izimpawu zivame ukuhlanganisa umkhuhlane ophakeme, ukubanda, kanye nokujuluka okukhulu.
- Uma uba nezimpawu ngemva kokuya endaweni esengozini, funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha .
- Funa usizo oluphuthumayo uma ubhekene nezimpawu ezinzima njengokudideka, ukuxhuzula, noma ukucindezeleka kokuphefumula.
- Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela ukugwema ukulunywa omiyane ngokusebenzisa amanethi ombhede, izingubo zokuzivikela, kanye nemithi yokuxosha izinambuzane.
Umalaleveva, ukugula okuthwalwa omiyane, i-Plasmodium, i-Anopheles, izimpawu zomalaleveva, ukwelashwa komalaleveva
