Uzizwa wesaba kangakanani njengomama uma ubona amabala egazi enabukeni lomntwana wakho omncane? Noma ubuhlungu obuzwayo lapho umntwana wakho ekhala njalo ngoba enesifo sesisu. Kungaba nezizathu eziningi zalezi zimpawu. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi imbangela kuba ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa esingakuzwa kakhulu, kodwa kuvame kakhulu. Namuhla sikhuluma ngesinye isimo esinjalo, i-Meckel's diverticulum.
Iyini i-Meckel's Diverticulum?
Kalula nje, i-Meckel's diverticulum iyisikhwama esincane esakheka odongeni lwamathumbu ethu amancane. Lesi yisimo esiba khona lapho kuzalwa. Lokho kusho ukuthi sakha ngesikhathi umntwana esesesibelethweni. Sivame kakhulu. Cishe, izingane ezimbili noma ezintathu kweziyikhulu zizalwa zinalesi simo.
Cabanga ngamathumbu ethu njengepayipi elide. Uma ingxenye encane efana nesikhwama sepayipi iphuma odongeni, siyibiza ngokuthi i-diverticulum. Kodwa i-diverticulum kaMeckel ikhethekile kancane. Ngoba ngezinye izikhathi ngaphakathi kwalesi sikhwama esincane kungaba nezinye izinhlobo zezicubu ezingavamile ukutholakala emathunjini. Ukuze kube sobala, izinto ezifana nezicubu zesisu noma izicubu ze-pancreatic. Uma lolu hlobo lwezicubu ezivamile lutholakala endaweni lapho lungelulo khona, silubiza ngokuthi izicubu ze-ectopic kwezokwelapha.
Esikhathini esiningi, le Meckel's diverticulum ayibangeli zinkinga. Abanye abantu baphila impilo yabo yonke bengazi nokuthi banale nkinga. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kuvela izinkinga ngenxa yezicubu ezingaphandle kwesisu engikhulume ngazo ekuqaleni. Isibonelo, uma kukhona izicubu zesisu ngaphakathi kwaleso sikhwama esincane, siqala ukukhipha i-asidi njengesisu. Udonga lwamathumbu amancane alukwazi ukumelana nale asidi. Ngemuva kwalokho izilonda zingakheka lapho bese ziqala ukuphuma igazi.
Uyini "uMthetho wama-2" ohlobene nalokhu?
Enye indlela yokukhumbula kalula amaqiniso abalulekile mayelana ne-Meckel's diverticulum ukusebenzisa "umthetho wezinto ezimbili." Lokhu kusisiza sikhumbule izinto ezifana nokuthi lesi simo sivame kangakanani nokuthi ubani ositholayo.
| Amaqiniso "Omthetho Wezi-2" | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| 2% wabantu | Cishe u-2% wabantu bonke banalesi simo. |
| Ama-2% kuphela athola izinkinga | Abantu abangu-2% kuphela abanalokhu baba nezimpawu noma izinkinga (okungukuthi, abantu abangu-98 kwabayi-100 abanazo izinkinga). |
| Izimpawu zivela ngaphansi kweminyaka engu-2 | Uma kuvela izimpawu, zivame ukuba sezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka emibili ubudala. |
| Izikhathi ezimbili njengoba kuvamile kwabesilisa | Izingane zesilisa zinamathuba aphindwe kabili okuthola izinkinga ngenxa yalesi simo kunezingane zesifazane. |
| Itholakala cishe ngamamitha amabili ukusuka ekugcineni kwamathumbu amancane | Lesi sikhwama esincane sitholakala cishe ngamamitha amabili ukusuka lapho umathumbu amancane ehlangana khona nomathumbu amakhulu. |
| Izinhlobo ezimbili zezicubu ze-ectopic | Kungaba nezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zezicubu ezilahlekile (izicubu zesisu noma izicubu ze-pancreatic) ngaphakathi kwalokhu. |
Yiziphi izimpawu? Kunini lapho kufanele sibe nokungabaza khona?
Njengoba ngishilo ngaphambili, abantu abaningi abanazo izimpawu. Kodwa uma kuvela izinkinga ngandlela thile, khona-ke izimpawu ziyavela. Lezi zivame ukubonakala ebuntwaneni, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi zingavela ngisho nangemva kokuba umuntu ekhulile. Lezi yizinkinga eziyinhloko kanye nezimpawu ezihambisana nazo.
Ukopha Kwamathumbu
Lena inkinga evame kakhulu. I-asidi ekhishwa esicutshini sesisu esingaphandle kwesisu engikhulume ngaso ibangela ukuthi kwakheke izilonda odongeni lwamathumbu bese iqala ukuphuma igazi.
- Isici Esikhethekile: Ngokuvamile abukho ubuhlungu uma uphuma igazi ngale ndlela.
- Izimpawu ezinganeni: Izingane ezincane zingase zibone igazi elibomvu elimnyama endle yazo. Ngezinye izikhathi, indle ingaba nsomi ngokumnyama, ifane nejeli.
- Izimpawu kubantu abadala: Kwabantu abadala, indle ingaba mnyama, njenge-tar .
- Ngaphezu kwalokho: Njengoba ukopha kuqhubeka, ukutholakala kwegazi emzimbeni kungase kwehle, okuholela ekuntulekeni kwegazi . Lokhu kungabangela izimpawu ezifana nokuphaphatheka, ukukhathala kanye nesiyezi.
Ukutheleleka kwe-diverticulum (i-Diverticulitis)
Ngezinye izikhathi, izingcezu zendle ziyabhajwa ngaphakathi kwaleso sikhwama esincane, okubangela ukutheleleka ngamagciwane nokuvuvukala.
- Izimpawu: Lokhu kufana nobuhlungu be-appendicitis. Kukhona ubuhlungu obukhulu esiswini, ikakhulukazi eduze kwenkaba . Isisu siyavuvukala futhi sibuhlungu ukusithinta. Kungase kube nomkhuhlane.
Ukuvinjelwa Kwamathumbu
Lesi yisimo esingavamile kodwa esingaba yingozi. I-Meckel's diverticulum ingavimba ngokuphelele noma ingxenye yokudlula kokudla emathunjini amancane.
- Izimpawu: Ukugcwala kwesisu, ubuhlungu obukhulu besisu, isicanucanu, nokuhlanza.
- Indlela okwenzeka ngayo: Ngezinye izikhathi ucezu lwezicubu oluvela ku-diverticulum lungavimba amathumbu. Ngezinye izikhathi, isimo lapho ingxenye eyodwa yamathumbu ingena kwenye (intussusception) singavela.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi, uma ubona igazi esitulweni sengane yakho, ungalishayi indiva. Ngisho noma kungekho buhlungu, yiyise kudokotela ngokushesha.
Ingabe lezi zinkinga zingaba yingozi?
Yebo. Uma zingelashwa, lezi zinkinga zingasongela impilo. Isibonelo, ukopha okuqhubekayo kungaholela ekulahlekelweni kwegazi okukhulu kanye nokushaqeka. Futhi, uma inxeba lijulile futhi amathumbu ebhobokile, amagciwane asemathunjini angasakazeka kulo lonke umgodi wesisu, okubangela ukutheleleka okukhulu (i-sepsis). Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha nje lapho kuvela izimpawu.
Kungani lesi simo senzeka?
Lena indaba ethokozisayo kakhulu. Phakathi namasonto okuqala okukhula njengombungu esibelethweni sikamama, umntwana uthola ukondliwa okuthile okubizwa ngokuthi i-yolk sac. Kamuva, lapho i-placenta ikhula, isidingo salesi sikhwama sombungu siyanyamalala. Ithubhu elixhumanisa umbungu kanye ne-yolk sac (i-vitelline duct) kufanele linciphe futhi lingene emzimbeni ngalesi sikhathi.
Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi, leli payipi alinciphi ngokuphelele, bese kuba nengxenye encane yalo. Leyo ngxenye esele yilokho okusala emathunjini amancane njenge-Meckel's diverticulum. Ososayensi abakaqondi kahle ukuthi kungani leso zicubu ze-ectopic zakheka ngaphakathi kwalo.
Ungasibona kanjani lesi simo?
Abanye abantu bangase batholakale benayo ngengozi ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa ngesinye isizathu. Noma bangase baqale ukuyifuna kuphela lapho kuvela izimpawu. Odokotela bezingane, ikakhulukazi uma ingane engaphansi kweminyaka emibili inegazi elingenabuhlungu esitulweni sayo, bangase basole lesi simo. Kuye ngezimpawu, udokotela wakho angase ancome ukuhlolwa okukodwa noma ngaphezulu kwalokhu okulandelayo:
- I-Meckel's Scan: Lesi yisilingo esibaluleke kakhulu nesingcono kakhulu. Kulesi sivivinyo, umthamo omncane kakhulu, ophephile wento ekhipha imisebe ufakwa emthanjeni engalweni. Uma kukhona izicubu zesisu ngaphakathi kwe-Meckel's diverticulum, izicubu zimunca lesi sici. Ngemuva kwalokho, uma sibukwa ngekhamera ekhethekile (ikhamera ye-gamma), indawo kuphela lapho izicubu zitholakala khona ezokhanya kahle.
- I-Angiogram: Lokhu ukuhlolwa kwe-X-ray okukhethekile kwemithambo yegazi. Kungahlola noma yimiphi imithambo yegazi engavamile ehambisa igazi ku-Meckel's diverticulum noma noma yikuphi ukopha.
- I-Endoscopy: Ngezinye izikhathi, kusetshenziswa ithubhu elincane elifakwe ikhamera (i-enteroscopy) noma i-capsule encane efana nekhamera egwinywayo (i-capsule endoscopy) ukuhlola ingaphakathi lamathumbu. Endabeni yengane encane, le capsule yekhamera ifakwa emathunjini ngemva kokuhlinzwa.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha?
Uma kuvela izinkinga ngenxa ye-Meckel's diverticulum, okuwukuphela kwendlela yokwelapha engcono kakhulu ukususa ingxenye ye-diverticulum ngokuhlinzwa. Lokhu kuhlinzwa kubizwa ngokuthi ukususwa kwamathumbu amancane . Kalula nje, ingxenye encane yamathumbu equkethe i-diverticulum iyasikwa bese isuswa, bese kuthi izingxenye ezimbili ezisele zamathumbu zixhunywe kabusha.
Esikhathini esiningi, lokhu kuhlinzwa kwenziwa nge-laparoscopically . Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukuhlinzwa kwenziwa ngokusika okuncane esiswini, kunokuba kube nokusika okukhulu. Lokhu kuphumela ekupholeni okusheshayo nasekuncipheni kwezibazi.
Ngezinye izikhathi, noma ngabe azikho izimpawu, uma iskeni sithola izicubu zesisu ezingaphandle kwesisu ngaphakathi kwe-Meckel's diverticulum, udokotela wakho angase ancome ukuhlinzwa ukuze kususwe ukuze kuvinjelwe izinkinga zesikhathi esizayo.
Ngemva kokuhlinzwa, wena noma ingane yakho ngeke niphinde nikhathazeke ngale nkinga.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Meckel's diverticulum iyisifo esivame kakhulu, kodwa esivame ukungabi nangozi, esibangelwa ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa. Ezimweni ezingu-98 kwezingu-100, ayibangeli zinkinga.
- Uma ubona igazi elibomvu elimnyama esitulweni somntwana wakho ngaphandle kobuhlungu , kungaba uphawu lwe-Meckel's diverticulum.
- Izimpawu ezifana nobuhlungu obukhulu besisu esizungeze inkaba, umkhuhlane, nokuhlanza nazo zingase zihlotshaniswe nalokhu.
- Uma unezinye zalezi zimpawu, ungesabi futhi ubone udokotela ngokushesha. Uma kutholakale kusenesikhathi, lesi simo singalapheka ngokuphelele ngokuhlinzwa okulula.
- Uma ungumuntu omdala futhi ungakaze ube nezimpawu kuze kube manje, amathuba okuba nenkinga esikhathini esizayo mancane kakhulu.
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