Uma ubheka ubuso bakho esibukweni, ngokuzumayo ubona amabala ansundu ayengekho ngaphambili. Lawa mabala abonakala kakhulu ezihlathini zakho, ebunzini, nasemlonyeni ongaphezulu. Kuvamile ukuzizwa wesaba futhi ukhathazekile kancane uma uwabona. Isikhathi esiningi, lesi simo yilokho esikubiza ngokwezokwelapha ngokuthi "iMelasma." Lokhu akuyingozi, kodwa kuyacasula kancane. Ngakho-ke namuhla, ake sixoxe nge-melasma ngokucacile nangokulula.
Iyini ngempela iMelasma?
Kalula nje, i-melasma yisifo sesikhumba esivame kakhulu. Ibangela ukuthi kuvele amabala noma amabala ansundu ngokukhanyayo, onsundu omnyama, noma ngezinye izikhathi amabala aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ampunga ezindaweni ezithile zesikhumba sethu, ikakhulukazi ebusweni. Lezi akuzona izindawo eziphakanyisiwe zesikhumba, kodwa zimane nje ziyizinguquko embala wesikhumba.
Lezi zindawo zivame ukubonakala ezihlathini, ebunzini, ekhaleni, endebeni ephezulu, nasesilevini. Abanye abantu bangazithola ezingalweni nangemuva kwentamo. Lesi simo sivame kakhulu ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ngakho abanye abantu basibiza ngokuthi "imaski yokukhulelwa." Uma une-melasma, uzobona ukuthi lezi zindawo ziba mnyama ngesikhathi selanga futhi zinyamalale kancane ngesikhathi semvula.
Kungani lokhu kwenzeka? Kwenzekani ngaphakathi kwesikhumba sethu
Ukuze siqonde lokhu, ake sifunde kancane ngesikhumba sethu. Isikhumba sethu sinezingqimba ezintathu eziyinhloko. Ungqimba oluphezulu lubizwa ngokuthi i-epidermis. Kuku-epidermis lapho sithola khona uhlobo lweseli olunikeza isikhumba sethu umbala walo. Sizibiza ngokuthi ama-melanocytes .
Cabanga ngala ma-melanocyte njengezimboni ezincane ezikhiqiza umbala esikhumbeni sethu. Umbala okhiqizwa yilezi zimboni ubizwa ngokuthi i-melanin . Uma siphuma elangeni, isikhumba sethu siyaba mnyama ngoba ukukhiqizwa kwale melanin kuyanda.
Okwenzekayo kumuntu one-melasma ukuthi la maseli abizwa ngokuthi ama-melanocyte ezindaweni ezithile zesikhumba asebenza kakhudlwana. Lawa maseli akhuthazwa izinto ezifana nokukhanya kwelanga kanye nezinguquko zamahomoni, futhi akhiqiza i-melanin eningi kakhulu kulezo zindawo kuphela. Yilezo zindawo lapho i-melanin eningi ifakwa khona ezibonakala kithi njengamabala ansundu.
Ingabe zikhona izinhlobo ze-melasma?
Yebo, i-melasma ingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko kuye ngokujula kombala we-melanin obekwe esikhumbeni. Udokotela angalubona lolu hlobo esebenzisa ukukhanya okukhethekile (`Isibani sikaWood`).
| Uhlobo lwe-Melasma | Incazelo | Impendulo ekwelashweni |
|---|---|---|
| I-Epidermal | Inombala onsundu omnyama. Umngcele webala ubonakala kahle. Umbala ubekwe engxenyeni ephezulu yesikhumba. | Ukwelashwa kuvame ukuveza imiphumela emihle. |
| Isikhumba | Inombala onsundu okhanyayo noma oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Umngcele webala awucacile kahle. Umbala usengqimbeni ejulile yesikhumba. | Ayiphenduli kahle ekwelashweni futhi kunzima ukuyelapha. |
| Okuxubile | Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu. Kukhona amabala ansundu naluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Umbala ukhona kokubili ezingxenyeni zesikhumba ezingajulile nezingaphezulu. | Isabela ekwelashweni ngezinga elithile. |
Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthola i-melasma?
Nakuba noma ubani angaba ne-melasma, abanye abantu basengozini enkulu.
- Abesifazane: Abantu abangu-90% abathola i-melasma ngabesifazane. Akuvamile kakhulu kwabesilisa.
- Omama abakhulelwe: Ingozi yokuba ne-melasma iphezulu kakhulu ngenxa yezinguquko zamahomoni ezenzeka emzimbeni ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
- Abantu abanesikhumba esimnyama: Abantu abanesikhumba esinsundu esinombala onsundu kancane banamathuba amaningi okuthola i-melasma kunalabo abanesikhumba esikhanyayo.
- Abantu abaphuza amaphilisi okuvimbela inzalo: Ama-hormone asemaphilisini okuvimbela inzalo (`Oral Contraceptives`) nawo angabangela noma abe mabi kakhulu i-melasma.
- Uma othile emndenini wakho enayo: Uma isihlobo esiseduze, njengomama noma udadewenu, sine-melasma, unethuba elincane lokuba nayo ibe nayo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kunethonya lezakhi zofuzo.
Ingabe lokhu kungaba umdlavuza? Ingabe kuyalimaza?
Lokhu kuyikwesaba okukhulu nokungabaza kubantu abaningi. Kodwa impendulo yalokhu icacile kakhulu.
I-Melasma ayiyona umdlavuza. Ayikaze iphenduke umdlavuza. Ayibangeli ukulunywa, ubuhlungu, noma ukungakhululeki.
Kodwa-ke, kukhona okubalulekile okufanele ukwazi lapha. Ngezinye izikhathi umdlavuza wesikhumba ungabonakala njenge-melasma. Ngakho-ke, uma unesikhala esisha futhi usola ngaso, kungcono futhi kuphephe kakhulu ukubona udokotela, ikakhulukazi udokotela wesikhumba, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi yilokho kanye okuyikho.
Yiziphi izimbangela eziyinhloko ze-melasma?
Ayikho imbangela eyodwa ye-melasma. Kungaba yinhlanganisela yezici eziningana.
- Ukukhanya kwelanga: Lesi yisitha esikhulu. Imisebe ye-ultraviolet (UV) elangeni ivuselela amangqamuzana akhiqiza i-melanin. Yingakho amabala eba mnyama uma umuntu one-melasma efika elangeni.
- Izinguquko zama-hormone: Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, amaphilisi okuvimbela inzalo, kanye nokwelashwa ngama-hormone, amazinga e-estrogen kanye ne-progesterone emzimbeni ayashintsha. Lezi zinguquko zithinta ngqo i-melasma.
- Izimonyo eziyingozi: Ezinye izinsipho ezinephunga elimnandi, izimonyo, kanye nemikhiqizo yokunakekela isikhumba enokungezwani nesikhumba nakho kungandisa i-melasma.
- Imithi ethile: Eminye imithi yesifo sokuwa kanye nemithi eyenza isikhumba sizwele elangeni (imithi enobuthi) nayo ingabangela i-melasma.
- Ukukhanya okuvela ezikrinini ze-LED: Sekutholakale ukuthi ukuchayeka isikhathi eside ekukhanyeni okukhishwa ocingweni, kuma-laptop, kumathebhulethi, nasezikrinini ze-TV esizisebenzisayo usuku lonke nakho kungaba nomthelela othile ku-melasma.
- Izinkinga ze-thyroid: Abantu abane-hypothyroidism nabo basengozini yokuthola i-melasma.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-melasma?
I-Melasma yisimo esingaba nzima ukuselapha futhi esidinga isineke. Ngezinye izikhathi, ikakhulukazi ngemva kokukhulelwa, la mabala ayaphela ngokwawo. Kodwa lokho akwenzeki kuwo wonke umuntu.
Uma sikhuluma ngokwelashwa, into yokuqala okudingeka siyenze ukuvimbela isimo ukuba singabi sibi kakhulu.
1. Ukuvikelwa elangeni (lokhu kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu!)
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi wenza luphi uhlobo lokwelashwa, uma ungazivikeli elangeni, konke kuzophela.
- Sebenzisa isithako sokuvikela ilanga nsuku zonke: Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kunelanga, kunamafu, noma ngisho nangaphakathi endlini, kwenze umkhuba ukusebenzisa isithako sokuvikela ilanga ekuseni. Khetha esisodwa okungenani esine -SPF 30-50 .
- Phinda ufake i-sunscreen njalo emahoreni amabili kuya kwamathathu: Kufanele uphinde ufake i-sunscreen, ikakhulukazi uma ujuluka noma usebenza ngaphandle.
- Sebenzisa isigqoko esibanzi nesambulela:Gwema ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile ebusweni bakho noma nini lapho kungenzeka.
2. Izinhlobo Zemithi Yokwelapha Engaphandle
Udokotela uzohlola isimo sakho bese ekubhalela ukhilimu ofanele. Lokhu kusebenza ngokulawula ukukhiqizwa kombala wesikhumba.
- I-Hydroquinone: Umuthi ovame ukusetshenziswa we-melasma.
- I-Azelaic acid: Umuthi ophephile ongasetshenziswa nabesifazane abakhulelwe.
- I-Tretinoin: Lona futhi umuthi osiza ukuvuselela amangqamuzana esikhumba.
- Ezinye izithako: Kukhona futhi okhilimu abaqukethe izinto ezifana ne-vitamin C, i-kojic acid, kanye ne-tranexamic acid.
Kubaluleke kakhulu: Ungalokothi uthenge lezi zinhlobo zezimonyo ekhemisi futhi uzisebenzise ngaphandle kweseluleko sikadokotela. Ezinye izimonyo zingadala umonakalo omkhulu esikhumbeni uma zisetshenziswa ngendlela engafanele. Ngakho-ke, qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela futhi usebenzise kuphela lokho akuyalele kona.
3. Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha
Uma izimonyo zodwa zinganikezi imiphumela, kunezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezingase zenziwe odokotela besikhumba.
- I-Chemical peel: Indlela yokususa ungqimba oluphezulu lwesikhumba usebenzisa ikhemikhali ekhethekile.
- Ukwelashwa nge-laser: Indlela yokususa umbala owengeziwe esikhumbeni usebenzisa imisebe yokukhanya.
Lokhu kwelashwa kwe-melasma kufanele kwenziwe nguchwepheshe onolwazi noqeqeshiwe , ngaphandle kwalokho isimo singase sibe sibi kakhulu.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Melasma ayiyona umdlavuza. Yisimo sesikhumba esingenangozi nesivamile esithinta abantu abaningi. Ungasesabi ngokungadingekile.
- Isitha sakho esikhulu yilanga. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi usebenzisa luphi uhlobo lokwelashwa, uma ungazivikeli elangeni, ngeke uthole miphumela. Sebenzisa umuthi omuhle wokuvikela ilanga nsuku zonke, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi likhanya noma cha.
- Kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi ivele ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa noma uma uthatha amaphilisi okuvimbela inzalo. I-Melasma evele ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa ingase inyamalale yodwa zingakapheli izinyanga ezimbalwa ngemva kokubeletha.
- Ngaphambi kokuqala noma yikuphi ukwelashwa , qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela, okungcono kakhulu udokotela wesikhumba. Ungafaki noma yimaphi ama-cream aqinile ebusweni bakho.
- Ukwelashwa kwe-melasma kuthatha isikhathi. Awukwazi ukulindela imiphumela ngobusuku obubodwa. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba nesineke ngokwelashwa .
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