Ake sifunde kabanzi nge-Meningoencephalitis, ethinta ubuchopho bakho kanye nokwembozwa kobuchopho bakho.

Ubuchopho bungenye yezitho ezibaluleke kakhulu emzimbeni wethu. Ngakho-ke kuthiwani uma ubuchopho bugula? Cabanga nje ukuthi kungaba yingozi kangakanani. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngesifo esinjengaleso, esibi kancane, kodwa uma wazi kahle ukuthi yini okufanele uyenze, ungathatha isinyathelo ngokushesha. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-meningoencephalitis . Ngezinye izikhathi odokotela bakubiza nangokuthi i-encephalomeningitis.

Ngakho-ke iyini i-meningoencephalitis?

Kalula nje, i-meningoencephalitis iyisimo esingavamile, kodwa esingaba yingozi empilweni lapho uthola khona kokubili i-meningitis kanye ne-encephalitis ngesikhathi esisodwa.

Manje ake sibheke ukuthi yini i-meningitis kanye ne-encephalitis ngokwehlukana.

• I-Meningitis ukutheleleka kanye nokuvuvukala kwezicubu ezivikelayo (ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-meninges) ezizungeze ubuchopho bakho kanye nomgogodla (intambo yemizwa engaphakathi komgogodla wakho). Lawa ma-meninges avikela futhi asekele ubuchopho bakho kanye nomgogodla ekulimaleni.
• I-Encephalitis ukuvuvukala noma ukutheleleka ngaphakathi kwezicubu zobuchopho.

Ngakho-ke, uma lezi zimo ezimbili zihlangana, kuvela i-meningoencephalitis. Lesi yisimo esibi kakhulu esingathinta noma ubani wanoma yimuphi ubudala, ngisho nezingane ezincane kakhulu .

Yiziphi izimbangela eziyinhloko ze-meningoencephalitis?

Kunezinhlobo eziningana ze-meningoencephalitis kuye ngokuthi imbangela yesifo ibangelwa yini. Kodwa ngokuvamile ibangelwa ukutheleleka. Okungukuthi, ukutheleleka okubangelwa amagciwane, amabhaktheriya, isikhunta, noma i-amoeba. Ngezinye izikhathi kungabangelwa izifo ezibangelwa amasosha omzimba, isibonelo, i-autoimmune encephalitis noma i-meningoencephalitis, noma njengomphumela ongemuhle wemithi ethile (njengokwelashwa kwe-immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy).

Ake sibheke ezinye zezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zokutheleleka:

• I-meningoencephalitis yamabhaktheriya: Lokhu kubangelwa ukutheleleka ngamagciwane. Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zamabhaktheriya ezibangela lokhu yi-Neisseria meningitidis (ebizwa nangokuthi isifo se-meningococcal), i-Streptococcus pneumoniae, kanye ne-Haemophilus influenzae type b.
• I-Cryptococcal meningoencephalitis: Lokhu ukutheleleka kwesikhunta. Kwenzeka lapho uhlobo lwesikhunta olubizwa ngokuthi i-Cryptococcus luthinta ubuchopho bakho kanye/noma amaphaphu.
• I-Herpetic meningoencephalitis (HME):Kungabangelwa ukutheleleka ngegciwane le-herpes. Ngokuvamile kubangelwa igciwane le-herpes simplex uhlobo 1 (HSV1) – igciwane elibangela izilonda zomkhuhlane. Kodwa-ke, lingabangelwa futhi yigciwane le-herpes simplex uhlobo 2 (HSV2). Ngezinye izikhathi i-meningoencephalitis iyenzeka ngesikhathi sokutheleleka kokuqala, kodwa kaningi ibangelwa ukuvuselelwa kwegciwane elivela ekuthelelekeni kwangaphambilini.
• I-Primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM): Lokhu kubangelwa yi-amoeba ebizwa ngokuthi i-Naegleria fowleri. Le amoeba ihlala emhlabeni wonke, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinamanzi afudumele namanzi ahlanzekile njengamachibi, imifula, kanye nemithombo yamanzi ashisayo. Abanye abantu bayibiza ngokuthi "i-amoeba edla ubuchopho," futhi iyingozi ngendlela efanayo.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-meningoencephalitis?

Izimpawu zalesi sifo zivame ukuvela ngokushesha kakhulu futhi zingaba zimbi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela lezi zimpawu.

Izimpawu ezivamile:

• Ikhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu.
• Ukuqina kwentamo noma ubuhlungu bentamo.
• Imfiva.
• Ukukhathala okukhulu.
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza.
• Ubuthakathaka bemisipha.
• Ubunzima bokukhuluma.
• Ukuzwela ukukhanya, okusho ubunzima bokubheka ukukhanya (i-photophobia).
• Ubunzima bokucabanga ngokucacile.
• Izinguquko ebuntwini nasekuziphatheni.
• Ukubona izinto ezingekho – ikakhulukazi ukubona izinto ezingekho kanye/noma ukuzwa izinto ezingekho.
• Ukuquleka.
• Ukungazi lutho.

Uma umntwana omncane eba nalesi sifo, angase abonise nalezi zimpawu ezengeziwe:

• Ukuvela kwebunzi (njengokuvuvukala).
• Ubunzima bokuphuza ubisi.
• Ukulala ngokweqile noma ubunzima bokuvuka.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha uma wena noma ingane yakho ninesinye salezi zimpawu. I-Meningoencephalitis iyisifo esisongela ukuphila, ngakho-ke ukwelashwa okusheshayo kubalulekile!

Ingabe i-meningoencephalitis iyathelelana?

I-Meningoencephalitis, ukuvuvukala kobuchopho kanye ne-meninges , ayithelelani ngqo. Kodwa-ke, ezinye zezifo ezibangela lokhu zingaba yizo. Isibonelo, amabhaktheriya amaningi namagciwane (njengegciwane le-herpes simplex) abangela i-meningoencephalitis angasakazeka kusuka komunye umuntu aye komunye.

Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthola lesi sifo?

Abantu abanamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka ngokuvamile basengozini enkulu yokuthola i-meningoencephalitis ebangelwa ukutheleleka.

Izimo nezici ezenza buthaka isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela:

• Ubudala: Izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka emi-5 ubudala kanye nabantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala bavame ukuba nesimiso somzimba esibuthakathaka. Izinsana zisengozini enkulu yokuthola lesi sifo.
• Ukutheleleka nge-HIV (igciwane lokuntuleka kwamandla omzimba womuntu): Isibonelo, i-cryptococcal meningoencephalitis ivame ukuthinta abantu abane-HIV enzima.
• Ukuthatha imithi yokucindezela amasosha omzimba: Kubantu abaye bafakelwa izitho zomzimba, bafakelwa amaseli e-stem, noma abathatha le mithi yezifo ezithile zokuzivikela komzimba.
• Ukwelashwa komdlavuza nomdlavuza: njengokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kanye nokwelashwa ngemisebe.
• Isifo sokuntuleka kwamasosha omzimba esiyinhloko (i-PIDD)
• Ezinye izifo ezihlasela amasosha omzimba: Izibonelo zifaka phakathi i-psoriasis, isifo sikaCrohn, kanye ne-lupus.
• Inkinga yokusebenzisa utshwala.

Uma ucabanga ukuthi amasosha omzimba wakho abuthakathaka, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngezindlela zokuhlala uphilile futhi ugweme izifo ezinkulu.

Itholakala kanjani i-Meningoencephalitis?

Uma wena noma ingane yakho ninezimpawu ze-meningoencephalitis, odokotela bazosebenza ngokushesha ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa. Bazokwenza ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba kanye nokuhlolwa kwezinzwa. Bazokubuza nangezimpawu zakho, njengokuthi zaqala kanjani nokuthi zaqala nini.

Nazi ezinye izivivinyo ezenziwayo ukuqinisekisa lesi sifo:

• Ukuhlolwa koketshezi lomzimba: Uketshezi oluhlukahlukene lomzimba, njengomchamo, igazi, namathe, kuyahlolwa ukuze kubhekwe izimpawu zokutheleleka (njengokwanda kwenani lamaseli amhlophe egazi). Lokhu kuhlolwa kungaphinde kuhlonze uhlobo lokutheleleka.
• Ukumpompa komgogodla (ukubhoboza i-lumbar): Kulesi sivivinyo, udokotela wakho ufaka inalithi encane emhlane wakho ongezansi bese ethatha isampula yoketshezi lwe-cerebrospinal (CSF). Lolu ketshezi luhlolwa elebhu ukuze kubhekwe amagciwane, isikhunta, noma amaseli angajwayelekile, kanye nezinhlobo namazinga amaprotheni namaseli amhlophe egazi. Lokhu kuhlolwa kwe-CSF kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukuhlukanisa i-meningoencephalitis kwezinye izimo, njengobuthi egazini noma i-sepsis.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-EEG (electroencephalogram): I-EEG ilinganisa futhi iqophe izimpawu zikagesi ebuchosheni bakho. Odokotela bayisebenzisela ukufuna izinkinga ngokusebenza kobuchopho ukuze bathole noma bahlole i-meningoencephalitis.
• I-CT scan: I-CT scan iyisivivinyo esisebenzisa uchungechunge lwe-X-ray kanye nekhompyutha ukwenza izithombe ezinemininingwane zengaphakathi lomzimba wakho. Ingabonisa izinkinga ezifana nokuqhekeka kwegazi, ukuvuvukala, kanye nokutheleleka ebuchosheni noma emaphashini.
• Iskeni se-MRI (magnetic resonance imaging):I-MRI scan iyisivivinyo esisebenzisa i-magnet enkulu, amaza omsakazo, kanye nekhompyutha ukuthatha izithombe ezinemininingwane. Njenge-CT scan, ingabonisa izinkinga ebuchosheni noma kuma-meninges. I-MRI ilungele izingane ezincane ngoba ayisebenzisi imisebe.

Iphathwa kanjani i-meningoencephalitis?

Ukwelashwa kwalesi simo kuyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi imbangela kanye nobunzima besimo. Ezimweni eziningi, kudingeka ukulaliswa esibhedlela ukuze kutholakale ukwelashwa.

Izindlela eziningana zokwelapha:

• Imithi yokwelapha ukutheleleka okuyisisekelo: Isibonelo, imithi yokulwa namagciwane iyadingeka ye-cryptococcal meningoencephalitis. Imithi yokulwa namagciwane, njenge-acyclovir, isetshenziselwa i-herpetic meningoencephalitis.
• Imithi yokuvimbela ukuquleka: Imithi efana ne-dilantin noma i-phenytoin inikezwa ukuvimbela noma ukwelapha ukuquleka okubangelwa yi-meningoencephalitis.
• Ama-Corticosteroids kanye nama-diuretics: Ama-Corticosteroids, njenge-Decadron, angasiza ekunciphiseni ukuvuvukala. Angasiza futhi ekuvimbeleni ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa okungenzeka nge-meningoencephalitis.
• Ukugeleza koketshezi lwe-cerebrospinal: Lokhu kusiza futhi ukunciphisa ingcindezi ngaphakathi kwekhanda.
• Iziqeda-zinhlungu kanye/noma izithomalalisi: Le mithi ingasetshenziswa ezimweni zokuvuvukala okukhulu.

Ithimba lezokwelapha lizokuqapha ngokucophelela ngesikhathi uhlala esibhedlela. Lizothatha izinyathelo ezidingekayo zanoma yiziphi izinkinga noma izinkinga ongase ube nazo.

Lingakanani izinga lokululama komuntu one-meningoencephalitis?

Isibikezelo sokululama kulesi sifo sincike embangela yesifo, ubukhali baso, kanye nokuthi ukwelashwa kutholwa ngokushesha kangakanani.

Kulabo abasinda ku-cryptococcal meningoencephalitis, cishe ama-69% anokukhubazeka kwengqondo (ukucabanga) kanye/noma ngokomzimba ezinyangeni eziyi-12 ngemuva kokuxilongwa. Phakathi kwama-50% nama-70% alabo abathola i-herpetic meningoencephalitis bangase babe nokulimala kobuchopho okungapheli, ukukhubazeka kwezinzwa, noma i-coma.

Kodwa-ke, labo abanesifo esingesibi kangako futhi abathola ukwelashwa kusenesikhathi banamathuba amaningi okuba nezinkinga ezimbalwa.

Ingabe i-Meningoencephalitis ingavinjelwa?

Akuzona zonke izimo ze-meningoencephalitis ezingavinjelwa. Kodwa-ke, indlela engcono kakhulu yokunciphisa ingozi yakho ukuzama ukuhlala uphilile futhi uhlale kude namagciwane, amagciwane kanye nesikhunta esibangela ukutheleleka.

Nazi ezinye izindlela ongazivikela ngazo wena nabanye ekuthelelekeni:

• Geza izandla zakho kahle ngensipho njalo.
• Mboza umlomo nekhala lakho uma ukhwehlela noma uthimula.
• Hlanza izindawo ezivame ukuthintwa (njengezibambo zomnyango, iziqongo zetafula) ngesibulali-magciwane.
• Nciphisa noma uyeke ngokuphelele ukuxhumana nabantu abanesifo esithathelwanayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi wena noma omunye umuntu uyagula.
• Gwema ukugeza noma ukuphuza amanzi angase abe namagciwane. Uma usebenzisa ukunisela ngamakhala, sebenzisa amanzi acwengekile noma ahlanziwe.
• Sebenzisa amakhondomu ukuze uzivikele ezifweni ezithathelwana ngocansi (ama-STI) futhi uhlolwe ama-STI njalo.
• Gqoka imaski ezindaweni ezinothuli, njengasezindaweni zokwakha, futhi uhlale endlini ngesikhathi seziphepho zothuli. Uma uhlala endaweni lapho ukutheleleka ngefungus kuvame khona, thatha izinyathelo zokuphepha ezengeziwe.
• Hlala uthintana nodokotela ukuze uthole iseluleko, ikakhulukazi uma amasosha omzimba wakho ebuthakathaka (engavikelekile).
• Uma uya kwamanye amazwe, funda ukuthi ungazivikela kanjani ezifweni ezithathelwanayo ezivame kakhulu kulawo mazwe.

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule

I-Meningoencephalitis iyisifo esibi kakhulu, esisongela impilo. Uma wena noma ingane yakho ninayo noma iyiphi yalezi zimpawu, funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha. Ukwelashwa kusenesikhathi kuyithuba elihle kakhulu lokuthola umphumela omuhle. Uma usengozini enkulu yokuthola ukutheleleka, khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nendlela yokunciphisa ingozi yakho futhi uhlale uphilile. Sithemba ukuthi lolu lwazi luzokusiza. Hlala uphilile!

i- meningoencephalitis, ukutheleleka kobuchopho, i-meningitis, i-encephalitis, umkhuhlane wobuchopho, isifo sezinzwa, isifo esithathelwanayo