Umdlavuza usakazekela kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba - Ake sifunde ngokusabalala kwamagciwane emzimbeni

Cishe uke wezwa igama elithi "metastasis," ikakhulukazi uma kukhulunywa ngomdlavuza. Liyigama elesabekayo. Kodwa uma uliqonda kahle , ungalinciphisa kancane lelo valo. Ngakho-ke namuhla, ake sixoxe ngokuthi kuyini ukusabalala, kwenzeka kanjani, nokuthi yiziphi izinto ezibalulekile okufanele uzazi ngakho.

Kuyini i-Metastasis? Ake sikuqonde kalula.

Kalula nje, i-metastasis ukusabalala komdlavuza kusukela lapho waqala khona ukuya kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba, okungukuthi, kwezinye izitho zomzimba. Cabanga ngakho njengesitshalo esincane esiqala endaweni eyodwa futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, sisakazeka futhi sikhule izitshalo ezintsha. Cishe zonke izinhlobo zomdlavuza zinekhono elithile lokusabalala ngale ndlela. Kodwa-ke, ukuthi usakazeka noma cha kuncike ezintweni eziningana. Isibonelo, uhlobo lomdlavuza, ubukhulu bawo, kanye nalapho umdlavuza waqala khona - siwubiza ngokuthi 'isimila esiyinhloko' - zonke lezi zici zidlala indima.

Manje, bheka, kunezindlela ezintathu eziyinhloko la maseli omdlavuza angahamba ngazo aye kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba:

• Indlela yokuqala: Amaseli omdlavuza angakhula ngqo ezicutshini ezizungeze isimila esiyinhloko, njengokungathi akhipha izimpande.
• Indlela yesibili: Lawa maseli omdlavuza ahamba ngegazi, okungukuthi, ohlelweni lokujikeleza kwegazi , aye kwezinye izitho ezisezingxenyeni ezikude zomzimba, njengesibindi, amaphaphu, ubuchopho namathambo.
• Indlela yesithathu: Ngohlelo lwe-lymphatic . Lolu olunye uhlelo olubalulekile emzimbeni wethu. Ngale ndlela, amangqamuzana omdlavuza angasakazeka kuma-lymph node aseduze futhi ngezinye izikhathi akude.

Yimaphi amanye amagama e-metastasis?

Odokotela basebenzisa amanye amagama amaningana ekusabalaleni kwezicubu. Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa la mazwi:

• Umdlavuza we-Metastatic
• Umdlavuza weSigaba IV (4)
• Umdlavuza wesibili
• Ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa nangokuthi umdlavuza ngamafuphi ngokuthi “ama-mets”.

Noma ngabe yiliphi igama, lisho into efanayo.

Yiziphi izinhlobo zomdlavuza ezisakazeka kanje (i-metastasize)?

Eqinisweni, noma yiluphi uhlobo lomdlavuza lunamandla okusabalala, noma ukusabalala, ngale ndlela. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza zibonakala zisabalala kakhulu kunezinye. Nazi ezinye zezinhlobo zomdlavuza ezivame ukusabalala:

• Umdlavuza webele
• Umdlavuza we-Colorectal
• Umdlavuza we-Esophageal
• Umdlavuza wamaphaphu
• Umdlavuza wesibeletho
• Umdlavuza we-pancreatic
• Umdlavuza we-prostate
• Umdlavuza wesikhumba, ikakhulukazi i-melanoma
• Umdlavuza wesisu
• Umdlavuza wesibeletho

Ungakhathazeki ngalolu hlu. Lokhu akusho ukuthi zonke lezi zinhlanzana zizosakazeka uma zikhula. Kodwa kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi lezi zinhlobo zinamandla okwenza kanjalo.

Umdlavuza usakazeka kuphi okokuqala?

Uma umdlavuza usakazeka, isitho oya kuso kuqala sivame ukunqunywa yi- tumor eyinhloko , indawo lapho umdlavuza waqala khona. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uhlobo ngalunye lomdlavuza lunokukhetha ukusakazeka kulo. Nazi ezinye zezindawo ezivame kakhulu lapho umdlavuza usakazeka khona:

• Izindlala ze-adrenal (lezi yizindlala ezincane ezitholakala phezu kwezinso zethu)
• Amathambo
• Ubuchopho
• Isibindi
• Amaphaphu
• Ama-lymph node
• I-Peritoneum (lena i-membrane encane emboza izitho zesisu)

Isibonelo, umdlavuza webele uvame ukusabalala emathanjeni, emaphashini, esibindini nasebuchosheni. Ngokufanayo, umdlavuza wamathumbu ungasabalala esibindini nasemaphashini.

Ziyini izimpawu zomdlavuza osakazeka kalula?

Ukusabalala kwe-metastasis akuhlali kubangela izimpawu ezinkulu. Ngezinye izikhathi amangqamuzana omdlavuza angasakazeka izinyanga noma ngisho neminyaka. Ngakho-ke, abanye abantu bangase bangazi ukuthi banomdlavuza wesigaba sesi-IV .

Kodwa-ke, kunezimpawu eziningana ezivamile ezivame ukubonakala nge-metastasis:

• Ukuzizwa ukhathele kakhulu, ukukhathala okukhulu
• Ukujuluka ebusuku
• Ukwehlisa isisindo okungachazeki

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimpawu zingahluka kuye ngokuthi umdlavuza wawukuphi ekuqaleni nokuthi usakazeke kuphi. Cabanga ngalokhu:

• Uma umdlavuza ususakazekele esibindini (i-metastases yesibindi) , izimpawu zingase zihlanganise: ukuqunjelwa, ukuvuvukala kwesisu, ukulahlekelwa isifiso sokudla, ukuzizwa usuthi ngisho nangemva kokudla okuncane, kanye nokwenzeka nge-jaundice (ukuphuzi kwamehlo nesikhumba).
• Uma umdlavuza ususakazekele emathanjeni (ukusabalala kwamathambo) : Ubuhlungu bamathambo kanye nokuqhekeka kalula kungenzeka.
• Uma umdlavuza ususakazekele ebuchosheni (ukusabalala kobuchopho) , izimpawu ezifana nokuzungeza, ikhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu, kanye nokuxhuzula zingase zibe khona.
• Uma umdlavuza ususakazekele emaphashini (amaphaphu e-metastases) , kungase kube nezimpawu ezifana nokuphelelwa umoya kanye nokukhwehlela okuqhubekayo.

Okubalulekile: Ukuba nalezi zimpawu akusho ukuthi unomdlavuza osakazeke kakhulu. Zingabangelwa nezinye izinkinga zempilo. Kodwa-ke, uma lezi zimpawu ziqhubeka, kungcono ukubona udokotela ukuze uthole iseluleko.

Ziyini izimbangela ze-metastasis?

I-Metastasis inqubo lapho amangqamuzana omdlavuza ehlukana nesimila esiyinhloko bese eya kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba. Njengoba sixoxile ngaphambili, lawa maseli ahamba ngegazi noma ohlelweni lwe-lymphatic.

Kunezici eziningana ezingathonya ukusabalala kwamaseli omdlavuza ngale ndlela, okungukuthi, ukukhuthaza le nqubo. Ososayensi basacwaninga ngalokhu. Ngokwazi kwethu, lezi zici zingaba:

• Isimiso somzimba esibuthakathaka .
• Ukuntuleka komoya-mpilo ezicutshini (i-Hypoxia) .
• Ukwanda kwe-lactic acid egazini (i-Lactic acidosis) .
• Ezinye izinguquko enqubweni yokufa kweseli ebizwa ngokuthi i-autophagy . (Lezi yizinqubo zebhayoloji eziyinkimbinkimbi ngandlela thile.)

Lezi zinto zisiza amangqamuzana omdlavuza ukubaleka esimila sawo sokuqala, athuthele ezindaweni ezintsha, futhi akhe amakoloni amasha lapho.

Umdlavuza we-metastatic utholakala kanjani?

Kwabanye abantu, lapho beqala ukutholwa benomdlavuza, kungenzeka ukuthi usesigabeni sokusabalala kwamangqamuzana, okusho ukuthi ususakazekele kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba. Uma kunjalo, udokotela uzobona la mangqamuzana ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kokuqala abakwenzayo.

Kwabanye abantu, ukusabalala kwe-metastasis kungenzeka ngemva kokuba umdlavuza wokuqala usulashiwe. Yingakho odokotela bevame ukuncoma ukuhlolwa okulandelayo ngemva kokwelashwa komdlavuza. Ngaleso sikhathi, bahlola ukuthi umdlavuza uphinde wavela noma usakazeke yini.

Yiziphi izivivinyo ezenziwayo ukuthola i-metastasis?

Uma udokotela wakho esola ukuthi umdlavuza usuqalile ukusabalala, angenza olunye noma ngaphezulu lwalezi zivivinyo ukuze aqinisekise lokhu:

• I-Biopsy: Lokhu kuhilela ukuthatha ingxenye encane yezicubu endaweni esolisayo bese uyihlola ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu. Lokhu kungasiza ekunqumeni ukuthi akhona yini amangqamuzana omdlavuza nokuthi aluhlobo luni.
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Kwezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza, izinto ezithile egazini (njengezimpawu zomdlavuza ) ziyanda. Zinganikeza nombono wokuthi izitho zomzimba (njengesibindi nezinso) zisebenza kanjani.
• Ukuskena kwamathambo: Lokhu kusiza ukubona ukuthi umdlavuza ususakazekele emathanjeni.
• I-CT scan (i-computed tomography scans): Ingathatha izithombe ezinemininingwane zengaphakathi lomzimba. Isiza ekutholeni izinto ezifana nezimila kanye nokukhula.
• Ukuskena kwe-MRI (magnetic resonance imaging): Lokhu kufana nokuskena kwe-CT, kodwa kufaneleka kangcono ekubhekeni izicubu ezithambile, ikakhulukazi ubuchopho kanye nomgogodla.
• Ukuskena kwe-PET (ukuskena kwe-positron emission tomography): Lokhu kungabona ukuthi amangqamuzana omdlavuza asebenza kangakanani nokuthi akuphi emzimbeni.
• I-Ultrasound: Isebenzisa amaza omsindo ukuthatha izithombe zengaphakathi lomzimba.
• Ama-X-ray:Isetshenziselwa ukubheka izinto ezifana namaphaphu namathambo.

Akuzona zonke lezi zivivinyo ezenzelwa wonke umuntu. Udokotela wakho uzonquma ukuthi yiziphi izivivinyo okufanele azenze ngokusekelwe ezimpawini zakho kanye nohlobo lomdlavuza.

Umdlavuza osakazeka ku-metastatic welashwa kanjani?

Into ebalulekile lapha ukuthi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umdlavuza usakazeke kuphi, ukwelashwa kusekelwe lapho umdlavuza uqale khona . Isibonelo, uma umuntu enomdlavuza webele bese kamuva usakazeka esibindini, odokotela bawuphatha ngendlela efanayo naleyo abaphatha ngayo umdlavuza webele. Ngenxa yokuthi isibindi siqukethe amangqamuzana afanayo omdlavuza webele, asikashintshi, indawo kuphela eshintshile.

Kunezindlela eziningana zokwelapha umdlavuza osakazeka kalula:

• Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali: Lokhu kuhilela ukunikeza umzimba imithi ebulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza noma ewavimba ukuba akhule. Le mithi inganikezwa njengamaphilisi noma njengoketshezi olufakwa emthanjeni.
• Ukwelashwa ngama-hormone: Ezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza (isib. ibele, i-prostate) zixhomeke kuma-hormone. Lokhu kwelashwa kusebenza ngokunciphisa noma ukumisa ukusebenza kwalawo ma-hormone.
• Ukwelashwa nge-immunotherapy: Lokhu kuhilela ukuvuselela amasosha omzimba wethu kanye nokusisiza silwe namaseli omdlavuza.
• Ukwelashwa ngemisebe: Kusebenzisa imisebe enamandla aphezulu ukubhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Lokhu kungaqondiswa endaweni ethile yomzimba.
• Ukwelashwa okuqondiwe: Le mithi yenzelwe ukuhlasela kuphela izinguquko ezithile zofuzo emangqamuzaneni omdlavuza, ngakho-ke ibangela umonakalo omncane emangqamuzaneni anempilo.

Ngezinye izikhathi, ukwelashwa okuqondiswe endaweni kungasetshenziswa ukulawula izimpawu ezibangelwa ukusabalala kwezicubu, njengokunciphisa ubuhlungu nokuvimbela ukuphuka kwamathambo. Isibonelo, uma umdlavuza ususakazekele ethanjeni futhi ubangela ubuhlungu, ukwelashwa ngemisebe noma ukuhlinzwa kungasetshenziswa ukwelapha leyo ndawo.

Ingabe ukusabalala kwe-metastasis kungavinjelwa?

Umdlavuza awukwazi ukuvinjelwa ngokuphelele ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthi ungasabalali. Kodwa-ke, uma umdlavuza utholakala kusenesikhathi , okungukuthi, ngaphambi kokuba usabalale, ukususwa kwesimila ngokuhlinzwa kanye nokwelashwa okulandelayo (njengokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali, ukwelashwa okuqondiwe, noma i-immunotherapy) kunganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokwanda kwe-metastasis kamuva.

Ochwepheshe basacwaninga izindlela zokuvimba, ukwehlisa, noma ukuvimbela ngokuphelele ukusabalala kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi senza kahle kangakanani izinto, into ebizwa ngokuthi i-metastasis ingenzeka.

Khumbula lokhu kahle: Uma unomdlavuza osakazeke kakhulu, akulona iphutha lakho.Akukhona ngoba wenze into engalungile noma ungenzanga okuthile. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi azikho ukudla okuthile okwenza umdlavuza ube sengozini enkulu yokukhula, futhi azikho ukudla okuthile okuvimbela ukusabalala kwamagciwane.

Uma nginomdlavuza osakazeke kakhulu, yini okufanele ngiyilindele?

Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizosebenzisana nawe eduze ngesikhathi sokwelashwa komdlavuza nangemva kwawo. Uzoba nemihlangano ejwayelekile futhi kuzodingeka wenze izinqumo ezibalulekile mayelana nempilo yakho. Ngalesi sikhathi, kubalulekile ukuthola ukwesekwa okuvela emndenini wakho, kubangani, kanye nethimba lezokwelapha .

Isikhathi sokuphila nomdlavuza we-metastatic

Ezimweni eziningi, umdlavuza osabalele awuselapheki . Kodwa-ke, ukwelashwa kungalawula ukukhula komdlavuza futhi kunciphise izimpawu. Ngezinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza, ngisho noma une-metastases, ungaphila iminyaka eminingi . Futhi, ezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza osabalele, njenge -melanoma kanye nomdlavuza wamathumbu amakhulu, ziyalapheka.

Amazinga okusinda komdlavuza osakazekile

Izinga lokusinda kweminyaka emihlanu liyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lwe-metastasis onayo. Isibonelo, abantu abangu-9% abanomdlavuza wamaphaphu osasakazekile basaphila ngemva kweminyaka emihlanu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi abantu abangu-9 kwabayi-100 abatholakale benomdlavuza wamaphaphu osasakazekile basaphila ngemva kweminyaka emihlanu. Ngokufanayo, abesifazane abangu-30% kanye nabesilisa abangu-19% abanomdlavuza wamabele osasakazekile basaphila ngemva kweminyaka emihlanu.

Kubalulekile ukuqonda: Lawa mazinga okusinda ayizilinganiso ezijwayelekile nje . Awakutsheli ngqo ukuthi uzosabela kanjani ekwelashweni noma ukuthi uzophila isikhathi esingakanani. Buza udokotela wakho ngamazinga okusinda asebenza esimweni sakho.

Ngizinakekela kanjani?

Ukutholwa ukuthi unomdlavuza osakazeke kakhulu kuza nezinselele zakho. Lezi zinselele zingahluka kumuntu nomuntu, kodwa ungase ubhekane nezinto ezifana nalezi:

• Imizwa efana nokudabuka, intukuthelo, nokudumazeka.
• Ngiyesaba ukuthi ukwelashwa kuzophumelela noma ukuthi umdlavuza uzokhula ngokushesha.
• Kuyakhathaza ukubona odokotela njalo nokwenza izinqumo ezibalulekile.
• Udinga usizo ngemisebenzi yansuku zonke.
• Ukudumazeka ngezindleko zokwelashwa.

Ukukhuluma nomeluleki noma isisebenzi sezenhlalakahle kungaba usizo olukhulu ekubhekaneni nale mizwa eyinkimbinkimbi. Futhi, ukulawula ukucindezeleka kubaluleke kakhulu. Zijwayeze izinto ezifana nokuzindla, ukuqaphela, noma uthole ezinye izindlela zokunciphisa ukucindezeleka.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela wami?

Uma uthola izimpawu ezintsha,Kufanele ukhulume nodokotela wakho ngokushesha. Ithimba lakho lokunakekelwa komdlavuza lingalungisa uhlelo lwakho lokwelashwa ukuze luvumelane nezidingo zakho.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela wami?

Ukuqaphela isimo sakho kuzokusiza ukuthi wenze izinqumo ezinolwazi. Nansi eminye imibuzo ongayibuza udokotela wakho:

• Ingabe kukhona engingakwenza ukuze ngithuthukise isimo sami?
• Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha enginazo?
• Ingabe kukhona izivivinyo zemitholampilo engingahlanganyela kuzo?
• Ngisho noma ngingayeka ukwelashwa komdlavuza, ngizoqhubeka yini nokuthola ukunakekelwa kokunciphisa ubuhlungu ? (Ukunakekelwa kokunciphisa ubuhlungu kuwukunakekelwa okulawula izimpawu futhi kuthuthukise ikhwalithi yokuphila)
• Kukangaki ngidinga ukuza kokuhlolwa okulandelayo?
• Ingabe kufanele ngicabangele ukunakekelwa kwe-hospice ?
• Uma ngingakwazi ukwenza izinqumo, kufanele ngikhethe umuntu ozongenzela izinqumo zezokwelapha manje?
• Yimaphi amadokhumenti asemthethweni engidinga ukuwalungiselela?
• Ungangitshela ngezinsiza ezizongisiza ngibhekane nalesi sifo?

Okokugcina, okufanele ukukhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Ukuthola ukuthi umdlavuza ususakazeke kusukela endaweni yawo yokuqala uye kwenye ingxenye yomzimba, noma ususakazeke kakhulu , kungaba ngenye yezinto ezesabekayo kakhulu umuntu angabhekana nazo empilweni yakhe. Uma usanda kutholakala unalokhu, kuvamile ukuba nemizwa ehlukahlukene eyinkimbinkimbi edlula engqondweni yakho.

Nakuba iningi lomdlavuza osabalele lingelapheki ngokuphelele, kunezindlela zokwelapha ezingasiza ekunciphiseni izimpawu zakho futhi zandise impilo yakho . Ngakho-ke, ungalilahli ithemba.

Cela udokotela wakho ulwazi olwengeziwe bese uthola ukuthi ungalutholaphi usizo. Uma kungenzeka, joyina iqembu lokusekela umdlavuza endaweni yakini. Ukukhuluma nabanye ababhekene nezinto ezifanayo nawe kungakusiza uzizwe ungcono ngawe phakathi nalolu hambo. Khumbula njalo ukuthi awuwedwa.

Umdlavuza , ukusabalala komdlavuza, izimpawu zomdlavuza, ukwelashwa komdlavuza, umdlavuza wesigaba sesi-4, ukwelashwa komdlavuza