Ingabe wena noma ingane yakho ninenkinga yokuhlala nigxile entweni eyodwa? Ingabe uzizwa ungakhululekile futhi ungakhululekile ngaso sonke isikhathi? Lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi i-Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, noma i-ADHD (Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder), njengoba abantu abaningi beyazi. Omunye wemithi eyinhloko esetshenziswa ukwelapha lesi simo yi-methylphenidate. Namuhla, sizoxoxa ngalo muthi, ikakhulukazi uhlobo lokukhululwa isikhathi eside oluthathwa kusihlwa.
Kuyini i-methylphenidate?
Kalula nje, lo umuthi osetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-ADHD. Ngokwezokwelapha, ungowesigaba esivuselelayo. Cabanga ngakho, kunezinhlobo ezithile zamakhemikhali ebuchosheni bethu (ama-neurotransmitters) asiza ngezinto ezifana nokunaka nokulawula. Umuntu one-ADHD angase abe nomsebenzi omncane kulokhu. Ngakho-ke, lo muthi usebenza ngokuvuselela umsebenzi walawo makhemikhali, wandise ikhono lokugxila nokulawula ukuziphatha okungenangqondo nokungahlaliseki. Uhlobo olukhethekile esikhuluma ngalo kulesi sihloko luklanywe ngendlela yokuthi uma luthathwa kusihlwa, imiphumela yalo izwakale ubusuku bonke kuze kube ngakusasa ekuseni.
Izinto okufanele uzitshele udokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuthatha imithi
Ngaphambi kokuqala lo muthi, kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngomlando wakho wezempilo ophelele. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ezinye izimo zezokwelapha zingenza ukusebenzisa lo muthi kube yingozi. Uma wena noma omunye umuntu emndenini wakho enezinye zezimo ezibalwe kuthebula elingezansi, qiniseka ukuthi uyamtshela udokotela wakho.
| Isimo/iqiniso lezokwelapha | Kungani kufanele unikeze ulwazi? |
|---|---|
| Isifo senhliziyo, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, noma umlando womndeni wesifo senhliziyo | Lomuthi ungakhuphula kancane umfutho wegazi kanye nokushaya kwenhliziyo. |
| Isifo sengqondo (ukukhathazeka, ukucindezeleka, isifo sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo, imicabango yokuzibulala) | Ngoba imithi ngezinye izikhathi ingandisa izimpawu zengqondo ezikhona. |
| Ukuquleka | Lo muthi ngezinye izikhathi ungandisa ingozi yokuquleka kwesifo sokuwa. |
| Isimo se-Glaucoma | Ngoba kungase kwandise ukucindezeleka kwamehlo. |
| Isifo sesibindi | Ngoba kungathinta inqubo yokususa umuthi emzimbeni. |
| Izinkinga zokujikeleza kwegazi eminweni (isib. umkhuba kaRaynaud) | Ngoba lezi zimpawu cishe zizoqhubeka ziba zimbi kakhulu. |
| I-Tourette's syndrome noma i-motor tics | Ngoba izimpawu zalezi zimo zingase zande. |
| Uma ukhulelwe, uzama ukukhulelwa, noma ungumama oncelisayo | Kufanele uxoxe nodokotela wakho ngokuthi umuthi ungamthinta kanjani ingane yakho. |
| Ukungezwani komzimba kulo muthi noma yini enye | Ukuvimbela ukusabela kokungezwani komzimba. |
Iyiphi indlela engcono kakhulu yokusebenzisa umuthi?
Njengoba udokotela esho, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthatha isilinganiso esifanele ngesikhathi esifanele.
- Isikhathi: Lolu hlobo oluthile luvame ukuthathwa kusihlwa noma ebusuku . Zama ukuluthatha ngesikhathi esifanayo nsuku zonke.
- Indlela Yokuthatha: Gwinya i-capsule yonke ngengilazi yamanzi. Ungayephuli, uyichoboze, noma uyihlafune. Ukwenza kanjalo kungabangela ukuthi wonke umuthi ukhishwe emzimbeni ngesikhathi esisodwa, okungase kwandise imiphumela emibi.
- Uma unenkinga yokugwinya:Uma unenkinga yokugwinya i-capsule, ungayivula ngokucophelela, ufafaze amaphilisi amancane ngaphakathi ekudleni okuthambile njenge-applesauce, bese uwagwinya ngokushesha ngaphandle kokuhlafuna . Kodwa khuluma nodokotela wakho ngalokhu kuqala.
- Uma uphuza ngokweqile: Uma ucabanga ukuthi uthathe imithi eminingi kunalokho okufanele ukuthathe, hamba ngokushesha e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) eseduze noma ushayele i-National Poisons Information Centre e-Colombo National Hospital .
Okubaluleke kakhulu: Lo muthi unikezwe wena kuphela. Ungawabelani nanoma ubani nganoma yisiphi isizathu. Akukho emthethweni futhi kungaba yingozi kulowo muntu.
Yini okufanele uyenze uma uphuthelwa umthamo wemithi?
Uma ukhohlwa ukuthatha umthamo wakho wakusihlwa, thatha ngokushesha nje lapho ukhumbula ngalobo busuku. Kodwa-ke, uma kuwusuku olulandelayo lapho ukhumbula, yeqa umthamo ophuthelwe bese uthatha umthamo wakho olandelayo ngesikhathi esijwayelekile. Ungalokothi uthathe imithamo emibili ngesikhathi esisodwa ukuze ubuyisele umthamo ophuthelwe.
Ezinye izinto ezingase zihlangane nalo muthi
Eminye imithi ingasebenzisana ne-methylphenidate futhi ibangele imiphumela engafuneki. Kubalulekile ukutshela udokotela wakho ngayo yonke imithi oyithathayo (kufaka phakathi amavithamini kanye nemithi yamakhambi).
- Ama-antidepressant e-MAOI: Ukuthatha lokhu kanye nalo muthi kuyingozi kakhulu. Kungabangela umfutho wegazi ophakeme.
- Imithi yokucindezeleka kwegazi: Lo muthi ungashintsha ukusebenza kahle kwemithi yokucindezeleka kwegazi.
- Imithi yesifo sokuwa: Ukusebenza kahle kwale mithi kungathinteka.
- Ezinye Izikhuthazi: Ukuyithatha kanye neminye imithi ye-ADHD, imithi yokwehlisa isisindo, kanye neziphuzo ezine-caffeine kungabangela ukwanda kwenhliziyo kanye nokungaphumuli.
- Imithi evimbela ukujiya kwegazi (isib. i-Warfarin): Ukusebenza kwalokhu kungashintsha.
Izinto okufanele uziqaphele kakhulu lapho uthatha imithi
- Ukukhula: Udokotela uzoqapha ukuphakama nesisindo sengane ethatha lo muthi, njengoba ngezinye izikhathi ukukhula kungathinteka kancane ngenxa yokuntula ukudla.
- Isifiso Sokudla: Kuvamile ukuba nokulahlekelwa yisifiso sokudla lapho uqala ukuthatha umuthi. Esinye isixazululo salokhu ukudla ukudla okuncane izikhathi eziningana ngosuku kunokudla ukudla okukhulu ngesikhathi esisodwa.
- Ukunakekela nokunaka: Nakuba lo muthi ungathuthukisa ukuqaphela kwakho, ungakwenza futhi uzizwe ulele. Ngakho-ke, qaphela kakhulu lapho ushayela, ugibela ibhayisikili, noma usebenzisa imishini uze wazi kahle ukuthi umuthi uthinta kanjani wena.
- Isixwayiso esikhethekile kwabesilisa: Uma uzwa ukuvuvukala isikhathi eside noma ubuhlungu okuhlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwamahora amane, kungaba yisimo esibi kakhulu. Funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha ukuze uvimbele ukulimala okungapheli.
- Izinguquko eminweni yakho: Uma ubona noma yiziphi izilonda ezingavamile, ukungazweli, ubuhlungu, noma ukuzwela umkhuhlane eminweni noma ezinzwaneni zakho, kanye nokushintsha kombala (omhlophe, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, obomvu) ngenkathi uthatha umuthi, tshela udokotela wakho.
Imiphumela emibi yomuthi
Njengayo yonke imithi, lena ingaba nemiphumela emibi, kodwa akuwona wonke umuntu oyitholayo.
| Uhlobo lomphumela ongemuhle | Izici |
|---|---|
| Uma unanoma yikuphi kwalokhu, bonana nodokotela ngokushesha. | |
| Ukusabela kokungezwani komzimba | Ukuqubuka kwesikhumba, ukulunywa, ukuvuvukala kobuso/izindebe/ulimi, ubunzima bokuphefumula. |
| Izinguquko ekushayeni kwenhliziyo | Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo noma okungajwayelekile, isiyezi, ubuhlungu besifuba. |
| Izinguquko esimweni sengqondo | Ukungahlaliseki okukhulu, ukuphazamiseka, ukubona/ukuzwa izinto ezingekho, imicabango yokuzibulala, imizwa yobutha. |
| Isifo sohlangothi kubantu abadala | Ukungabi namandla/ubuthakathaka bobuso, ingalo, noma umlenze ngokuzumayo, ubunzima bokukhuluma, ubunzima bokuhamba, ikhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu. |
| Lezi yizimpawu ezivamile, kodwa uma ziqhubeka, kufanele utshele udokotela wakho. | |
| Imiphumela emibi emincane | Ikhanda elibuhlungu, ukungakwazi ukulala, ukuphelelwa yisifiso sokudla, ukwehla kwesisindo, isicanucanu, ukubona okufiphele. |
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Methylphenidate umuthi osetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-ADHD. Yandisa ukunaka futhi inciphise ukungahlaliseki.
- Ngaphambi kokuqala lo muthi, tshela udokotela wakho lonke ulwazi lwakho lwezempilo (ikakhulukazi izimo zenhliziyo nempilo yengqondo).
- Thatha umuthi njengoba nje udokotela wakho ekutshelile, ngesikhathi esifanele. Ungawuphuli, uwuchoboze, noma uwuhlafune.
- Uma uhlangabezana nemiphumela emibi kakhulu (ubuhlungu besifuba, ubunzima bokuphefumula, izinguquko ezinkulu zengqondo), funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha.
- Lo muthi ungowakho wedwa. Ungalokothi wabelane ngawo nanoma ubani omunye. Gcina endaweni ephephile kude nezingane nezilwane ezifuywayo.
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