Ngobhubhane lwe-COVID-19, igama cishe sonke esilizwile futhi elisondele kakhulu ezimpilweni zethu elithi 'umjovo we-mRNA'. Ungase ukhumbule ukuthi leli gama livame ukukhulunywa ngalo ngamagama afana ne-Pfizer ne-Moderna. Abanye abantu bakhulume kahle kakhulu ngalo, kanti abanye babesaba kancane lobu buchwepheshe obusha. Ngakho-ke uyini ngempela umjovo we-mRNA? Usebenza kanjani emizimbeni yethu? Uhluke kanjani kumjovo ojwayelekile? Ingabe kukhona okufanele ukwesabe? Ake sixoxe ngakho konke lokhu kalula, ngendlela ongayiqonda.
Uyini umuthi wokugomela i-mRNA kalula?
Kalula nje, umuthi wokugomela i-mRNA uwukwelashwa kokuvimbela okufundisa, noma okuqeqesha, imizimba yethu ukuzivikela ezifweni. Udokotela noma isisebenzi sezempilo esiqeqeshiwe sikunikeza wona njengomjovo onenaliti.
Imithi yokugomela i-mRNA kuphela evunyelwe ukusetshenziswa emhlabeni kuze kube manje iwukuvikela i-COVID-19. Ungase ukhumbule la magama amabili kahle:
- I-Comirnaty® (lona umuthi wokugomela i-Pfizer-BioNTech esiwaziyo sonke)
- I-Spikevax® (lona umuthi wokugomela we-Moderna)
Kodwa lobu buchwepheshe bunamandla kakhulu. Ososayensi sebevele bacwaninga ukuthi lobu buchwepheshe be-mRNA bungasetshenziswa yini ukwenza imijovo yezinye izifo ezithathelwanayo, kanye nezifo ezifana nomdlavuza. Lokhu kusho ukuthi singathola izinzuzo ezinkulu kulobu buchwepheshe esikhathini esizayo.
Kulungile, pho iyini le mRNA?
Nakuba lokhu kungase kuzwakale kungokwesayensi kancane, ngizokuchazela ngesibonelo esilula kakhulu.
Cabanga nge-DNA emzimbeni wakho njengencwadi ebaluleke kakhulu, eyinhloko emtatsheni wezincwadi omkhulu. Le ncwadi iqukethe yonke imiyalelo nezindlela zokupheka ezidingekayo ukwakha umzimba wakho nokuwugcina usebenza. Le ncwadi eyinhloko ibaluleke kakhulu kangangokuthi ayivunyelwe ukukhishwa emtatsheni wezincwadi, futhi ayivunyelwe ukukopishwa. Kumelwe igcinwe iphephile.
Manje yilapho i-mRNA ingena khona. I-mRNA isifinyezo segama elithi "messenger Ribonucleic Acid." Kufana 'nesithunywa.' Ekwenzayo ukuthi iya encwadini eyinhloko (i-DNA) emtatsheni wezincwadi bese ibhala phansi ephepheni ikhophi yeresiphi (imiyalelo) yokwenza iphrotheni umzimba oyidingayo ngaleso sikhathi. Bese ithatha lelo phepha bese iphuma emtatsheni wezincwadi, iye ekhishini leseli (esilibiza ngokuthi ama-ribosome).
Abapheki (ama-ribosome) ekhishini babheka iresiphi (i-mRNA) efike nesithunywa bese benza iphrotheni njengoba yayibhaliwe. Lapho umsebenzi usuqediwe, badabula iphepha elineresiphi ebhalwe kulo bese belilahla. Abaligcini.
Ngakho-ke, lokho okwenziwa umuthi wokugomela i-mRNA ukunikeza imizimba yethu kuphela 'iresiphi' yokwenza ingxenye encane, ebonakala kalula yegciwane langaphandle (njengegciwane le-COVID-19).
Imithi yokugomela i-mRNA isebenza kanjani emizimbeni yethu?
Njengayo yonke eminye imijovo, umuthi wokugomela i-mRNA uqeqesha amasosha omzimba wethu ukuthi aqaphele isitha (njengegciwane) futhi akhiqize izikhali ezidingekayo ukulwa naleso sitha.
Ake sibone ukuthi lokhu kwenzeka kanjani emgomeni we-COVID-19 mRNA:
1. Ukunikeza imiyalelo: Uma uthola umuthi wokugomela, amaseli akho anikezwa 'iresiphi' (i-mRNA) yokwenza iphrotheni ye-spike , ingxenye efana ne-spike yegciwane le-SARS-CoV-2 elibangela i-COVID-19. Khumbula, lokhu akulona igciwane lonke, noma ngisho nengxenye yalo. Kumane 'kuyimiyalelo' yokwenza.
2. Amaseli enza iphrotheni: Amaseli ethu afunda lowo myalelo bese eqala ukwenza amaprotheni acwebezelayo. Lawa maprotheni aboniswa ebusweni bamaseli ethu.
3. Ukusebenza kwesimiso sokuzivikela komzimba: Manje izivikelo zomzimba wethu (isimiso sokuzivikela komzimba) zibona le phrotheni entsha bese zikhathazeka. "Ubani lo mfokazi? Lona akayena omunye wethu," kucabanga, futhi kumkhomba 'njengomhlaseli'.
4. Izikhali: Khona-ke amabutho ezokuphepha aqala ukwenza izikhali ezikhethekile zokulwa nalesi sitha. Lezi zikhali yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi ama-antibodies . Futhi zenza uhlobo 'lwamaseli enkumbulo' angakhumbula lesi sitha.
5. Ukubhujiswa kwemiyalelo: Njengoba nje sifunda umlayezo bese siwudabula bese siwulahla, amangqamuzana ethu athatha imiyalelo kule mRNA bese eyibhubhisa ngokuphelele zingakapheli izinsuku ezimbalwa. Ayihlali emizimbeni yethu, futhi ayihlangani ne-DNA yethu. Lokhu kuyinto abantu abaningi abangayiqondi kahle.
Manje ake ucabange ukuthi igciwane langempela le-COVID-19 selingene emzimbeni wakho. Leli gciwane aliyona into entsha ohlelweni lwakho lokuzivikela komzimba. Selivele libonile iphrotheni ekhulayo yaleli gciwane futhi selikulungele ukulwa nalo. Ngakho-ke, lingabhubhisa igciwane ngokushesha ngaphambi kokuba lisakazeke emzimbeni wakho. Yilokhu okukuvikela ekuguleni kakhulu.
Uyini umehluko phakathi kwemithi yokugomela yendabuko kanye nemithi yokugomela i-mRNA?
Umehluko omkhulu usekutheni amasosha ethu omzimba aqaphela isitha. Ukuze sikuqonde lokhu kalula, ake sibheke leli thebula .
| Uhlobo lomjovo | Indlela esebenza ngayo (ngamagama alula) |
|---|---|
| Imithi Yokugoma Yendabuko | Lonke igciwane, noma lingasebenzi noma libuthakathaka kakhulu, noma ama-protein subunits aleli gciwane, afakwa ngqo emzimbeni. Amasosha omzimba asabela kulesi sici sangaphandle. |
| Imithi Yokugomela i-mRNA | Akukho ngxenye yegciwane enikezwa umzimba. Kunalokho, inikeza kuphela 'imiyalelo' (i-mRNA) yamaseli ethu ukuze enze ingxenye ebonakalayo yegciwane. Amasosha omzimba asabela kuleyo phrotheni ngokwenza amaseli ethu. |
Ingabe yonke imijovo ye-COVID-19 mRNA?
Cha. Isibonelo, umuthi wokugomela i-COVID-19 obizwa ngokuthi i-Novavax® awusiwo umuthi wokugomela i-mRNA. Uwumuthi wokugomela i-protein subunit . Okusho ukuthi, ufaka izingcezu ze-spike protein yegciwane le-SARS-CoV-2 ngqo emzimbeni.
Kwenzekani uma uthola umuthi wokugomela?
Le nqubo ilula kakhulu, futhi uma uke wazama ngaphambili, lokhu kuyafana.
1. Isisebenzi sezempilo sizohlanza ingalo yakho engenhla (noma mhlawumbe ithanga lakho lezingane ezincane) nge-alcohol swab.
2. Ngemuva kwalokho umjovo unikezwa ngenaliti encane kakhulu.
3. Faka inani elincane leplasta endaweni lapho kubhotshozwe khona.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uzocelwa ukuthi uhlale unganyakazi imizuzu engaba ngu-15 ngemuva komjovo. Lokhu kuhloswe ukuhlola noma yikuphi ukusabela okungazelelwe nokubi kakhulu. Uma ungumuntu ozizwa enesizungu noma esaba izinaliti, kungcono ukuhlala phansi phakathi nalesi sikhathi.
Yiziphi izinzuzo zemithi yokugomela i-mRNA?
Kunezinzuzo ezimbili eziyinhloko zalobu buchwepheshe.
- Ukukhiqizwa okusheshayo: Ukuze kwenziwe imijovo yendabuko, igciwane lidinga ukukhuliswa elabhorethri. Lokhu kuthatha isikhathi eside. Kodwa emijovweni ye-mRNA, igciwane akudingeki likhuliswe. Uma ikhodi yezakhi zofuzo yegciwane seyaziwa, i-mRNA ehambisanayo ingakhiqizwa ngokushesha. Ngakho-ke, lapho kugadla ubhubhane, inani elikhulu lemijovo lingakhiqizwa emavikini ambalwa, kunokulinda izinyanga noma iminyaka.
- Isivikelo ngokungagonywa: Ukuthola noma yimuphi umuthi wokugomela i-COVID-19, ikakhulukazi umuthi wokugomela i-mRNA, kukunikeza lezi zinzuzo uma kuqhathaniswa nomuntu ongagonywanga:
- Ingozi yokutheleleka nge-COVID-19 encishisiwe.
- Ngisho noma ungenwe yileli gciwane, ingozi yokugula kakhulu nokulaliswa esibhedlela incishisiwe kakhulu.
- Ukunciphisa ingozi yokuthola izimo ze-COVID zesikhathi eside ngemva kokululama ku-COVID-19.
Yiziphi izingozi nemiphumela emibi yemithi yokugomela i-mRNA?
Njenganoma yimuphi umuthi, imijovo ye-mRNA inemiphumela emibi emincane kanye nokusabela okungavamile kakhulu kokungezwani komzimba. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela lokhu.
Khumbula, imiphumela emibi evame ukwenzeka iyisibonakaliso esihle sokuthi amasosha omzimba wakho aqala ukusebenza futhi akha izivikelo. Lokhu kuvame ukuphela ngokuphelele phakathi nosuku noma ezimbili.
| Imiphumela Emibi Evamile | Izimpawu Zokusabela Okungavamile Kodwa Okubi Kakhulu |
|---|---|
|
|
Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?
Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu.
Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu zokungezwani komzimba ezingathi sína njengobunzima bokuphefumula, ukuqunjelwa, noma ukuvuvukala kobuso, izindebe, ulimi, noma umphimbo , iya ekamelweni lezimo eziphuthumayo esibhedlela esiseduze (ETU) ngokushesha. Lesi yisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha.
Uma uneminye imibuzo mayelana nalo muthi wokugomela, noma uma ungaqiniseki ukuthi lo muthi wokugomela uyahambisana yini nezinye izimo zakho zezokwelapha, ungangabazi ukukhuluma nodokotela womndeni wakho. Uzokuchazela konke futhi akunike iseluleko esifanele.
Uyini umlando walobu buchwepheshe be-mRNA?
Nakuba ngokuzumayo seludumile ngenxa yobhubhane lwe-COVID-19, lobu buchwepheshe be-mRNA abuyona into etholakale izolo. Bunomlando wocwaningo wamashumi eminyaka ngemuva kwabo.
- Ucwaningo oluyisisekelo ngobuchwepheshe be-mRNA lwaqala ngawo-1970.
- Kwakungawo-1990 lapho ososayensi baqala ukuzama ukubona ukuthi ingasetshenziswa yini ukukhiqiza imithi yokugoma.
- Kodwa kwakukhona izinselele ezinkulu ngaleso sikhathi. I-mRNA molecule ibuthakathaka kakhulu. Uma isisemzimbeni, amasosha ethu omzimba ayayibhubhisa. Futhi yayingekho indlela yokuyifaka emaseli.
- Ngemva kweminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20 yocwaningo, ososayensi bathole izixazululo zalezi zinkinga. Bafunde ukudala ungqimba lwezinhlayiya ezincane zamafutha (ama-lipid nanoparticles) ukuze bavikele i-mRNA molecule. Yilokhu okusetshenziswa emithini yokugomela yanamuhla.
- Ekugcineni, ngo-2018, umuthi obizwa ngokuthi i-patisiran wavunyelwa ukwelapha isifo sezinzwa esingavamile. Indlela efanayo esetshenziswa ukuletha i-RNA emaseli kamuva yavula indlela yokuba izinkampani ezifana ne-Pfizer ne-Moderna zithuthukise imijovo ye-COVID-19.
Kuvamile ukwesaba kancane nokungabaza izinto ezintsha, ikakhulukazi kwezokwelapha. Uma kuvela okuthile okuhlukile kunezindlela ezindala esizijwayele, kunzima ngathi ukukukholwa ngokushesha. Kodwa lobu buchwepheshe be-mRNA buyinto ososayensi abaningi abaye bayithuthukisa eminyakeni edlule futhi bubonakalise buphephile. Yingakho, lapho kufika ubhubhane olukhulu, sikwazile ukudala imijovo ephephile nephumelelayo ezinyangeni ezimbalwa, kunokuba silinde iminyaka.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Imithi yokugomela i-mRNA ayinalo igciwane noma izingxenye zalo. Iqukethe kuphela 'imiyalelo' (i-mRNA) edingekayo ukuze kwenziwe ingxenye ebonakalayo yegciwane.
- Lo myalelo ususwa ngokuphelele emzimbeni zingakapheli izinsuku ezimbalwa ngemva kokusetshenziswa amaseli ethu. Awuthinti i-DNA yethu nganoma iyiphi indlela.
- Le mithi yokugoma isebenza kahle kakhulu ekuvimbeleni izimo ezibucayi, ukulaliswa esibhedlela, kanye nokufa, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yezifo ezifana ne-COVID-19.
- Imiphumela emibi emincane efana nobuhlungu bekhanda kanye nobuhlungu bomzimba ngemva kokugonywa ivamile, futhi ikhombisa ukuthi amasosha omzimba wakho ayasebenza.
- Ukusabela okukhulu kokungezwani komzimba, njengobunzima bokuphefumula noma ukuvuvukala kobuso, akuvamile kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, uma kwenzeka, kufanele uye eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela ngokushesha.
- Uma unemibuzo noma ukungabaza, ungathembeli kuphela olwazini olutholakala ku-inthanethi, kodwa xhumana nodokotela wakho.
💬 Comments (0)
Awekho amazwana athunyelwe okwamanje. Faka amazwana akho lapha okokuqala ngqa.
Engeza amazwana akho