Wake wacabanga ngokujulile ngekhala eligobhozayo eliphuma ekhaleni lakho uma unomkhuhlane, amathe ahlala njalo emlonyeni wakho, nezinto ezinjalo? Empeleni lezi ziyizingxenye zesimiso sokuzivikela esimangalisayo emzimbeni wethu. Ngemuva kwakho konke lokhu kukhona ulwelwesi olukhethekile oluvikelayo ngaphakathi emzimbeni wethu. Namuhla sikhuluma ngalo 'ulwelwesi' noma 'ulwelwesi lwamafinyila', abantu abaningi abangakaze bezwe ngalo, kodwa lubalulekile empilweni yethu.
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Iyini le mucosa? Kalula nje...
I-Mucosa elinye igama le-mucous membrane. Njengoba nje ingaphandle lomzimba wethu limbozwe ngokuphelele yisikhumba, izitho zomzimba, imigodi ehlukahlukene, kanye nemigudu engaphakathi komzimba wethu (isibonelo, umlomo, impumulo, amathumbu) zimbozwe futhi zivikelwe yi-membrane ebizwa ngokuthi i-mucosa. Kalula nje, lesi yisikhumba esingaphakathi emzimbeni wethu.
Ngokumangalisayo, imizimba yethu ine-mucosa ephindwe izikhathi ezingaphezu kuka-200 kunesikhumba sethu. Yingakho ingabizwa ngokuthi isithiyo esikhulu kunazo zonke esivikelayo emzimbeni wethu. Umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ukugcoba izitho zethu nokuzivikela ezinhlayiyeni zothuli namagciwane angena ngaphandle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le mucosa idlala indima enkulu ekumunceni izakhamzimba ekudleni, ikakhulukazi ohlelweni lwethu lokugaya ukudla.
Lolu hlobo lwe-mucous lwenziwe ngaziphi izendlalelo?
Lolu lwelwesi lwe-mucosal lwakhiwe kakhulu yizingqimba ezintathu, ngasinye sazo sinomsebenzi othize.
1. I-Epithelium - ungqimba oluvikelayo olungaphandle
Lolu ungqimba oluphezulu lwe-mucosa. Lufana nongqimba olungaphandle lwesikhumba sethu. Kukulezi zingqamuzana ze-epithelial lapho sikhipha khona into efana nejeli efana ne-'mucus' noma 'phlegm'. Lo mucus ungabamba izinto ezifana namagciwane nothuli futhi uzivimbele ukungena emzimbeni.
Lolu ngqimba lwamaseli luhlelwe ngezimo ezahlukene ukuze luvumelane nezingxenye ezahlukene zomzimba wethu. Kwezinye izindawo, kukhona ungqimba olulodwa lwamaseli, kanti kwezinye izindawo, kungabonakala izingqimba eziningana zamaseli. Esinye isici esikhethekile sala maseli ukuthi ayahlukana futhi azivuselele ngokushesha. Ngakho-ke, noma ngabe izinto ezifana namagciwane zingena, zingasuswa ngokushesha. Amanye amaseli e-epithelial anezingxenye ezincane kakhulu ezifana nezinwele ezibizwa ngokuthi 'i-cilia'. Lawa, atholakala ngaphakathi kwekhala, asunduza izinhlayiya zothuli kanye ne-mucus ngaphandle.
2. I-Lamina propria - ungqimba oluphakathi olusekelayo
Ngaphansi kwe-epithelium kukhona lolu ngqimba lwezicubu ezixhumeneyo olubizwa ngokuthi i-lamina propria. Lufana nokusekelwa okunikeza konke okudingwa ungqimba oluphezulu, okusiza ukulubamba luhlale endaweni yalo. Lolu ngqimba luqukethe imithambo yegazi, imizwa, nama-molecule amaprotheni akha isakhiwo . I-epithelium ithola igazi layo kulolu ngqimba. Iphinde igcine amaseli amaningi akha amasosha omzimba wethu, azingela futhi abhubhise amagciwane angena.
3. I-Muscularis mucosae - ungqimba olungaphakathi lwemisipha
Lolu ungqimba olujulile kakhulu lwe-mucosa. Luwungqimba oluncane olwakhiwe yimisipha ebushelelezi. Lolu ungqimba yilona olusiza lonke ulwelwesi ukuthi lunyakaze, lwelule, futhi lunciphe. Ikakhulukazi uma izitho ezifana nesisu zincipha futhi zikhula ngesikhathi sokugaya ukudla, ulwelwesi ludinga ukuzivumelanisa nalokho. Lolu ungqimba lwemisipha luyasiza ngalokho.
Iyiphi inkonzo enikezwa yi-mucosa emzimbeni wethu?
Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-mucosa ukusebenza njengomugqa wokuqala wokuzivikela kwesimiso sethu somzimba . Kufana nodonga oluzungezile izwe.
- Isithiyo esivikelayo: Sivimbela amagciwane, uthuli, namakhemikhali ayingozi ukuthi angangeni emzimbeni evela ngaphandle.
- Ukubamba amagciwane: I-mucus enamathelayo (phlegm) ekhiphayo ibamba amagciwane bese iwasusa emzimbeni (isb., i-mucus ekhiqizwa ukukhwehlela nokuthimula).
- Njengesithambisi: Lokhu kusiza ukuvimbela umonakalo ekukhuhlaneni futhi kwenza ukusebenza kwazo kube lula.
- Ukuvikelwa ezintweni zomzimba: Ulwelwesi lwamafinyila luvikela izindonga zesisu kuma-asidi esisu aqinile esiswini sethu. Futhi yilolulwelwesi olufanayo oluvikela isinyi ezintweni ezisemchameni.
- Ukumuncwa kwezakhamzimba: Amathumbu asiza umzimba ukuthi umunce izakhamzimba ekudleni.
- Inzwa yokuhogela: Lolu hlobo lwe-mucous lusisiza ukuthi sibone iphunga ekhaleni.
Kalula nje, i-mucosa iyisithiyo esibaluleke kakhulu nesisebenzayo esihlukanisa ingaphakathi lomzimba wethu nezwe langaphandle.
Kuphi emzimbeni wethu lapho kutholakala khona i-mucosa?
Ulwelwesi lwamafinyila lungatholakala ezindaweni eziningi emizimbeni yethu. Lutholakala kakhulu ohlelweni lokugaya ukudla, ohlelweni lokuphefumula, ohlelweni lokuzala, kanye nasezithweni zethu zokuzwa.
| Indawo ye-mucosa | Izibonelo |
|---|---|
| Imigodi Yomzimba | Amakhala, umlomo, umphimbo, izindlebe, izitho zangasese, i-anus |
| Izitho Zomzimba Ezingenalutho | Umphimbo, amaphaphu kanye nendlela yokuphefumula , isisu, amathumbu, isinye, isibeletho |
Yiziphi izifo ezithinta lolu hlobo lwe-mucous?
Nakuba ulwelwesi lwamafinyila lwenzelwe ukusivikela, ngezinye izikhathi izinto ezifana namagciwane, amabhaktheriya, kanye nesikhunta zingangena kulesi sivimbelo. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, amasosha omzimba ayasebenza futhi abangele ukuvuvukala. Isibonelo esihle salokhu yilapho ulwelwesi lwamafinyila ngaphakathi kwekhala luvuvukala futhi lukhiqiza ulwelwesi uma unomkhuhlane. Lokhu kuvuvukala kuyimpendulo enempilo yomzimba yokulwa nokutheleleka. Kodwa uma lokhu kuqhubeka, kungaholela ezimpawini ezingakhululekile kanye nezinye izifo.
Kunezinhlobo eziningana zezifo ezithinta i-mucosa.
| Isigaba sesifo | Izibonelo kanye nencazelo emfushane |
|---|---|
| Izifo Ezithelelanayo | |
| Izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane | I-herpes yomlomo kanye nezitho zangasese, i-thrush yomlomo kanye nezifo zemvubelo yezitho zangasese, izilonda zomlomo, ukutheleleka kwe-H. pylori. |
| Izimo Zokuvuvukala | |
| Ukuvuvukala kwe-mucosa yezitho zomzimba | I-Gastritis, i-cystitis, i-Esophagitis, i-bronchitis, i-sinusitis, i-asthma. |
| Izifo Zokuzivikela Ezizenzakalelayo | |
| Amasosha omzimba azihlasela wona ngokwawo | Izifo zokuvuvukala kwamathumbu ezifana nesifo se-Celiac, isifo sikaCrohn, kanye nesifo sikaBehcet. |
| Ukulungiswa Kwezicubu Nama-Polyps | |
| Izinguquko ezibangelwa ukuvuvukala kwesikhathi eside | Ukukhula kwezicubu okungajwayelekile (ama-polyp) esiswini, esibelethweni, noma emathunjini. Izimo ezifana nomphimbo kaBarrett. |
| Ukungasebenzi kahle | |
| Ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-membrane yama-mucosal | I-Endometriosis: Ukukhula kolwelwesi lwesibeletho ngaphandle kwesibeletho. I-Cystic fibrosis: I-mucus ohlelweni lokuphefumula iyaqina futhi ivimbe izindlela zokuphefumula. I-Sjogren's syndrome: Umlomo owomile namehlo ngenxa yokuhlaselwa yizindlala ezikhiqiza ulwelwesi. |
Ngingazivikela kanjani izitho zangasese zami?
Uma konke kusebenza kahle, ulwelwesi lwakho lwamafinyila luyakuvikela. Luyindlela yakho yokuqala yokuzivikela ekuthelelekeni. Kodwa-ke, ukuvuvukala okungapheli kwesikhathi eside kungenza buthaka kancane kancane lesi sivikelo sokuvikela. Futhi wonke amasosha omzimba wakho angase abe buthaka ngenxa yokusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwamangqamuzana omzimba ku-mucosa.
Ngakho-ke, indlela engcono kakhulu yokuvikela ulwelwesi lwamafinyila ukulawula izimo zokuvuvukala ezingamahlalakhona.
Uma unezimpawu zesimo sokuvuvukala okungapheli, njengesishiso esiqhubekayo, i-asthma engalawuleki, noma izinkinga ezivamile ze-sinus, qiniseka ukuthi ukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngakho futhi uthole ukwelashwa okufanele. Lokhu kuzokusiza ukuvikela le ndlela ebalulekile yokuzivikela emzimbeni wakho.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Mucosa iyi-membrane ebaluleke kakhulu evikelayo, njengesikhumba sethu, emboza izitho zomzimba kanye nemigodi engaphakathi kwemizimba yethu.
- Lokhu kusivikela kumagciwane, izifo, kanye nomonakalo ohlukahlukene wangaphandle. Kuphinde kusize emisebenzini ebalulekile njengokumuncwa kwezakhamzimba.
- Ungakushayi indiva ukuvuvukala kwalolu hlobo lwesikhumba. Kungaba yisinyathelo sokuqala esiholela ezifweni ezahlukahlukene.
- Uma unezimpawu ezihlobene nolwelwesi lwakho lwamafinyila (isib. ubuhlungu besisu obuqhubekayo, ukukhwehlela okungapheli, izilonda zomlomo), kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna iseluleko sikadokotela.
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