Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi uzizwa sengathi uvuka uzizwa uphilile ekuseni, kodwa njengoba usuku luqhubeka, uzizwa sengathi awunawo amandla? Kufana nokuthi imisipha yakho ibuthakathaka kangangokuthi awukwazi ukwenza lutho, ikakhulukazi amehlo akho asinda, futhi unenkinga yokukhuluma noma yokugwinya ukudla? Uma uke waba nokuhlangenwe nakho okunjalo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uqaphele isifo esikhuluma ngaso namuhla esibizwa ngokuthi 'iMyasthenia Gravis'. Nakuba lokhu kungajwayelekile kancane, uma usukuqonda kalula, ungathola izimpendulo zemibuzo eminingi.
Kalula nje, iyini iMyasthenia Gravis?
I-Myasthenia gravis, noma i-MG ngamafuphi, yisimo sokuzivikela komzimba . Kalula nje, yilapho uhlelo lokuzivikela lomzimba wethu, uhlelo lokuzivikela komzimba, luhlasela ngephutha izingxenye zomzimba wethu. Ku-MG, uhlelo lokuzivikela komzimba luhlasela ukuxhumana phakathi kwezinzwa nemisipha yethu.
Lokhu kubangela imisipha exhuma emathanjeni ethu futhi isishukumisele ukuba sibuthaka kancane kancane. Lokhu kuthinta kakhulu:
- Ngemisipha emehlweni akho, ebusweni, entanyeni, ezingalweni nasemilenzeni.
Lobu buthakathaka bungenza kube nzima ngawe ukwenza izinto ezifana nalezi:
- Hambisa amehlo akho nxazonke, uphazima.
- Hlala uvulekile amehlo.
- Veza imizwa ehlukene ngobuso bakho.
- Hlafuna ukudla, gwinya, bese ukhuluma.
- Phakamisani izandla zenu, phakamisani izinto zenu.
- Khuphuka izitebhisi, sukuma esihlalweni.
Isici esiyingqayizivele nesibaluleke kakhulu salesi sifo ukuthi lobu buthakathaka bemisipha buyanda uma usebenza, kodwa buphinde buphile ngemva kwesikhathi esifushane sokuphumula.
Lesi yisimo esingamahlalakhona. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ayikho ikhambi elifanele wonke umuntu. Kodwa ungakhathazeki, ngemithi yanamuhla ephumelela kakhulu, noma ubani angakwazi ukulawula izimpawu zakhe futhi aphile impilo enempilo.
Ingabe zikhona izinhlobo eziyinhloko ze-myasthenia gravis?
Yebo, kunezinhlobo eziningana eziyinhloko zalesi simo. Ake sibone ukuthi ziyini.
| Uhlobo lwesifo (Uhlobo) | Incazelo Emfushane |
|---|---|
| I-Myasthenia ye-Autoimmune | Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu. Lubangelwa ama-antibodies athile akhiqizwa amasosha omzimba. Imbangela eqondile ayicaci. |
| I-Myasthenia Yezingane Ezisanda Kuzalwa | Isimo sesikhashana esibangelwa ukuthi ingane ithole ama-antibodies kumama one-MG ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Lapho izalwa, ingane ingakhala kancane futhi ibe nobunzima bokuncela. Lezi zimpawu ziyanyamalala ngemva kwezinyanga ezintathu. |
| I-Myasthenia yokuzalwa | Lesi akusona isimo sokuzivikela komzimba. Yisimo esingavamile esibangelwa ushintsho lwezakhi zofuzo. |
Isimo esivame kakhulu se-autoimmune myasthenia gravis sihlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko.
I-Myasthenia ye-Ocular
Lesi yisimo lapho imisipha enyakazisa amehlo nezinkophe kuphela iba buthakathaka. Lokhu kungabangela ukuba izinkophe zakho zigobe noma kwenze kube nzima ukugcina amehlo akho evulekile. Abanye abantu bangase babe nokubona okuphindwe kabili. Lobu buthakathaka bamehlo buvame ukuba uphawu lokuqala lwe-MG. Cishe ingxenye yabantu abanalesi simo ekugcineni bazobona ngokujwayelekile.
I-Myasthenia Ejwayelekile
Kulesi simo, ngaphezu kwemisipha yamehlo, imisipha yobuso, intamo, izingalo, imilenze, kanye nomphimbo nayo iyabuthaka. Lokhu kungenza kube nzima ukukhuluma, ukugwinya ukudla, ukuphakamisa izingalo zakho ngaphezu kwekhanda lakho, ukuvuka endaweni yokuhlala, ukuhamba amabanga amade, nokukhuphuka izitebhisi.
Lesi sifo sikhula kanjani ngempela? Kwenzekani emizimbeni yethu?
Ukuze siqonde lokhu, ake sithathe isibonelo esincane. Cabanga ukuthi ubuhlobo phakathi kwezinzwa zethu nemisipha bufana nobo obuphakathi komgibeli nomgibeli emdlalweni wekhilikithi.
1. Umbhowuli (imizwa): Imizwa yiyo ethumela umlayezo emisipheni ukuze "ifinyele".
2. Ibhola (i-Acetylcholine): Lo myalezo uthunyelwa ngekhemikhali (i-neurotransmitter) ebizwa ngokuthi 'i-acetylcholine'. Leli 'ibhola' lethu.
3. Iglavu lomdlali wensimu (ama-receptor): Kunezindawo ezikhethekile entendeni yesandla zokubamba leli 'bhola'. Sizibiza ngokuthi 'ama-receptor'. Lokhu kufana 'neglavu' lomdlali wensimu.
Ngokuvamile, 'ibhola' (i-acetylcholine) ethunyelwa kusuka emthanjeni ihambisana 'negilavu' (i-receptor) emisipheni. Yilapho-ke imisipha ithola khona isignali yokufinyela. Lokhu kwenzeka ngokushesha okukhulu, ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka.
Kodwa-ke, kwenzeka okuhlukile emzimbeni womuntu one-myasthenia gravis.
Amasosha omzimba wabo enza ama-antibodies angalungile futhi avimbele noma abhubhise ama-receptor emisipheni. Khona-ke, noma ngabe inzwa ithumela ibhola, akukho glavu lokulibamba. Ngakho-ke, imisipha ayitholi isignali efanele, ngakho-ke iba buthakathaka. Uma usebenza kanzima, imisipha iba buthakathaka nakakhulu ngoba ayikwazi ukubamba ibhola. Uma uphumula, ungasebenzisa iglavu futhi kancane, ukuze libuye liphile. Uyaqonda?
Yiziphi izimpawu eziyinhloko ze-myasthenia gravis?
Izimpawu ze-MG zingaqala ngokuzumayo. Zingahluka futhi ngobukhulu kusukela ngosuku kuya kosuku futhi ngezikhathi ezithile. Abantu abaningi bazizwa benamandla ekuqaleni kosuku kanti babuthakathaka ekupheleni kosuku.
| Isibonakaliso | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Ijwabu leso eligobile (i-Ptosis) | Amajwabu amehlo awela kwelinye noma womabili amehlo. Lolu uphawu oluvame kakhulu ekuqaleni. |
| Umbono ofiphele noma ophindwe kabili | Ubuthakathaka emisipheni enyakazisa amehlo bungabangela ukubona okubili. |
| Ubunzima bokukhuluma, ukugwinya, noma ukuhlafuna | Izinto ezifana nokushintsha kwezwi lapho ukhuluma, ubunzima bokugwinya, ukubhajwa kokudla, kanye nobunzima bokuhlafuna kungase kwenzeke. |
| Ubuthakathaka ezingalweni, emilenzeni nasentanyeni | Izandla ziyakhathala kalula lapho zenza izinto ezifana nokuphakamisa, ukukama izinwele, ukuxubha amazinyo. Ubunzima bokuhamba, ubunzima bokuphakamisa ikhanda liqonde. |
| Ushintsho ekubonakaleni kobuso | Ukungabonisi ubuso obufanayo njengokuvamile lapho umomotheka, kungakwenza ubukeke sengathi "uphoqa ukumomotheka." |
| Ubunzima bokuphefumula | Lesi yisimo esiyingozi kakhulu nesiphuthumayo. Uma uzizwa uphelelwa umoya ngenxa yobuthakathaka bemisipha yokuphefumula, kufanele uye eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela ngokushesha. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi 'i-Myasthenic Crisis'. |
Udokotela usithola kanjani lesi sifo ngqo?
Uma unalezi zimpawu, udokotela wakho uzoqala ngokukubuza ngomlando wakho wezokwelapha bese ekwenza ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba. Bangase bacele ukuhlolwa okuningana ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa:
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Igazi lakho lizohlolwa ama-antibodies angavamile esikhulume ngawo ngaphambili (`acetylcholine receptor antibodies` noma 'MuSK antibodies`). Cishe abantu abangu-85% abane-MG banala ma-antibodies egazini labo.
- Ukuskena kwezithombe: Kungenziwa ukuskena kwe-CT noma i-MRI ukuhlola inkinga noma isimila (i-thymoma) endlaleni yakho ye-thymus.
- I-Electromyography (EMG): Lolu uhlobo lokuhlolwa olukhethekile olubheka noma yikuphi ukukhubazeka endleleni izimpawu zikagesi ezidluliselwa ngayo phakathi kwezinzwa nemisipha.
Ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yalezi zivivinyo, udokotela wakho uzonquma isigaba sesimo sakho futhi ancome uhlelo lokwelashwa olufanele kakhulu kuwe.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha lokhu?
Okokuqala, i-MG iyisimo esingelapheka. Nakuba kungekho ikhambi, kunezindlela eziningi zokwelapha ezisebenzayo ezitholakalayo namuhla ezingakusiza ukuphatha izimpawu zakho futhi uphile impilo evamile nesebenzayo.
Kunezindlela eziningana zokwelapha:
- Imithi:
- Izidakamizwa ezifana 'nezithibi ze-cholinesterase' zithuthukisa ukudluliselwa kwezimpawu phakathi kwezinzwa nemisipha, okwandisa amandla emisipha.
- Ama-immunosuppressants, njenge-corticosteroids, anciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwalawo ma-antibodies angajwayelekile.
- Ama-antibodies e-monoclonal:Lawa ngamaprotheni akhethekile anikezwa ngemithambo yegazi. Alawula ukusebenza kwesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela.
- Ukushintshaniswa kwe-Plasma (Plasmapheresis): Lokhu kuhilela ukukuxhumanisa nomshini okhethekile osusa ingxenye ye-plasma yegazi lakho equkethe ama-antibodies ayingozi bese uyishintsha nge-plasma enempilo noma isisombululo.
- I-IV immunoglobulin (IVIG): Ukufakwa kwama-antibodies ngemithambo yegazi avela kubanikeli abanempilo. Lokhu kusiza ukucindezela isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela.
- Ukuhlinzwa: Kwabanye abantu, ikakhulukazi labo abanesimila se-thymus, indlala isuswa ngokuhlinzwa (i-'thymectomy'). Lokhu kungalawula kakhulu izimpawu.
Udokotela wakho uzokhetha ukwelashwa okufanele kakhulu kwesimo sakho.
Yini esingayenza thina ngokwethu ngenkathi siphila nezimpawu?
Ngesikhathi uthola ukwelashwa, ukwenza izinguquko ezincane endleleni yakho yokuphila kungenza ukuphila nalesi simo kube lula kakhulu.
- Ukuzivocavoca: Buza udokotela wakho bese uvivinya umzimba okulula okufanele wena . Lokhu kuzoqinisa imisipha yakho, kuphumuze ingqondo yakho, futhi kukunike amandla.
- Gwema ukushisa: Ukushisa okukhulu kungenza izimpawu zibe zimbi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke gwema ukuphuma elangeni elishisayo emini. Uma uzizwa ushisa, beka indwangu efakwe emanzini abandayo entanyeni nasebunzini lakho.
- Ukudla okunempilo: Yidla ukudla okunempilo okucebile ngamaprotheni nama-carbohydrate ukuze uhlale unamandla.
- Hlela umsebenzi wakho: Yenza imisebenzi edinga umzamo omkhulu uma unamandla amaningi, okusho ukuthi ekuseni.
- Ukuphumula kubalulekile: Thatha ikhefu elifushane usuku lonke. Lala kancane. Lalela umzimba wakho. Ungaziphoqeleli ukusebenza uma uzizwa ukhathele.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Myasthenia gravis (MG) yisimo esibangelwa ukungasebenzi kahle kwesimiso sethu somzimba sokuzivikela, kodwa singelashwa ngempumelelo .
- Uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezifana nokugoba kwamehlo, ukubona okufiphele, ubunzima bokukhuluma noma ukugwinya, noma ukukhathala okungavamile okwanda usuku lonke, bona udokotela ngokushesha.
- Uma ubhekene nobunzima bokuphefumula, iya eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela ngokushesha, ngoba kungaba yisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha (inkinga ye-myasthenic) .
- Ngokwelashwa okufanele, ukulandela iseluleko sikadokotela wakho, nokwenza izinguquko ezilula endleleni yokuphila, abantu abaningi abane-MG bangaphila impilo egcwele futhi esebenzayo . Asikho isidingo sokwesaba.
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