Wake wazibuza ukuthi kwenzeka kanjani ngokushesha kangaka uma ufuna ukuhambisa isandla sakho? Noma ukuthi sibuyisela kanjani isandla sethu emuva ngemva kokuthinta into eshisayo? Konke lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yemiyalezo kagesi esheshayo ngendlela emangalisayo ehamba isuka ebuchosheni bethu iye kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba wethu, futhi isuka ezingxenyeni zomzimba wethu ibuyele ebuchosheni bethu. Ngakho-ke, amangqamuzana ethu ezinzwa 'anesembozo esivikelayo' esikhethekile esiwazungezile esisiza le miyalezo ukuba ihambe ngokushesha futhi ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi i-Myelin Sheath . Namuhla sizokhuluma ngale sheath ye-myelin emangalisayo.
Kalula nje, iyini le sheath ye-myelin?
Ake sithi ugesi endlini yethu uyintambo eyodwa. Leyo ntambo inesembozo sepulasitiki esizungezile. Kungani kunjalo? Esinye ukuthi ihlinzeka ngokuvikelwa kwentambo. Esinye ukuthi isiza ugesi ukuthi uhambe ngokushesha uye lapho kudingeka uye khona, ngaphandle kokuvuza kwezinye izindawo.
Kunjalo nangesigxobo se-myelin. Lesi sigxobo esikhethekile esenziwe ngama-lipid namaprotheni . Lesi sigxobo se -myelin sizungezwe ingxenye ende kakhulu yama-neurons ethu, 'ucingo' oluyinhloko oluthwala imiyalezo. Lokhu akuvikeli nje kuphela iseli lemizwa, kodwa futhi kusiza izimpawu zikagesi ukuthi zihambe ngokushesha nangokuphumelelayo.
Ake siqale siqonde kancane ngezingxenye zeseli lemizwa.
Ukuze sikuqonde lokhu, ake siqhathanise i-neuron nomuthi omncane. Khona-ke ungakukhumbula lokhu kalula kakhulu.
1. Umzimba weseli (iSoma): Lokhu kufana nohlelo lwempande yesihlahla. Njengoba nje izimpande zesihlahla zimunca izakhamzimba enhlabathini, ama-dendrite , okuyizingxenye zomzimba weseli ezifana nezimpande, 'amunca' imiyalezo yamakhemikhali evela kwamanye amangqamuzana ezinzwa aseduze. Le miyalezo yamakhemikhali ibe isiguqulwa ibe yizimpawu zikagesi. I-nucleus yeseli nayo itholakala kule ngxenye.
2. I-Axon: Lena yingxenye ende ebukeka njengesiqu somuthi. Njengoba nje izakhamzimba ezivela ezimpandeni zomuthi zihamba ziye phezulu esiqwini, izimpawu zikagesi ezikhiqizwa emzimbeni weseli zihamba ngale axon.
3. I-Axon Terminal: Lokhu kufana namahlumela asekugcineni kwamagatsha esihlahla. Njengamaqabunga nezimbali eziphuma kulawo mahlumela, i-axon terminal 'ikhipha' leso siginali kagesi esingqamuzaneni esilandelayo sezinzwa.
Lena yindlela imiyalezo egxuma ngayo isuka kwelinye iseli lemizwa iye kwelinye. Kufana nomjaho wokugijima. Lena yindlela imiyalezo ehamba ngayo isuka ebuchosheni bethu kanye nasentanjeni yomgogodla kuyo yonke imizimba yethu. Imisipha esezingalweni zakho iyafinyela, uyaphefumula, inhliziyo yakho ishaya, konke lokhu kulawulwa yile nqubo emangalisayo yokuxhumana.
Yimiphi imisebenzi eyinhloko ye-myelin sheath?
Njengoba sixoxile ngaphambili, i-myelin sheath inemisebenzi emithathu eyinhloko.
- Ukunikeza ukuphepha: njengogesiNjengepulasitiki egoqwe ngocingo, lokhu kuhlanganiswa kwamafutha namaprotheni kunikeza isivikelo esihle se-axon yeseli lemizwa.
- Ukusheshisa: Lena yinto ebaluleke kakhulu. I-myelin sheath ivumela izimpawu zikagesi ukuthi zihambe ngokushesha okukhulu nangokuphumelelayo zisuka kwelinye iseli lezinzwa ziye kwelinye.
- Ukugcina amandla esignali: Njengoba isignali kagesi ihamba nge-axon, ingaba buthaka. Kodwa-ke, i-myelin sheath iyasiza ekugcineni amandla esignali ngaphandle kokuyinciphisa .
Kalula nje, ngaphandle kwe-myelin sheath, ukuxhumana kwemiyalezo emizimbeni yethu bekuyoba kancane kakhulu futhi kungasebenzi kahle. Kungaba njengokuzama ukuhamba ukusuka eColombo ukuya eMatara ngemigwaqo yasemakhaya engenawo umgwaqo omkhulu.
Kwenzekani uma i-sheath ye-myelin yonakele?
Kunamangqamuzana ezinzwa angaba yizigidigidi eziyi-100 emzimbeni wethu ahlala eqhuma. Zonke izenzo zethu zilawulwa yilokhu kushintshana kwemiyalezo. Ngakho cabanga ukuthi bekuzokwenzekani uma i-myelin sheath ezungeze lawa maseli ezinzwa yonakele. Khona-ke lawo masignali kagesi asheshayo angaqala ukuhamba kancane, noma ame ngokuphelele .
Isizathu esiyinhloko salomonakalo ukuthi amasosha ethu omzimba acabanga ngephutha ukuthi i-myelin sheath iyinto eyingozi emzimbeni ngaphandle. Ngemuva kwalokho, amangqamuzana ethu omzimba aqala ukuhlasela i-myelin sheath. Lokhu kuhlasela kubhubhisa i-myelin. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi inqubo yokususa i-myelin. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngisho namangqamuzana enza i-myelin ayabhujiswa. Ngale ndlela, siba nezimpawu ezahlukene kuye ngokuthi i-myelin sheath yonakele kuphi.
Yiziphi izifo ezilimaza i-myelin sheath?
Kunezifo eziningi ezilimaza i-myelin sheath. Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa ngezinye zazo. Ake sihlukanise lezi zifo zibe yizigaba ezimbili: lezo ezithinta uhlelo lwethu lwezinzwa oluphakathi (CNS), oluyingqondo nomgogodla, kanye nalezo ezithinta uhlelo lwezinzwa oluseceleni (PNS), oluyiminye imizwa yomzimba.
| Izifo ezilimaza i-myelin ohlelweni lwezinzwa oluphakathi (i-CNS) | |
|---|---|
| Igama Lesifo | Incazelo elula |
| I-Multiple Sclerosis (MS) | Lesi yisifo esivame kakhulu nesiyaziwa kakhulu esilimaza i-myelin. Sihlasela i-myelin ebuchosheni nasemgogodleni. |
| I-encephalomyelitis esakazeke kakhulu | Lokhu ukusabela okungazelelwe, okunamandla kokuzivikela komzimba okwenzeka ohlelweni lwezinzwa oluphakathi. Lesi yisimo esingavamile kakhulu. |
| I-myelitis eguquguqukayo | Lesi yisifo sokuzivikela komzimba esibangela ukuvuvukala emgogodleni. |
| I-Neuromyelitis optica | Lapha, ama-antibodies ahlasela i-optic nerve kanye ne-spinal cord. |
| Izifo ezilimaza i-myelin ohlelweni lwezinzwa oluseceleni (i-PNS) | |
|---|---|
| Igama Lesifo | Incazelo elula |
| I-Guillain-Barre syndrome | Isimo esivame ukwenzeka ngemva kokutheleleka. Akuvamile kakhulu, singavela nangemuva kokugonywa. |
| I-polyradiculoneuropathy engapheli esusa imyelinating (CIDP) | Lesi yisifo esikhula kancane kancane esihlasela i-myelin. |
| Isifo sezinyo sikaCharcot Marie | Lesi yisifo esidluliselwa ngofuzo, okusho isifo sezinzwa esivela ezizakhini zofuzo. |
| Ukuntuleka kwe-Copper | Ukuntuleka kwamazinga amaminerali ethusi emzimbeni kungalimaza futhi kunciphise umsebenzi wokuvikela we-myelin. |
Ingabe i-myelin ingonakala ngezinye izizathu?
Yebo. Ngaphezu kwezifo ezishiwo ngenhla, i-myelin sheath ingonakala ngenxa yezinye izizathu eziningana.
- Isifo sohlangothi: Sibangelwa ukungasebenzi kahle kokugeleza kwegazi ebuchosheni.
- Ukutheleleka kanye nokuphazamiseka kwe-metabolic: Ngenxa yokutheleleka kanye nezinkinga ngezinqubo zamakhemikhali emzimbeni.
- Ubuthi: Ukungenisa ubuthi obuthile.
- Ukuntuleka kwe-Vitamin B12: Le vithamini ibalulekile ekukhiqizweni kwe-myelin.
- Ezinye izinhlobo zemithi: Isibonelo, imithi efana ne-ethambutol.
- Ukuphuza utshwala ngokweqile: Ukusetshenziswa kotshwala isikhathi eside nakho kuyingozi ku-myelin.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezimweni ezingavamile kakhulu, ezizuzwa njengesifo se-Tay-Sachs, i-myelin sheath ingase ingakheki kahle.
Ingabe umonakalo ku-myelin ungabuyiselwa emuva?
Lona umbuzo obaluleke kakhulu kuwo wonke umuntu. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi, yebo, kungenzeka ukulungisa i-myelin eyonakele . Lokhu kulungiswa kungenzeka kokubili ohlelweni lwethu lwezinzwa oluphakathi nolwangaphandle.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu kulokhu ukulawula izici eziyisisekelo ezibangela ukubhujiswa kwe-myelin. Isibonelo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukunikeza imithi efana nama-steroids ukulawula ukuvuvukala okubangelwa ukusebenza kwesimiso sokuzivikela komzimba, nokusebenzisa ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezilawula isimiso sokuzivikela komzimba (ukwelashwa kokucindezela/ukuguqula amasosha omzimba).
Ososayensi okwamanje benza ucwaningo oluningi mayelana nendlela yokulungisa i-myelin eyonakele. Nakuba kungakabikho umuthi ovunyiwe wokulungisa i-myelin, imiphumela yocwaningo ikhombisa ithemba elikhulu ngekusasa.
- Ucwaningo oluthile lubonise ukuthi umuthi wokungezwani komzimba othi "clemastine" unamandla okulungisa i-myelin.
- Ucwaningo luyaqhubeka nokuthi i-myelin ingavuselelwa yini kusetshenziswa amaseli okuqala.
- Ucwaningo luyaqhubeka ngemithi evikela isimiso sezinzwa ekulimaleni okwengeziwe.
Ngakho-ke, lolu cwaningo lubonisa ukuthi kunethuba elikhulu lokwelashwa okungcono kweziguli ezinomonakalo we-myelin esikhathini esizayo.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-myelin sheath iyisivikelo esizungeze amangqamuzana ethu ezinzwa esisebenza njengesivikelo sepulasitiki esisentanjeni kagesi.
- Yingakho imiyalezo kagesi emzimbeni wethu ihamba ngokushesha nangendlela ephumelelayo.
- I-myelin sheath ingonakaliswa yiphutha ohlelweni lwethu lokuzivikela komzimba noma ngezinye izizathu. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi i-demyelination.
- Izifo ezimbi kakhulu njenge-Multiple Sclerosis (MS) kanye ne-Guillain-Barre syndrome zibangelwa ukulimala kwe-myelin sheath.
- Uma unezimpawu ezihlobene nezinzwa njengokungazweli, ubuthakathaka, noma ubunzima bokuhamba, kubalulekile ukubona udokotela wakho ngokushesha ukuze uthole iseluleko.
- Umzimba unamandla okulungisa i-myelin eyonakele, futhi ososayensi baqhubeka nokucwaninga izindlela ezintsha zokwelapha ezingasiza kulokhu.
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