Singakhuluma ngamaphutha e-neural tube (ama-NTD) athinta ubuchopho kanye nomgogodla wengane ekhula esibelethweni?

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukhulelwe noma usuvele uthole izindaba ezinhle, cishe uzibuza izinto eziningi ngomntwana osesiswini sakho. Kungaba usizo kangakanani ukwazi okuncane ngempilo yengane yakho? Yingakho, namuhla sizokhuluma ngento engenzeka ngezinye izikhathi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, kodwa engavinjelwa uma uqaphela kusengaphambili. Lokho ukukhubazeka kwe-neural tube , noma njengoba odokotela bekubiza ngokuthi "Ukukhubazeka Kwe-Neural Tube - NTDs". Ungakhathazeki, sizokhuluma ngalokhu kalula, ngendlela ongayiqonda.

Kuyini ukuphazamiseka kwe-neural tube (ama-NTD)? Kalula nje...

Kalula nje, ama-NTD awuhlobo lwesimo sokuzalwa . Okusho ukuthi, yizimo ezenzeka ngesikhathi umntwana esesesibelethweni. Zithinta kakhulu ubuchopho bomntwana, umgogodla, noma umgogodla (isimiso sezinzwa esidlula emgogodleni). Khumbula, lezi ziphazamiso zivame ukwenzeka ungakazi nokuthi ukhulelwe, ngokuvamile phakathi nenyanga yokuqala yokukhulelwa.

Yilokhu okuvame ukwenzeka. Lapho umntwana eqala ukukhula esibelethweni, izinhlangothi ezimbili zomgogodla womntwana ziyahlangana, zakha isakhiwo esifana nethubhu. Yilokhu esikubiza ngokuthi ithubhu yemizwa . Le thubhu yemizwa yiyo ezokhula kamuva ibe ubuchopho bomntwana kanye nomgogodla. Ngakho-ke, uma le thubhu yemizwa ingavaleki kahle, uma kukhona isikhala esincane noma ukuntuleka endaweni ethile, khona-ke lesi simo esibizwa ngokuthi i-NTD siyenzeka. Kufana nalapho wakha uphahla, uma kukhona isikhala endaweni ethile, amanzi ayavuza ophahleni.

Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko ze-NTD?

Kunezinhlobo eziningana eziyinhloko zamaphutha e-neural tube (NTDs). Ake sibheke ngayinye ngokulandelana:

1. I-Spine Bifida

Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwe-NTD. I-Spine Bifida yisimo lapho i-neural tube ingavali ngokuphelele khona ngesikhathi esithile emgogodleni ngesikhathi sokukhula kwengane. Futhi, kunezinhlobo eziningana:

• I-Myelomeningocele (I-Open Spina Bifida):

Cabanga nje, lapho ezinye izingane zizalwa, ungabona isikhwama esigcwele amanzi siphuma ngemuva komgogodla wazo. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi `(Myelomeningocele).` Ngaphakathi kwesikhwama kungase kube yingxenye yomgogodla womntwana, izicubu eziwumboza `(Meninges)`, imizwa, ngisho noketshezi oluzungeze ubuchopho `(Cerebrospinal Fluid - CSF)`. Lolu uhlobo olubi kakhulu noluvame kakhulu lwe-`(Spina Bifida).`

• I-Meningocele:

Kulesi simo, isikhwama esigcwele uketshezi kungenzeka ukuthi siphume emhlane wengane. Kodwa-ke, kulesi simo, intambo yomgogodla yengane ayonakele, okusho ukuthi intambo yomgogodla ayikho ngaphakathi kwesikhwama.

• I-Spina Bifida Occulta:

Lolu uhlobo oluthambile kakhulu lwe-`(Spina Bifida)`Kulesi simo, kukhona isikhala esincane emgogodleni wengane, kodwa akukho sikhwama esibonakalayo. Akukho monakalo emgogodleni noma emithanjeni. Esikhathini esiningi, lokhu akubangeli izinkinga. Ngezinye izikhathi, ungase ungazi nokuthi unaso impilo yakho yonke.

2. I-Anencephaly

Lesi yisimo esibucayi. I-Anencephaly yisimo lapho ingxenye ephezulu ye-neural tube, lapho ubuchopho bukhula khona, ingavaleki kahle ngesikhathi sokukhula komntwana. Ngenxa yalokho, ugebhezi lomntwana, isikhumba, nobuchopho bakhe akukhuli kahle. Ezinye izingxenye zobuchopho nogebhezi zingase zingabi khona nhlobo. Izicubu zobuchopho ezikhulayo zivame ukudalulwa ngoba akukho sikhumba noma ithambo lokusimboza. Ngokudabukisayo, izingane ezinalesi simo zivame ukuzalwa zifile noma zife ngokushesha ngemva kokuzalwa.

3. I-Encephalocele

Lokhu kwenzeka lapho ithubhu yemizwa ihluleka ukuvala kahle eduze kobuchopho, okwenza kube nomgodi ogebhezini. Ubuchopho bomntwana kanye nolwelwesi olumboza ubuchopho (ama-meninges) kungaphuma kulo mgodi, kudale ukuvela okufana nesikhwama. Ngezinye izikhathi, kungase kube nomgodi omncane kuphela emgodini wekhala noma ebunzini, okungabonakali kakhulu.

4. Ukukhubazeka kwe-Inencephaly

Lesi futhi yisimo esibi kakhulu nesingavamile. Sibangela ukukhubazeka okukhulu komgogodla. Ngokuvamile, intamo ayitholakali nhlobo, futhi ikhanda lingase ligobeke emuva kakhulu kangangokuthi ubuso bomntwana bungase bunamathele esifubeni kanye nesikhumba esingemuva kwekhanda singase sinamathele. Izingane ezinalesi simo zivame ukuzalwa zifile.

Lezi zifo ze-NTD zithinta obani? Zivame kangakanani?

Ama-NTD yizimo ezenzeka ngesikhathi sokuzalwa, okusho ukuthi zithinta ingane ekhulayo . Ziphinde zenzeke phakathi nenyanga yokuqala yokukhulelwa.

Ngokwezibalo kwamanye amazwe omhlaba, `(ama-NTD)` awavamile kakhulu, kodwa kubalulekile ukuwaqaphela. Isibonelo, e-United States of America, lesi simo sibonakala ekukhulelweni okungaba ngu-3000 ngonyaka. Phakathi kwawo, `(i-Spina Bifida)` kanye `(i-Anencephaly)` yizona ezivame kakhulu. Nakuba kunzima ukuthola izibalo eziqondile eSri Lanka, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi lezi zimo zingavela kunoma ubani.

Kungani kwenzeka la maphutha e-neural tube (NTDs)?

Eqinisweni, odokotela nososayensi abakakwazi ukusho ngokuqinisekile ukuthi iyini imbangela eyodwa yalezi zifo ezingapheli. Kodwa-ke, bakholelwa ukuthi kuyinhlanganisela eyinkimbinkimbi yezici zofuzo, ezokudla okunempilo kanye nezemvelo .

Kutholakale ukuthi imbangela enkulu yalokhu izinga eliphansi le-folic acid emzimbeni kamama, ikakhulukazi ngaphambi kokukhulelwa kanye nasemasontweni okuqala okukhulelwa . I-folic acid noma i-folate iyisakhi esibalulekile ekukhuleni kahle kobuchopho bomntwana kanye nomgogodla.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-NTD?

Uhlobo ngalunye lwe-NTD lunezimpawu zalo ezihlukile.

Kwabantwana abane-`(NTD)` ethileAzikho izimpawu. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izingane zingaba nezinkinga ezinkulu . Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, izingane ezine-`(Iniencephaly)` kanye ne-`(Anencephaly)` zivame ukufa ngesikhathi sokuzalwa noma ngokushesha ngemva kokuzalwa.

Izimpawu ezivamile ze-NTD zifaka:

• Izinkinga zomzimba - isibonelo, ukukhubazeka (ukulahlekelwa yizitho zomzimba), ukungakwazi ukulawula umchamo kanye nendle.
• Ukulahlekelwa umbono (ubumpumputhe).
• Ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa (ukungezwa).
• Ukukhubazeka kwengqondo.
• Izimo zokungazi lutho, ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nokufa.

Uma odokotela besola ukuthi ingane yakho ine-"(NTD)", bazokutshela okwengeziwe ngalokhu, njengoba lezi zimo zingahluka kusuka kumntwana kuya komunye.

Ingabe umama uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa?

Cha. Ngisho noma ingane yakho ine-"(NTD)", ngeke ube nezimpawu ezithile ezihlobene nayo. Odokotela bayithola ngokuhlolwa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.

Lawa `(ama-NTD)` atholakala kanjani?

Odokotela bavame ukuxilonga izifo ze-NTD ngokuhlolwa kokukhulelwa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Ukuskena nge-ultrasound kubaluleke kakhulu kulokhu.

Yiziphi izivivinyo ezisetshenziswa ukuhlonza ama-NTD?

Odokotela basebenzisa lezi zivivinyo ukuthola ama-NTD ngaphambi kokuba umntwana azalwe:

• Ukuhlolwa Kwegazi: Phakathi kwamasonto ayi-16 ne-18 okukhulelwa, udokotela wakho angase acele ukuhlolwa ukuze alinganise iphrotheni ebizwa ngokuthi i-alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) egazini lakho. Uma ingane yakho ine-NTD, amazinga egazi likamama ale phrotheni avame ukuba phezulu kunokuvamile (cishe u-75% - 80%). Uma amazinga akho e-AFP ephezulu, udokotela wakho angase acele ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe, njengokuskena kwe-ultrasound.
• I-Ultrasound Yengane Esanda Kuzalwa (Ngaphambi Kokubeletha): Ukuskena nge-ultrasound ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kuyindlela enembile kakhulu yokuthola izifo eziningana ze-NTD. Odokotela bavame ukuncoma ukuskena ku-trimester yokuqala (amasonto 11-14) kanye ne-trimester yesibili (amasonto 18-22). Lezi ziskena zihlola umgogodla nekhanda lomntwana ukuze zibone ukuthi zikhona yini izimpawu ze-NTD.
• I-Amniocentesis: Lokhu kuhlolwa kungahlola ama-NTD kanye nezinye izinkinga zokuzalwa. Kuhilela ukusebenzisa inalithi ukuthatha isampula encane yoketshezi lwe-amniotic oluzungeze umntwana. Lokhu kuvame ukwenziwa phakathi kwamasonto ayi-15 nama-20 okukhulelwa. Kodwa-ke, kunezingozi ezithile ezihlobene nalokhu kuhlolwa, ngakho khuluma nodokotela wakho ngakho.

Ngezinye izikhathi, amanye ama-NTD angatholakala ngemva kokuzalwa komntwana ngokusebenzisa izivivinyo zezithombe ezifana ne-MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) noma i-CT (Computed Tomography) scans.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-NTD?

Ezimweni ezifana ne-`(Spina Bifida)` kanye ne-`(Encephalocele), kunezindlela eziningana zokwelapha kuye ngokuthi isimo sibucayi kangakanani.

Ngeshwa, ayikho ikhambi le-Anencephaly kanye ne-Iniencephaly. Izingane ezinjalo zivame ukufa ngesikhathi sokuzalwa noma ngokushesha ngemva kokuzalwa.

Ukwelashwa kwe-`(i-Spina Bifida)` kanye ne-`(i-Encephalocele)`

Ukwelashwa kwazo zombili izimo kuncike ebunzimeni besimo nokuthi ingane inezinye izinkinga yini. Ukuhlinzwa kuyindlela eyinhloko yokwelapha zombili.

I-Encephalocele ivame ukwelashwa ngokuhlinzwa, lapho ingxenye yobuchopho ephume ekhanda lomntwana, kanye nolwelwesi oluyizungezile, ibuyiselwa ngaphakathi ekhanda, ivale isikhala ekhanda.

I-Myelomeningocele, uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwe-spina bifida, ivame ukwelashwa ngokuhlinzwa ukulungisa imbobo emgogodleni wengane. Lokhu kuhlinzwa kungenziwa ngaphambi kokuba ingane izalwe (ukuhlinzwa kwengane) noma ngokushesha ngemva kokuzalwa (ukuhlinzwa kwangemva kokubeletha) .

Zombili lezi zimo zingadinga ukwelashwa kwesikhathi eside , kuye ngesimo sengane. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kungase kudingeke ukuhlinzwa okwengeziwe, noma izinkinga ezifana ne-hydrocephalus, okuyiqoqo loketshezi oluningi oluzungeze ubuchopho, zingase zidingeke ukwelashwa.

Yiziphi izici eziyingozi zokuthuthukisa i-NTD?

Noma yimuphi owesifazane angaba nomntwana one-``(NTD)``. Kodwa-ke, izici ezithile zingandisa le ngozi. Ake sibone ukuthi ziyini:

• Ukuntuleka kwe-folate (folic acid): Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu. I-folate uhlobo lwe-vitamin B-9. Ibalulekile ekukhuleni okunempilo komntwana. Uma i-folic acid inganele ngaphambi kokukhulelwa kanye nasezinyangeni ezimbalwa zokuqala zokukhulelwa, kunethuba elikhulu lokuthuthukisa i-NTD njenge-Spina Bifida.

Ngakho-ke, uma uhlela ukukhulelwa, noma usuvele ukhulelwe, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthatha amavithamini okukhulelwa anikezwe udokotela wakho. Ngokuvamile kunconywa ukuthi uthathe okungenani ama-microgram angu-400 (mcg) e-folic acid nsuku zonke. Kungumqondo omuhle futhi ukudla ukudla okucebile nge-folate (njengesipinashi, amapheya).

• Umlando womndeni weziphambeko ze-neural tube: Umama oke waba nomntwana one- NTD yangaphambilini usengozini enkulu engu-2% kuya ku-3% yokuthola omunye umntwana onesiphambeko esifanayo. Uma ufuna ukwazi okwengeziwe ngalokhu, kuwumqondo omuhle ukubona umeluleki wezakhi zofuzo.
• Imithi ethile yokuvimbela ukuquleka: Le mithi ingandisa ingozi ye-NTD uma ithathwa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Uma uthatha imithi yesifo sokuquleka, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuba ukhulelwe ukuze ufunde ukuthi imithi izokuthinta kanjani ukukhulelwa kwakho.
• Isifo sikashukela:Omama abakhulelwe abanesifo sikashukela esingalawulwa kahle basengozini enkulu yokuthola umntwana one-``(NTD)''.
• Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile: Le ngozi iphakeme nakomama abakhuluphele ngaphambi kokukhulelwa.
• Ukushisa komzimba okwandisiwe ekuqaleni kokukhulelwa: Uma izinga lokushisa lomzimba wakho likhuphuka (i-hyperthermia) emasontweni okuqala okukhulelwa, kungaba ngenxa yomkhuhlane oqhubekayo noma ngokusebenzisa i-sauna noma i-hot tub, kunengozi encane yokuthola izifo ze-NTD.
• Ukusetshenziswa kwama-opioid ekuqaleni kokukhulelwa: Ama-opioid uhlobo lwemithi yokuqeda izinhlungu engaba umlutha kakhulu. Uma uwasebenzisa ezinyangeni ezimbili zokuqala zokukhulelwa, kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi ube nomntwana one-NTD. Uma ukhulelwe futhi uphuza noma yimuphi umuthi ongase uqukethe ama-opioid, tshela udokotela wakho ngokushesha.

Ingabe ingane ene-`(NTD)` ingasinda?

Yebo, izingane ezinezinkinga ezithile ze-neural tube njenge-`(Spina Bifida)` kanye ne-`(Encephalocele)` zingasinda. Kodwa-ke, njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, izingane ezine-`(Anencephaly)` kanye ne-`(Iniencephaly)` zivame ukufa ngesikhathi sokuzalwa noma ngokushesha ngemva kokuzalwa.

Izingane ezine-`(Spina Bifida),` ikakhulukazi i-`(Myelomeningocele)` noma i-`(Encephalocele),` zisengozini enkulu yokulimala kwemizwa. Lokhu kungaholela ezimweni ezifana nokukhubazeka. Ukulimala kwemizwa kanye nokulahlekelwa umsebenzi okukhona lapho kuzalwa kuvame ukuba phakade. Kodwa-ke, kunezindlela eziningi zokwelapha ezingasiza ekuvimbeleni ukulimala okwengeziwe kanye nezinkinga.

Ezinye izingane ezine-"Spina Bifida" zingasinda ngaphandle kwezinkinga noma izinkinga ezincane kakhulu.

Ngingamnakekela kanjani umntwana wami nge-`(NTD)`?

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula lokhu: Akuzona zonke izingane ezine-NTD ezifanayo. Ikakhulukazi izingane ezine-Spine Bifida kanye ne-Encephalocele zithinteka ngendlela ehlukile. Akunakwenzeka ukubikezela ngqo ukuthi ingane yakho izothinteka kanjani. Into engcono kakhulu ongayenza ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngesimo sengane yakho bese uthola iseluleko kubo.

Njengoba ingane yakho ikhula, ingadinga usizo lwethimba lodokotela ukuze inikeze ukunakekelwa okuhlukahlukene ekudingayo. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukumela ingane yakho nokuqinisekisa ukuthi ithola ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okungcono kakhulu.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela mayelana nezifo ezingapheli?

Uma ingane yakho izalwa ine-NTD, kuzodingeka ibone udokotela noma ithimba lezokwelapha njalo ukuze liyinakekele impilo yayo yonke.

Uma uthatha imithi yesifo sokuwa noma ama-opioid, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuba ukhulelwe ukuze ufunde ukuthi imithi izokuthinta kanjani ukukhulelwa kwakho kanye nethuba lokuba nomntwana one-NTD.

Kuvamile ukuzizwa wesaba futhi ushaqekile lapho uthola ukuthi ingane yakho ine-"(NTD)". Kodwa khumbula, awuwedwa. Kunezinsiza eziningi ezingakusiza wena nomndeni wakho. Kubalulekile ukukhuluma nodokotela onolwazi nge-"(NTD)" ukuze ufunde ukuthi ingane yakho izothinteka kanjani nokuthi ungayilungiselela kanjani.

Okokugcina, izinto okudingeka sizikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Ngiyethemba ukuthi le ngxoxo ikunike umbono othile mayelana "nezinkinga ze-neural tube - NTDs". Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuzazi lezi zinto kusenesikhathi.

• (ama-NTD) yizinkinga zokukhula ezenzeka ebuchosheni bomntwana kanye nasemgogodleni ngesikhathi samasonto okuqala okukhulelwa.
• I-folic acid iyisakhi esibaluleke kakhulu ekuvimbeleni lezi zimo. Ukuthatha i-folic acid nsuku zonke kusukela ngesikhathi ohlela ukukhulelwa kanye nasezinyangeni ezimbalwa zokuqala zokukhulelwa kunganciphisa kakhulu ingozi ye-NTD.
• Ama-NTD angatholakala ngokusebenzisa ama-ultrasound scan ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
• Nakuba ezinye izifo ze-NTD zinezindlela zokwelapha, njengokuhlinzwa, ezinye izimo ezinzima azinawo umuthi.
• Uma unemibuzo noma ukukhathazeka mayelana ne-NTD, qiniseka ukuthi ukhuluma nodokotela wakho.

Sithemba ukuthi lolu lwazi luzokusiza. Sengathi ungathola amandla okuba nomntwana onempilo!

I- Neural Tube Defect, i-NTD, i-Spina Bifida, i-Anencephaly, i-Folic Acid, ukukhulelwa, Izinkinga Zokuzalwa, Izinkinga Ze-Neural Tube