Ingabe ingane yakho inenkinga yempilo yengqondo? Isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo yengane singasiza kanjani?

Akukho okubaluleke ngaphezu kwenjabulo nempilo yezingane zethu. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi, uma sibheka izinkinga zazo kanye noshintsho ekuziphatheni, sizwa nomthwalo omkhulu ezinhliziyweni zethu. Kunezikhathi lapho sicabanga khona, 'Yini engalungile ngengane yami?' Akunjalo? Isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo yezingane singumuntu ongasisiza ngezikhathi ezinjengalezi.

Ubani lo sosayensi wengqondo wezingane?

Kalula nje, isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo kwezingane ngumuntu onokuqeqeshwa okukhethekile namakhono okwelapha ukuhlola nokwelapha izinkinga zempilo yengqondo, ngokomzwelo, kwezenhlalo, kanye nokuziphatha ezinganeni, kusukela ezinsaneni kuya ezinganeni ezindala, ngisho nakubantu abadala abasebasha.

Banokuqonda okuhle ngezidingo eziyisisekelo zengqondo zezingane, kanye nendlela indawo yabo yezenhlalo, njengomndeni, isikole, nabangane, ezithonya ngayo lezi zinto. La mathonya angafaka:

• Ukulungiswa kwezenhlalo kanye nemizwa
• Izinqubo zentuthuko
• Ukuzivumelanisa nokuziphatha

Banolwazi olujulile ngezimo zengqondo nezokuziphatha ezithinta izingane.

Yini eyenziwa yisazi sokusebenza kwengqondo kwezingane?

Isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo yezingane sisebenzisa izindlela namakhono ahlukahlukene lapho sisebenza nezingane. Cabanga ngezinto ezinjengalezi:

• Kwenziwa izivivinyo ezahlukahlukene (`ukuhlolwa nokuhlolwa`) ukuze kuhlolwe izinkinga zengqondo, zobuhlakani, zokuqonda, nezokuziphatha kwengane.
• Izindlela zokwelapha ezifana ne-"Psychotherapy" - okungukuthi, "ukwelashwa ngokukhuluma " - kanye "nokuphathwa kokuziphatha" ziyasetshenziswa.
• Izinhlelo zokuvimbela ziyadalwa ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuxhashazwa, ukuluthwa izidakamizwa, kanye nokukhulelwa kwentsha phakathi kwezingane ezikoleni.
• Baxhumana nabanye ochwepheshe kanye nodokotela abasebenza nezingane futhi babanike iseluleko.

Ngezinye izikhathi, uma ingane inesimo sezokwelapha, isibonelo, uma inenkinga yokulala, inezinhlungu zesikhathi eside, noma uma ihlushwa isifo esingamahlalakhona, izazi zengqondo zezingane nazo ziyabandakanyeka ukusiza lezo zingane.

Izingane ziphathwa ngendlela ehlukile kubantu abadala ngoba iminyaka yazo, amazinga okuqonda, kanye nokuvuthwa kwazo kuhlukile. Ngakho-ke, izazi zengqondo zezingane zingasebenzisa amasu ahlukene okwelapha kuye ngobudala bengane yakho kanye nesimo sayo esithile. Ngezinye izikhathi, kuye ngobudala nezidingo zengane yakho, isazi sengqondo sezingane singakhuluma nawe (noma nabanakekeli) ninodwa ukuze nixoxe ngamakhono okukhulisa izingane noma indlela engcono kakhulu yokuphatha ukuziphatha kwengane yakho.

Yikuphi ukwelashwa abakusebenzisayo?

Nazi ezinye zezindlela zokwelapha abangazisebenzisa:

• `Ukwelashwa ngobuciko` (ukwelashwa ngezinto ezifana nokudweba, ubumba, njll.)
• `Ukwelashwa kokuziphatha` (ukwelashwa kokushintsha amaphethini okuziphatha)
• `Ukwelashwa ngokudlala okugxile ebantwaneni`
• `Ukwelashwa kobudlelwano phakathi kwengane nomzali`
• `Ukwelashwa kokulawula intukuthelo yengane` (ukwelashwa okusiza izingane ukulawula intukuthelo yazo)
• `Ukwelashwa ngokulimala kwengane` (ukwelashwa kokuhlangenwe nakho okubuhlungu okubhekene nengane)
• Ukwelashwa kokuziphatha kwengqondo (i-CBT) (ukwelashwa okusiza ukushintsha imicabango nokuziphatha)
• Ukwelashwa kokuziphatha kwe-Dialectical (DBT) (ukwelashwa okusiza ukulawula imizwa enamandla)
• `Ukwelashwa okugxile ngokomzwelo`
• `Ukwelashwa kweqembu noma komndeni`
• `Ukwelapha ngomculo`
• Ukwelashwa emsebenzini (usizo ngemisebenzi yansuku zonke kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwamakhono)
• `Ukwelashwa kokuxhumana kwabazali nengane`

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwesazi sokusebenza kwengqondo kwezingane kanye nochwepheshe wezokwelapha izingane?

Lona umbuzo abantu abaningi abanawo. Kunomehluko omncane phakathi "koMphilisi Wezingane" kanye "noMphilisi Wengqondo Wezingane".

Kalula nje, umelaphi wezingane ngumuntu oneziqu ze-master emkhakheni ohlobene nempilo yengqondo, njenge-psychology, i-counseling psychology, noma i-marriage and family therapy. Umelaphi wezingane uyafaneleka ukuhlola impilo yengqondo nokuziphatha kwezingane nokusebenzisa izindlela zokwelapha, njengokwelapha ngokukhuluma. Ngokuvamile bagxila kakhulu ekuxazululeni izinkinga.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo kwezingane ngumuntu oneziqu zobudokotela (iziqu ezifana ne-PhD noma i-PsyD) futhi uvame ukuba nokuqeqeshwa okubanzi ocwaningweni lwezengqondo noma emisebenzini yezokwelapha. Okubaluleke kakhulu, izazi zokusebenza kwengqondo kwezingane zingenza izivivinyo eziningi abelaphi abangakwazi ukuzenza. Lezi zivivinyo zingasiza ekuxilongeni izinkinga zempilo yengqondo kanye nokufunda njenge-ADHD (Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder), i-Autism Spectrum Disorder, kanye nomehluko wokufunda.

Ingabe ingane yami idinga isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo noma uchwepheshe wezokwelapha? Ngingamkhetha kanjani ofanele?

Kulungile, manje cishe uyazibuza, 'Ubani ngempela ingane yami edingayo?' Empeleni, nakuba kunezininingi ezifanayo emsebenzini owenziwa abelaphi bezingane kanye nososayensi bezengqondo zezingane, kukhona nomehluko ocacile ezinkonzweni abazinikeza wena nengane yakho.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela wezokwelapha?

Udokotela wezifo zengqondo angasiza ingane yakho ifunde amakhono okubhekana nezimo ezinzima, ilawule imizwa enamandla, futhi yakhe ubudlelwano obuhle emndenini.

Kungaba umqondo omuhle ukuthi ingane yakho ifune usizo kudokotela wezifo zengqondo ezimweni ezilandelayo:

• Khuluma nengane yakho ngemizwa yayo, uma idinga ukwesekwa ngokomzwelo.
• Uma ingane ibhekene nokukhathazeka, ukucindezeleka, intukuthelo, noma izinguquko ezinkulu empilweni.
• Uma udinga usizo lokuthi ungaphatha kanjani ingane yakho kahle nokuthi ungayiphatha kanjani indlela yokuziphatha kwengane yakho enzima.
• Uma ufuna ingane yakho ibone othile njalo futhi ikhulume nothile, futhi ungalindeli imithi noma usizo ngezimo zempilo yengqondo eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Kodwa-ke, uma udinga "ukuxilongwa" komsebenzi wesikole wengane yakho, isibonelo, i-"IEP" (Uhlelo Lwemfundo Yomuntu Ngamunye), uchwepheshe wezokwelapha angase angabi umuntu ongcono kakhulu kulokho. Izikole zivame ukukucela ukuthi usebenzisane nodokotela wengqondo walolu hlobo lwento.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela wengqondo?

Ngenxa yokuthi isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo singenza izivivinyo eziningi ezingatholakali ngodokotela bezokwelapha, zingaba usizo kakhulu ekutholeni imbangela eqondile yezinkinga zengane, noma uma ingane idinga into efana ne-'IEP'.

Kungaba ngumqondo omuhle ukuthi ingane yakho ifune usizo kudokotela wengqondo ezimweni ezilandelayo:

• Uma ucabanga ukuthi ingane yakho inesifo esithinta ukufunda kwayo noma ukusebenzisana kwayo nabantu, isibonelo, i-ADHD, umehluko wokufunda, noma i-Autism Spectrum Disorder.
• Uma ingane idinga usizo lokuphatha izinkinga zemizwa noma zokuziphatha.
• Uma udinga ukuxilongwa okuningiliziwe ngengane yakho.
• Enye yezinhloso zokwelashwa kwakho ukuthola ukuthi yiziphi izinguquko ezingenziwa ekhaya nokuthi yiziphi izinguquko ezingenziwa esikoleni sengane yakho ukuze kusekelwe ingane yakho.

Ungakwazi yini ukubanika umuthi bobabili?

Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu futhi. Njengabelaphi bezingane, izazi zengqondo zezingane azikwazi ukunikeza imithi. Uma ingane yakho idinga imithi yokwelapha isifo sengqondo esiyinkimbinkimbi, kufanele uyiyise kudokotela wezifo zengqondo wezingane . Udokotela wezifo zengqondo udokotela wezokwelapha ogxile ekuxilongeni, ekwelapheni, nasekuvimbeleni ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo, ngokomzwelo, kanye nokuziphatha. Yibo abangakunikeza imithi.

Yiziphi izimo ezelashwa yisazi sokusebenza kwengqondo kwezingane?

Izazi zengqondo zezingane zingaphatha izinkinga ezahlukahlukene zokuziphatha, ezingokomzwelo, zenhlalo, kanye nempilo yengqondo ezinganeni nakubantu abasha. Zingasiza futhi ngezinkinga ezibangela ukucindezeleka nezinkinga ezivela esikoleni, emndenini, nasempilweni jikelele.

Nazi ezinye izimo kanye nezimo lapho zisiza khona:

• Ukuhlukumeza, okusho ukuhlukumeza ngokomzimba, ngokomzwelo, nangokocansi noma ukunganakwa kwengane.
• Izinkinga zentukuthelo.
• Ukubhekana nokuxilongwa okusha noma ukuphila nesifo esingamahlalakhona.
• Ukubhekana nesehlukaniso sabazali noma ezinye izinkinga zomndeni.
• Ukukhubazeka kokukhula nokufunda, isibonelo 'i-ADHD' (ukuphazamiseka kokunganaki kahle), 'ukukhubazeka kwengqondo', 'i-Autism Spectrum Disorder', 'i-Dyslexia' (ubunzima bokufunda) kanye 'nezinkinga zokuxhumana'.
• Izinkinga zokuziphatha eziphazamisayo, njenge-conduct disorder kanye ne-oppositional deficient disorder.
• Izinkinga zokudla, isibonelo i-Anorexia, i-Bulimia kanye ne-Binge eating disorder.
• Usizi nokulahlekelwa.
• Izinkinga zobunikazi kanye nokuzethemba, njenge-Body Dysmorphic Disorder (ukukhathazeka okungavamile ngokubukeka komzimba).
• Izimo zempilo yengqondo, isibonelo, ukucindezeleka, ukukhathazeka, ukwesaba, i-Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) (imicabango nezenzo ezingafuneki) kanye ne-Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) (ukucindezeleka okwenzeka ngemva kokulimala).
• Izinkinga ezimweni zomphakathi.
• Izinkinga zokulala, njengokungalali kahle, amaphupho amabi, kanye nokukhathazeka ngokulala.
• Ukucindezeleka okuhlobene nezinguquko ezinkulu empilweni.

Ngingazi kanjani ukuthi ingane yami idinga usizo lukadokotela wengqondo wezingane?

Lona ngumbuzo omkhulu kunayo yonke abazali abaningi abanawo. Kunengqondo ukuzibuza, 'Ingabe ingane yami iyaludinga ngempela usizo kudokotela wengqondo?' Eqinisweni, ukwelashwa kuyithuluzi eliwusizo kokubili kubantu abadala nasezinganeni, okunikeza indawo ephephile yokukhuluma nokubhekana nokucindezeleka kokuphila, izinkinga zempilo yengqondo, noma ubunzima besikhashana.

Umazi kangcono ingane yakho. Uma unomuzwa wokuthi ingane yakho inenkinga ngomsebenzi wesikole, ubudlelwano nabangani, ukulawula imizwa, ukuziphatha, kanye/noma ukufunda, kungase kube kuhle ukuthola usizo kudokotela wengqondo yezingane.

Nazi ezinye izimo ezivamile kanye nokuziphatha ongazibheka ukuze zikusize unqume ukuthi ingane yakho kufanele ibonane nodokotela wengqondo wezingane nokuthi nini:

• Uma ingane yakho ibhekene noshintsho olukhulu noma isimo esicindezelayo, isibonelo, ukuxhashazwa esikoleni, isimo sempilo, isehlukaniso sabazali, noma ukuthuthela edolobheni elisha noma esikoleni.
• Izinkinga zengqondo, zemizwa, kanye/noma zokuziphatha kwengane azithuthuki ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.Uma kubonakala sengathi kuya kuba kubi kakhulu.
• Uma ingane yakho noma othile emndenini wakho eke wabhekana nesenzakalo esibuhlungu (ukuhlukumezeka), isibonelo, ukufa, ingozi, noma ukuhlukunyezwa.
• Uma ubona izinguquko ezinkulu ebuntwini bengane yakho kanye/noma ekuziphatheni kwayo. Cabanga nje ukuthi ingane yakho, eyayivame ukukhuluma kakhulu futhi imomotheka, manje ibonakala isekamelweni layo njalo futhi ingakhulumi namuntu.
• Uma ingane inenkinga yokwenza abangane nokugcina ubudlelwano obuhle nabo.
• Uma amamaki engane yakho ehla esikoleni, noma uma ihlala inezinkinga zokuziphatha esikoleni.

Umuntu uba kanjani isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo kwezingane?

Ukuba yisazi sokusebenza kwengqondo kwezingane akulula. Kudinga ukuzinikela okukhulu kanye nemfundo. Kalula nje, udinga ukuqedela lezi zinyathelo:

• Iziqu zeminyaka emine (`iziqu ze-bachelor') ezivela eyunivesithi.
• Bese kuba khona iziqu ze-postgraduate zeminyaka emine kuya kweyisithupha, noma iziqu zobudokotela (PhD noma PsyD). Lokhu kugxile kakhulu kwi-psychology yengane.
• Ukuqeqeshwa kwesikhathi esigcwele konyaka owodwa ngesikhathi se-postgraduate degree.
• Kumelwe uphumelele ukuhlolwa kwezinga likazwelonke kanye nezivivinyo ezengeziwe ezifanele izwe/isifunda osebenza kuso.
• Ezindaweni eziningi, kufanele uqede omunye unyaka wokusebenza ngaphansi kokuqondisa ngaphambi kokuba uthole ilayisensi njengososayensi wengqondo yezingane. Izazi eziningi zengqondo yezingane bese ziqhubeka nokuqeqeshwa okwengeziwe ukuze zithole ulwazi.
• Odokotela bengqondo bezingane abanelayisensi nabo bayadingeka ukuthi baqedele izinhlelo zemfundo eqhubekayo, njengemihlangano, ucwaningo, kanye namakilasi, njalo ngonyaka empilweni yabo yobungcweti ukuze bahlale benolwazi ngentuthuko entsha emkhakheni wabo.

Ngakho ungabona ukuthi lokhu kudinga ukuzinikela okungakanani. Yingakho benolwazi lokusiza ingane yakho. Ngokuvamile kungathatha iminyaka engu-8 kuya kwengu-12 noma ngaphezulu ukuba yisazi sokusebenza kwengqondo kwezingane esinelayisensi.

Okokugcina, into ebaluleke kakhulu!

Ekugcineni, kungaba nzima ukuvuma ukuthi ingane yakho inenkinga engqondweni, ngokomzwelo, emphakathini, noma ekuziphatheni, kodwa kubalulekile ukuthola usizo lochwepheshe.

Isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo kwezingane singanikeza ingane yakho indawo ephephile, esekelayo, nengahluleli ukuze ikhulume ngemizwa yayo futhi iyiqonde. Bangochwepheshe emkhakheni wabo futhi banolwazi oluhle ngocwaningo lwakamuva kanye nokwelashwa okungasiza ingane yakho.

Khumbula, isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo sengane yakho sizosebenzisana nawe kanye nengane yakho ukuthuthukisa uhlelo lokwelashwa olufanela kahle ingane yakho. Awuwedwa, futhi akukaze kube sekwephuzile ukucela usizo.

` Isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo sezingane, impilo yengqondo, ukuziphatha kwengane, ukwelashwa, ukwelulekwa, i-ADHD, i-autism