Ingabe izivikelo zomzimba wakho ziphansi? Ake sixoxe nge-neutropenia!

Ingabe uvame ukugula? Noma ingabe udokotela wake wabheka ukuhlolwa kwegazi lakho wathi, "Amaseli akho amhlophe egazi aphansi kancane?" Mhlawumbe unomkhuhlane, uzizwa ubuthakathaka kancane, kodwa awukwazi ukuthola ukuthi kungani. Ngezikhathi ezinjengalezi, kungabaluleka kakhulu ukuthi uqaphele lesi simo esibizwa ngokuthi i-neutropenia, esikhuluma ngaso namuhla. Ungakhathazeki, ake sikuchaze kalula.

Kuyini i-neutropenia? Kulula kakhulu!

Kalula nje, i-neutropenia yisimo lapho igazi lakho linenani eliphansi kunelijwayelekile lohlobo lweseli elimhlophe legazi elibizwa ngokuthi ama-neutrophils. Cabanga ngala ma-neutrophils njengamaphoyisa aqeqeshwe ngokukhethekile emizimbeni yethu. Yiwo alwa namagciwane, njengebhaktheriya namagciwane, angena emizimbeni yethu futhi asivikele ezifweni.

La masosha abizwa ngokuthi ama-neutrophil enziwa kakhulu efektri ngaphakathi komnkantsha wethu. Ngakho-ke, lapho inani lala ma-neutrophil lehla, ikhono lomzimba wethu lokulwa namagciwane nalo liyancipha. Lokho kusho ukuthi amathuba okuthola izifo ayanda kakhulu. Kwezinye izimo ezimbi kakhulu, ngisho namabhaktheriya avame ukubangela inkinga enkulu kumuntu ophilile, njengalawo asemilonyeni noma emathunjini ethu, angabangela ukugula okukhulu. Uyaqonda?

Kufanele libe yini izinga elijwayelekile lama-neutrophil?

I-Neutropenia ihlukaniswa ngokwenani lama-neutrophil kusampula yegazi. Ngokuvamile kuyamukelwa ukuthi umuntu omdala kufanele abe nama-neutrophil okungenani angu-1,500 nge-microliter ngayinye yegazi. (Abanye babheka lo mkhawulo njengo-1,800). Nansi indlela ehlukaniswa ngayo:

• I-neutropenia encane: Phakathi kwama-neutrophil ayi-1,000 - 1,500.
• I-neutropenia ephakathi nendawo: Phakathi kwama-neutrophil angu-500 kuya ku-1,000.
• I-neutropenia enzima: Ama-neutrophil angaphansi kwama-500.

Lesi simo singaba sesikhashana (esibucayi) noma eside (esingamahlalakhona). Singazalwa naso noma sitholakale.

Ubani onamathuba amaningi okuthuthukisa i-neutropenia?

I-neutropenia ngezinye izikhathi ingabangelwa ukutheleleka. Kodwa-ke, ivame ukubonakala njengomphumela ongemuhle wokwelashwa komdlavuza, ikakhulukazi i-chemotherapy. Abacwaningi bathi abantu abangafika ku-50% abathola i-chemotherapy bangase babe ne-neutropenia.

Kukhona olunye uhlobo olubizwa ngokuthi i-'Benign Ethnic Neutropenia (BEN).' Lesi yisimo sokuzalwa, sesikhathi eside. Sivame kakhulu kubantu base-Afrika, eMpumalanga Ephakathi, naseNtshonalanga yeNdiya. Laba bantu banenani lama-neutrophil elingaphansi kuka-1,500, kodwa abasengozini enkulu yokuthola izifo.

I-neutropenia ithinta kanjani umzimba wami?

Imiphumela ye-neutropenia iyahlukahluka kuye ngenani lakho le-neutrophil. Umuntu one-neutropenia encane angase angabi nazimpawu. Ivame ukutholakala ngengozi ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwegazi kwesinye isimo. Kodwa-ke, uma une-neutropenia ephakathi kuya kwenzima, usengozini enkulu yokuthola izifo. I-neutropenia enzima ingaba yingozi empilweni uma ingelashwa kahle. Yingakho kubalulekile ukuqaphela lesi simo.

Kungani kwenzeka i-neutropenia? Ziyini izimbangela?

I-Neutropenia ingabangelwa yizici ezintathu eziyinhloko:

1. Umnkantsha wakho awukhiqizi ama-neutrophil anele.

2. Ukuwohloka okusheshayo (ukubhujiswa) kwama-neutrophil akhiqizwayo.

3. Noma, ukubhubhisa ama-neutrophil akhekile.

Nazi ezinye zezizathu zokuthi kungani:

• Izimo zofuzo: Ngezinye izikhathi lesi simo singadluliselwa kusuka kubazali siye ezinganeni ngokusebenzisa izakhi zofuzo. I-Benign Ethnic Neutropenia (BEN), i-Cyclic neutropenia, kanye ne-Severe congenital neutropenia ngezinye zezinhlobo ezibangelwa yilezo zimbangela zofuzo.
• Izifo: I-Neutropenia ingabangelwa futhi izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, amagciwane, kanye nezibangelwa yizinambuzane. Izibonelo zifaka phakathi i-HIV, i-hepatitis, isifo sofuba, i-sepsis (ukutheleleka okukhulu kwegazi), kanye nesifo se-Lyme.
• Umdlavuza: Umdlavuza ofana ne-leukemia, i-lymphoma, nezinye izifo ezihilela igazi noma umongo wamathambo zingabangela ukuthi umzimba ungakwazi ukukhiqiza amangqamuzana egazi amhlophe anempilo owadingayo, okuholela ku-neutropenia.
• Imithi: Ukwelashwa komdlavuza, njengokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kanye nokwelashwa ngemisebe, kungalimaza ama-neutrophil kanye nomnkantsha owakhiqizayo. Futhi, eminye imithi yezinye izimo ezingezona ezomdlavuza inganciphisa amazinga e-neutrophil njengomphumela ongemuhle.
• Ukushoda kokudla okunempilo: I-Neutropenia ingenzeka uma umzimba ungatholi amavithamini namaminerali anele, njenge-vitamin B12, i-folate, noma ithusi.
• Ukuntuleka kwe-Autoimmune: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho isimiso sethu somzimba sokuzivikela singasiqondi kahle isimiso sethu somzimba sokuzivikela futhi senza ama-antibodies abhubhisa ama-neutrophil anempilo. Kufana nebutho lethu elizihlasela lona. Isifo sikaCrohn, i-lupus, kanye ne-rheumatoid arthritis ngezinye zalezi zimo.

Ngezinye izikhathi kuba nesimo esibizwa ngokuthi `i-Chronic idiopathic neutropenia`. Okusho ukuthi, kukhona i-neutropenia, kodwa imbangela eqondile ayitholakali .

Kungani ukwelashwa komdlavuza kubangela i-neutropenia?

Ukwelashwa komdlavuza njenge-chemotherapy kuyimithi enamandla kakhulu. Kubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Kodwa-ke, kungalimaza namaseli anempilo ahlukana ngokushesha. Ama-neutrophil ethu kanye namaseli omnkantsha awenzayo nawo ahlukanisa ngokushesha amaseli. Yingakho i-neutropenia ivame kakhulu ngesikhathi se-chemotherapy. Amazinga e-neutrophil avame ukwehla kakhulu phakathi kwamasonto amabili okuqala okwelashwa. Ngemva kwalokho, ayanda kancane kancane futhi.

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthatha izinyathelo ezengeziwe zokuzivikela ezifweni phakathi nalesi sikhathi, njengoba lesi yisikhathi lapho izivikelo zomzimba zibuthakathaka kakhulu.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-neutropenia?

I-Neutropenia ngokwayo ayinazo izimpawu ezithile. Kodwa-ke, uma uthola izifo ngenxa ye-neutropenia, ungase ube nezimpawu zalezo zifo. Ukutheleleka okuvamile kungaba uphawu lwe-neutropenia. Nazi ezinye zezimpawu:

• Umkhuhlane (ikakhulukazi isimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-febrile neutropenia)
• Ukukhathala
• Umphimbo obuhlungu (Pharyngitis)
• Ama-lymph node avuvukele
• Izilonda emlonyeni noma eduze kwendunu
• Ubuhlungu, ukuvuvukala, kanye nokubomvu endaweni yokutheleleka
• Ukungagayi kahle ukudla, isifo sohudo
• Izimpawu zomchamo, njengokusha lapho uchama kanye nokuchama njalo

Uma une-neutropenia encane, ungase ube nama-neutrophil anele emzimbeni wakho ukulwa nezifo. Uma kunjalo, ungase ungabi nazo izimpawu.

I-neutropenia itholakala kanjani?

Ukuhlolwa okuyinhloko nokulula kakhulu kokuxilonga lokhu ukubalwa kwegazi okuphelele (i-CBC) okune-differential . Uma uphathwa njengokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali, udokotela wakho uzokwenza njalo lokhu kuhlolwa ukuze aqaphe amazinga akho e-neutrophil.

Uma udokotela wakho engaqiniseki ukuthi yini ebangela i-neutropenia yakho, angase acele ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe. Isibonelo, isampula yomnkantsha wakho ingathathwa futhi ihlolwe ngaphansi kwe-microscope. Lokhu kuhlolwa kunganquma ukuthi ama-neutrophil akhiqizwa kahle yini emnkantsha wakho, noma ukuthi ayabhujiswa yini ngemva kokuba ekhiqizwe. Lolu lwazi lungasiza udokotela wakho ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-neutropenia?

Ezinye izinhlobo ze-neutropenia zingase zingadingi ukwelashwa. Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zincike embangeni wamazinga akho aphansi e-neutrophil.

Lokhu okulandelayo kungenziwa njengokwelashwa:

• Ama-antibiotic: Uma une-febrile neutropenia enomkhuhlane, ama-antibiotic angasindisa impilo. Uzovame ukungeniswa esibhedlela futhi unikezwe ama-antibiotic, njenge-saline, ngemithambo yegazi. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, kuzokwenziwa izivivinyo ukuthola imbangela yokutheleleka.
• Ama-Corticosteroids: Uma une-neutropenia ebangelwa yisimo sokuzivikela komzimba, udokotela wakho angase akunike umuthi obizwa ngokuthi ama-corticosteroids. Le mithi inciphisa ukusebenza kwesimiso sakho somzimba sokuzivikela, okubhubhisa ama-neutrophils akho.
• I-Granulocyte colon-stimulating factor (G-CSF): Udokotela wakho angase futhi akunike imithi evuselela umongo wakho wamathambo ukuthi ukhiqize amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi. Uma uthola i-chemotherapy, ungase unikezwe lo mjovo we-G-CSF.

Uma kutholakala ukuthi i-neutropenia ibangelwa umuthi owuthathayo, udokotela wakho uzokutshela ukuthi uyeke ukuthatha lowo muthi noma ushintshe umthamo.

Ingabe i-neutropenia ingavinjelwa?

Asikwazi ukuvimbela izinhlobo ze-neutropenia yokuzalwa nazo. Kodwa-ke, uma unikezwa i-chemotherapy, uma udokotela wakho esola ukuthi amazinga akho e-neutrophil aphansi, angase abambezele umjikelezo olandelayo we-chemotherapy noma anciphise umthamo. Bangase futhi batuse umjovo we-G-CSF ukuze kwandiswe ukukhiqizwa kwamaseli amhlophe egazi.

Ngingazivikela kanjani ezifweni uma ngine-neutropenia?

Uma wazi ukuthi ama-neutrophil akho aphansi, kunezinyathelo eziningi ongazithatha ukuze uzivikele ezifweni. Lezi yizinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okufanele uzikhumbule.

• Geza izandla zakho njalo ngensipho noma usebenzise isihlanzi sezandla esinotshwala.
• Kubandakanya umkhuhlane kanye ne-Covid-19 `(COVID-19)`Thola yonke imijovo yakho ngesikhathi.
• Gwema abantu abagulayo kanye nezindawo ezinabantu abaningi lapho ungase uhlangane khona nomuntu ogulayo.
• Qaphela imihuzuko, ukusikeka, kanye namanxeba (kufaka phakathi ama-tattoo kanye nokubhoboza umzimba). Yelapha noma yimuphi umonakalo wesikhumba ngokushesha.
• Geza izithelo nemifino kahle, uhlukanise inyama nenhlanzi kokunye ukudla, bese ulungisa ukudla ekhishini elihlanzekile, ukupheke kahle. Ngale ndlela, ungavimbela ukusabalala kwamagciwane.
• Ungabelani ngezitsha zokudla, izinkomishi, noma ukudla neziphuzo nabanye.
• Ungabelani ngezinto ezifana namathawula, izinsingo, namabhulashi amazinyo nabanye.
• Uma usebenza engadini, gqoka amagilavu.
• Gwema ukususa imfucuza yezilwane ezifuywayo nokushintsha amanabukeni asanda kuzalwa ngangokunokwenzeka (uma kufanele, gqoka amagilavu ​​​​futhi ugeze izandla zakho kahle uma usuqedile).
• Gwema ukusebenzisa amachibi, amachibi, imifula, kanye nama-hot tub.
• Sebenzisa imithi njengoba nje udokotela wakho ekuyalele ukuvimbela izifo.

Amaningi alawa macebiso ayizinto esivame ukuzenza ukuze sihlale siphilile. Kodwa-ke, uma une-neutropenia, udinga ukuqaphela kakhulu. Buza udokotela wakho ukuthi yini enye ongayenza ukuze uzivikele ezifweni, kuye ngendlela ophila ngayo kanye nesimo sakho sempilo.

Iyini i-prognosis kubantu abane-neutropenia? (Isibikezelo)

I-neutropenia ingelashwa, ngakho-ke abantu abaningi banethemba elihle. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuvimbela ukutheleleka nokufuna ukwelashwa ngokushesha (uma kwenzeka ugula).

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Uma uthola i-chemotherapy noma unesinye isimo esingabangela i-neutropenia, bona udokotela ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu, noma ushayele udokotela wakho ngokushesha ukuze uthole iseluleko salokho okufanele ukwenze:

• Umkhuhlane ongama-degrees Celsius angu-100.4 noma ngaphezulu.
• Ukujuluka noma ukuthuthumela ngenxa yokubanda.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula.
• Ukuminyana kwamakhala.
• Ukuqina komphimbo noma kwentamo.
• Ukukhwehlela okusha noma ukukhwehlela okubi kakhulu okukhona.
• Uhudo kanye/noma ukuhlanza.
• Ukuphuma koketshezi noma ukulunywa kwesitho sangasese sowesifazane.
• Ubuhlungu, ukubomvu, noma ukuvuvukala noma kuphi emzimbeni.
• Ushintsho ekuchameni (ubuhlungu, ukusha, isidingo sokuhlanza njalo).
• Ukuqala okusha kobuhlungu, ikakhulukazi esiswini noma endukwini.
• Ukuzizwa udidekile noma uhlukile engqondweni kunokuvamile.
• Ukuzizwa ukhathele kakhulu noma ungaphilile kahle.

Indlela obhekana ngayo ne-neutropenia incike ekutheni yini ebangele ukuthi amazinga akho e-neutrophil ehle. Uma amazinga akho ephansi ngenxa yokutheleleka kwamuva, cishe azobuyela esimweni esijwayelekile njengoba umzimba wakho ululama. Uma i-neutropenia yakho ibangelwa ukugula kwesikhathi eside noma ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali, udokotela wakho uzoqapha amazinga akho e-neutrophil njalo ukuze avimbele izinkinga ezivela ekuthelelekeni. Buza udokotela wakho ukuthi i-neutropenia yakho idinga ukuhlolwa njalo kwezokwelapha kanye nemithi yokuvimbela ukutheleleka.

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

I-Neutropenia yisimo lapho amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi omzimba, abizwa ngokuthi ama-neutrophils, ephansi khona. Lokhu kwandisa ingozi yokutheleleka. Lesi simo sivame kakhulu kubantu abathola ukwelashwa komdlavuza njenge-chemotherapy.

Akuyona into okufanele ukhathazeke ngayo, kunezindlela zokwelapha lokhu. Into ebaluleke kakhulu yile:

• Landela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho ngqo.
• Ukuthatha zonke izinyathelo ezingenzeka ukuze uzivikele ekuthelelekeni.
• Uma ubona noma yiziphi izimpawu zokutheleleka, njengomkhuhlane , funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Uma ukwazi lokhu futhi uthatha izinyathelo zokuphepha, ungahlala uphilile ngisho noma une-neutropenia. Ungalokothi unqikaze ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho nganoma yimiphi imibuzo noma ukukhathazeka ongase ube nakho.

I- Neutropenia, ama-neutrophils, amaseli amhlophe egazi, ukuzivikela komzimba, izifo, umdlavuza, i-chemotherapy