Wake wahlolwa igazi wabheka umbiko wacabanga, "Kusho ukuthini lokhu?" Phakathi kwamagama afana ne-WBC, RBC, kanye ne-Platelet, kungenzeka ukuthi uke wabona igama elithi "Neutrophils." Esikhathini esiningi, asizinaki kakhulu lezi zinto futhi simane silalele lokho okushiwo udokotela. Kodwa bewazi ukuthi lezi neutrophils ziyiqembu elibaluleke kakhulu nelisebenza kahle kakhulu lamasosha emzimbeni wethu? Namuhla, sizokhuluma ngala ma-neutrophils asebenza buthule ukukuvikela ezifweni ezingaphakathi emzimbeni wakho.
Kalula nje, obani laba bantu abane-neutrophils?
Cabanga nje ukuthi umzimba wakho uyizwe elikhulu. Kukhona ibutho elikhulu lokuvikela leli lizwe. Leli butho yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi "uHlelo Lokuzivikela Emzimbeni". Leli butho linamagatsha ahlukene. Ngokufanayo, kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zamaseli egazini lethu.
Ama-neutrophil uhlobo olukhethekile lweseli egazini lethu olubizwa ngokuthi ama-White Blood Cells (noma ama-Leukocyte). Lawa maseli amhlophe egazi ayibutho lomzimba wethu. Kuleli butho, ama-neutrophil ayibutho elikhethekile elisezintanjeni zangaphambili, lokuqala ukugijimela kunoma iyiphi impi. Njengeyunithi yokuhlasela yamaphoyisa.
Ama-neutrophil akha phakathi kuka-55% no-70% wamaseli amhlophe egazini lethu. Ngaleli nani, cishe ungaqonda ukuthi lawa maseli abaluleke kangakanani ekugcineni imizimba yethu iphilile. Ngokwezokwelapha, angohlobo lweseli elibizwa ngokuthi ama-granulocytes. Lokhu kusho ukuthi lawa maseli aqukethe ama-granule amancane angabhubhisa amagciwane.
Ngakho-ke uyini umsebenzi wangempela wala ma-neutrophil?
Umsebenzi oyinhloko nobaluleke kakhulu wama-neutrophil ukulwa nezifo.
Ake siqonde lokhu ngesibonelo esincane. Ake sithi usebenza ekhishini bese usika umunwe wakho ngephutha emmeseni. Inxeba elisikiwe manje livula indlela yokuthi amagciwane anjengamabhaktheriya namagciwane avela endaweni ezungezile angene emzimbeni wakho.
Yilapho amasosha ethu e-neutrophil eqala khona umsebenzi wawo.
1. Ukuthola ucingo oluphuthumayo: Amaseli alimele kanye namagciwane ahlaselayo akhipha izimpawu ezithile zamakhemikhali. Lokhu kufana nocingo oluphuthumayo oluthi, "Kukhona isitha lapha, woza ngokushesha!"
2. Ngokushesha endaweni yempi: Lapho bethola lesi siginali, izinkulungwane zama-neutrophil azulazula emithanjeni yegazi agijimela endaweni yokulimala. Lawa ngamaseli okuqala omzimba afika lapho (Abaphenduli Bokuqala).
3. Ukuzungeza nokusibekela isitha:Ama-neutrophil afike enkundleni yempi azungeza futhi 'agwinye' amagciwane, njengebhaktheriya, angene emzimbeni. Sibiza le nqubo ngokuthi "i-phagocytosis." Kalula nje, abamba igciwane, aligwinye, bese esebenzisa ama-enzyme angaphakathi emzimbeni wawo ukuze aligaye futhi alibhubhise.
4. Imiphumela yokulwa: Yilapho inxeba liba bomvu kancane, livuvuke, futhi lifudumale. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi ukuvuvukala. Ngezinye izikhathi inxeba lakho "liyaphuma", akunjalo? Lobo bomvu buvame ukuba yiqoqo lamaseli e-neutrophil afa empini, abhubhisa amagciwane, kanye nezingcezu zezicubu.
Ngemva kokulawula ukutheleleka ngale ndlela, ama-neutrophil nawo ayasiza ekuqaleni inqubo yokuphulukiswa kwenxeba. Ngakho-ke manje usuyaqonda ukuthi la maseli amancane enza umsebenzi omkhulu kangakanani emizimbeni yethu?
Ama-neutrophil akheka futhi aphile kanjani?
La mandla akhethekile abizwa ngokuthi ama-neutrophils akhiqizwa emnkantsheni wethu wamathambo. Kufana nesikole sokuqeqesha amasosha. Lapho, ngemva kokwakheka nokuvuthwa ngokugcwele, la maseli akhishwa angene egazini. Bese, ahamba emzimbeni wonke ngegazi, ezulazula ezicutshini nasezinhlayiyeni ze-lymph, efuna izitha.
Into emangalisayo ukuthi isikhathi sokuphila saleli seli le-neutrophil sifushane kakhulu. Singaphansi kwamahora angama-24. Lokho kusho ukuthi ama-neutrophil emzimbeni wethu namuhla awafani nalawo asemzimbeni wethu kusasa. Ngenxa yalokhu, umnkantsha wethu kufanele wenze izigidigidi zama-neutrophil amasha nsuku zonke (umuntu omdala onempilo wenza angaphezu kwezigidigidi eziyi-100 ngosuku). Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi umzimba wethu ukulungele kangakanani ukuzivikela ezifweni.
Izimo ezibangelwa izinguquko ekubalweni kwe-neutrophil
Njenganoma yini, inani lama-neutrophil emizimbeni yethu kufanele libe ngaphakathi kwebanga elithile. Umuntu omdala onempilo kufanele abe nama-neutrophil aphakathi kuka-2,500 no-7,000 nge-microliter ngayinye yegazi. Uma leli nani liphansi kakhulu noma liphakeme kakhulu kunejwayelekile, kungaba uphawu lwenkinga yempilo.
| Isimo | Incazelo | Izimbangela ezingaba khona kakhulu |
|---|---|---|
| I-Neutropenia | Ukwehla kwamazinga e-neutrophil. |
|
| I-Neutrophilia | Amazinga e-neutrophil akhuphukile . |
Into ebalulekile ukuthi inani eliphansi noma eliphakeme lama-neutrophil akusona isifo, kumane kuyisibonakaliso noma inkomba yokuthi kukhona okwenzekayo emzimbeni. Umsebenzi kadokotela ukuthola ukuthi yini ebangela lokhu.
Yiziphi izimpawu ezibonisa inkinga ngenani lama-neutrophil?
Uma inani lakho lama-neutrophil liphansi noma liphezulu ngendlela engavamile, ungase ube nezimpawu ezithile. Ikakhulukazi uma ama-neutrophil ephansi (i-neutropenia), ikhono lomzimba lokulwa nezifo liyancishiswa, okwenza kube lula ukuthi ugule.
Uma unalezi zimpawu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona udokotela bese ukhuluma ngakho.
| Isibonakaliso | Kungasho ukuthini |
|---|---|
| Ukutheleleka okuvamile | Ngenxa yama-neutrophil aphansi, amasosha omzimba aba buthaka. Ngakho-ke, izinto ezifana nomkhuhlane, umkhuhlane, kanye nokutheleleka komphimbo kungavela kalula. |
| Umkhuhlane oqala ngaphandle kwesizathu | Umkhuhlane uwuphawu olubalulekile lokuthi umzimba ulwa nokutheleleka. Kungase kube nokutheleleka emzimbeni okuhlotshaniswa nokwehla noma ukwanda kwama-neutrophils. |
| Amanxeba angapholi | Uma amanxeba, ikakhulukazi lawo asemlonyeni noma e-rectum, ethatha isikhathi eside ukuphola, kungaba uphawu lokuthi isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela sibuthakathaka. |
| Ama-lymph node noma amalunga avuvukile | Uma ulwa nokutheleleka, ama-lymph node angavuvukala. Ngezinye izikhathi, ungase ubone nokuvuvukala emalungeni akho. |
| Ukukhathala okukhulu (Ukukhathala) | Uma umzimba ulwa njalo nokutheleleka noma ngenxa yokugula, ungazizwa ukhathele kakhulu. |
Hlobo luni lokuhlolwa oluzokwenziwa udokotela?
Uma ukhuluma ngalezi zimpawu, udokotela uzokuxilonga futhi uvame ukukuyalela ukuthi uhlolwe igazi.
- Ukubalwa Kwegazi Okuphelele (CBC): Okubizwa nangokuthi i-FBC (Isibalo Segazi Esigcwele), lokhu kunikeza isithombe esijwayelekile samanani azo zonke izinhlobo zamaseli egazini lakho, njengamaseli abomvu egazi, amaseli amhlophe egazi, nama-platelet.
- Inani Eliphelele Lama-Neutrophil (ANC): Lokhu kulinganisa inani langempela lama-neutrophil egazini lakho. Lesi yisilingo esibaluleke kakhulu sokunquma amazinga akho e-neutrophil.
Ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yalezi zivivinyo, udokotela wakho angase anqume ukwenza ezinye izivivinyo ukuze athole isimo esiyisisekelo esibangela ukuba inani lama-neutrophil akho lehle noma likhuphuke.
Siligcina kanjani ibutho lethu lama-neutrophil liphilile?
Kungumthwalo wethu ukugcina lezi zivikelo zomzimba ziqinile. Lokho kusho ukugcina amasosha ethu omzimba eqinile. Lokhu akudingi msebenzi omningi, kunemikhuba embalwa elula esingayifaka ekuphileni kwethu kwansuku zonke.
- Nakekela ukuhlanzeka: Ukugeza izandla zakho kahle ngensipho namanzi njalo kungasiza kakhulu ekuvimbeleni ukusabalala kwamagciwane.
- Yidla ukudla okulinganiselayo: Faka imifino, izithelo, kanye nemifino ekudleni kwakho, okucebile ngamavithamini namaminerali. Lezi zakhamzimba zibalulekile ekukhiqizweni nasekusebenzeni kwamaseli ethu omzimba.
- Phatha kahle ukulimala:Ngisho noma kuyinxeba elincane, lihlanze kahle bese ufaka imithi uma kudingeka ukuze uvimbele ukutheleleka.
- Lala ngokwanele: Ukulala kahle ebusuku nsuku zonke kubaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni kahle kwesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela.
- Gwema ukubhema: Ukubhema kwenza buthaka amasosha omzimba futhi kungabangela nenani eliphezulu kakhulu lama-neutrophil.
Ukulandela lezi zinto kuzonikeza amasosha akho omzimba, ikakhulukazi lawa masosha e-neutrophil, amandla amakhulu okuhlala uphilile.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ama-neutrophil awuhlobo lweseli elimhlophe legazi elilwa namagciwane angena emizimbeni yethu. Afana namasosha angaphambili esimiso sethu somzimba sokuzivikela.
- Uma ukuhlolwa kwegazi lakho kubonisa inani eliphansi le-neutrophil (neutropenia) noma eliphezulu (neutrophilia), kuyisibonakaliso sokuthi kukhona okwenzekayo emzimbeni, hhayi isifo.
- Uma unemfiva njalo, ukutheleleka, noma ukuphola kancane kwamanxeba, qiniseka ukuthi ukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngakho.
- Ungesabi ukucabanga ngalokho okushiwo yimiphumela yokuhlolwa kwegazi lakho. Udokotela wakho ungumuntu ongcono kakhulu ukuchaza ukuthi kusho ukuthini ngempela nokuthi yini okufanele uyenze ngokulandelayo.
- Indlela yokuphila enempilo (ukudla okuhle, ukuhlanzeka, ukulala ngokwanele) ingagcina amasosha omzimba wakho eqinile.
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