Ingabe unalezi zimpawu? Ake sixoxe nge-Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL)

Wake waphawula iqhubu noma ukuvuvukala entanyeni yakho, emakhwapheni, noma embotsheni? Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wazizwa ukhathele noma uqaqamba. Lezi zinto zingaba yinto evamile, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi zingaba izimpawu zohlobo lomdlavuza wegazi olubizwa ngokuthi i-Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL) . Ungakhathazeki, ake sikwenze lokhu kube lula.

Kuyini i-Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL)? Masiqonde kalula!

Kalula nje, i-Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL) iyiqembu lomdlavuza wegazi okhula ohlelweni lwe-lymphatic lomzimba wethu. Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa ngohlobo lomdlavuza olubizwa ngokuthi i-lymphoma. I-NHL ingenye yezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko ze-lymphoma. Lezi zomdlavuza ziqala emaseli abizwa ngokuthi ama-lymphocyte , uhlobo lweseli elimhlophe legazi emzimbeni wethu. Lawa ma-lymphocyte afana namaphoyisa omzimba wethu. Yiwo asivikela ngokulwa nezifo kanye nokutheleleka.

Ake ucabange nje, kwenzekani uma kukhona ushintsho, ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo ngaphakathi kwala maseli e-lymphocyte? Yilapho la maseli e-lymphoma angajwayelekile eqala ukwakheka khona. Lawa avame ukuvela kuma-lymph node ethu. Yilapho la maseli ehlangana khona futhi akhe amathumba. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akukhona kuphela kuma-lymph node, kodwa kungavela nakwezinye izitho zesimiso sethu se-lymphatic, njenge-thymus gland, i-spleen, noma ezicutshini ze-lymph kwezinye izindawo. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uma la ma-NHL engelashwa kahle, angasakazeka emzimbeni wonke.

Kodwa asikho isidingo sokukhathazeka. Njengoba kunezindlela ezintsha zokwelapha ezitholakalayo, abantu abaningi abane-NHL bayalulama futhi baphila isikhathi eside. Ngezinye izikhathi, ukwelashwa kungasiqeda ngokuphelele lesi sifo. Ngezinye izikhathi, umgomo wokwelashwa ukulawula lesi sifo, ukusibeka "ekukhululweni" kwesiguli, futhi kusigcine sinjalo isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka.

Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko ze-NHL?

Ungase umangale ukuzwa ukuthi kunezinhlobo ze-NHL ezingaphezu kuka-70! Odokotela bazihlukanisa ngokwezinhlobo ze-lymphocyte ezithintekile:

• I-B-cell lymphoma: Lo mdlavuza uvela kuma-B cell. Ama-B-cell awuhlobo lweseli elenza ama-antibodies ukulwa namagciwane emizimbeni yethu. I-B-cell lymphoma ibangela u-85% wokuxilongwa kwe-NHL.
• I-T-cell lymphoma: Lo mdlavuza uvela kuma-T cell. Ama-T cell awuhlobo lweseli oluhlasela futhi luhlasele amagciwane kanye nabahlaseli bakwamanye amazwe futhi lusize ama-B cell ukuthi enze ama-antibodies.

Odokotela baphinde bahlukanise ama-lymphoma e-B-cell kanye nama-T-cell ngokuthi “anolaka” kanye “nawolaka .” Ama-NHL anolaka asakazeka ngokushesha kakhulu kune-NHL ewolaka. Ngakho-ke, ama-NHL anolaka avame ukudinga ukwelashwa okunamandla kakhulu.

Sivame kangakanani lesi sifo esibizwa ngokuthi i-NHL?

Empeleni uhlobo lomdlavuza oluvame kakhulu. Isibonelo, e-United States, kulindeleke ukuthi kube namacala amasha angaba ngu-80,620 e-NHL ngo-2024. Futhi umdlavuza we-11 ovame kakhulu emhlabeni. I-Non-Hodgkin lymphoma ivame kakhulu kune -Hodgkin lymphoma , olunye uhlobo lwe-lymphoma.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma?

Uphawu oluvame kakhulu ukuvuvukala noma iqhubu elingenabuhlungu entanyeni, emakhwapheni, noma embotsheni. Lokhu kuwuphawu lokuthi ama-lymph node kulezo zindawo avuvukele. Ezinye izimpawu zincike ekutheni amangqamuzana e-lymphoma akuphi. Ezinye izimpawu ze-NHL zingafaka:

• Ukukhathala okuqhubekayo
• Ubuhlungu besifuba
• Ukukhwehlela
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula (ukuphelelwa umoya)
• Ubuhlungu besisu noma ukuqunjelwa
• Ukuzizwa usuthi ngisho nangemva kokudla kancane
• Umkhuhlane ongachazeki (ikakhulukazi umkhuhlane ongaphezu kwama-degree Celsius angu-39.5 (103 Fahrenheit) ongapheli ngemva kwamahora amabili noma ngaphezulu ngokwelashwa ekhaya, noma uma umkhuhlane usukhona izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezimbili)
• Ukujuluka ebusuku kangangokuthi amashidi athola amanzi
• Ukwehla kwesisindo okungachazeki okungaba ngu-10% wesisindo somzimba (zingakapheli izinyanga eziyi-6)

Into ebalulekile okufanele uyikhumbule ukuthi eziningi zalezi zimpawu zingabangelwa ezinye izimo. Ukuba nesinye noma ngaphezulu kwalezi zimpawu akusho ukuthi une-NHL. Kodwa-ke, uma ubona noma yiziphi izinguquko emzimbeni wakho, ikakhulukazi into entsha ebilokhu yenzeka amasonto amaningana, kuwukuhlakanipha ukubona udokotela ngokushesha.

Ziyini izimpawu "B"?

Uma odokotela bexilonga i-lymphoma, babheka nezimpawu "B" . Lezi zimpawu "B" yilezi:

• Umkhuhlane ngaphandle kwesizathu
• Ukujuluka ngokweqile ebusuku
• Ukwehlisa isisindo ngaphandle kwesizathu

Ukuthi unalezi zimpawu noma cha kuzosiza udokotela wakho ukuthi anqume ukuthi hlobo luni lwe-NHL onalo nokuthi yiluphi ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu.

Kungani kwenzeka i-Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma?

I-Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma ibangelwa ukuthi umzimba wakho ukhiqiza ama-lymphocyte amaningi kakhulu (ama-B-cell, ama-T-cell, noma ama-NK cell angavamile). Lokhu kungenxa yokuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo ezitholakala kuma-gene athinta ukukhula kwama-lymphocyte. "Okutholakalayo" kusho ukuthi akuyona into ozalwa nayo, kodwa into eyenzeka phakathi nokuphila kwakho.

Uma ama-lymphocyte eba angajwayelekile, ayahlukana futhi aphindaphindeke ngokushesha, ekugcineni akhe ama-tumors. La ma-tumors avame ukuqala kuma-lymph nodes. Ngenxa yokuthi uhlelo lwethu lwe-lymphatic luxhunywe cishe kuzo zonke izingxenye zomzimba wethu, i-Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma ivame ukusabalala kwezinye izitho ohlelweni lwe-lymphatic.

Yiziphi izici eziyingozi zokuthuthukisa i-NHL?

Kunezici eziningana ezandisa ingozi yokuthola i-Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma. "Isici esiyingozi" siyisici, umsebenzi, noma isimo esandisa amathuba okuthola isifo. Isibonelo, okulandelayo kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi kuthuthukiswe i-NHL:

• Abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-60 ubudala (ingozi ye-NHL iyanda ngokuguga)
• Kwabesilisa
• Kwabamhlophe (lokhu kuyinto eshiwo ezifundweni zakwamanye amazwe)

Ezinye izinto ezingaba yingozi yilezi:

• Isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela esibuthakathaka: Isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela esibuthakathaka ngenxa yezimo ezifana ne-HIV singandisa ingozi ye-NHL. Futhi, ukuthatha imithi yokucindezela amasosha omzimba ngemva kokufakelwa isitho kuyinkinga eyingozi.
• Izifo ezizenzakalelayo: Abantu abanezifo ezifana nesifo samathumbu esivuvukalayo (IBD), isifo samathambo esibizwa ngokuthi i-rheumatoid arthritis, kanye ne-psoriasis basengozini enkulu yokuthola i-NHL.
• Ukutheleleka: Ukutheleleka kwamagciwane kanye namagciwane njengokutheleleka kwe-H. pylori, igciwane le-T-lymphotropic lomuntu Uhlobo I, i-hepatitis C, kanye negciwane le-Epstein-Barr kutholakale ukuthi kuhlotshaniswa ne-NHL.
• Ukuchayeka ezibulala-zinambuzane: Ucwaningo oluthile lubonise ukuthi abantu abachayeka kakhulu emithini yokubulala ukhula kanye nemithi yokubulala izinambuzane bangase babe nengozi eyengeziwe kancane yokuthuthukisa i-NHL.
• Umlando womndeni: Uma omunye wabazali bakho, abafowethu, odadewenu, noma izingane zakho ene-lymphoma noma omunye umdlavuza wegazi, ungase ube sengozini enkulu.

I-Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma itholakala kanjani?

Ukuxilonga i-Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma kuyinqubo enezinyathelo eziningi. Okokuqala, kuzokwenziwa izivivinyo ukuze kukhishwe ezinye izimo ezivamile ezingase zibangele izimpawu zakho. Isibonelo, ama-lymph node avuvukele avame ukubangelwa ukutheleleka kune-lymphoma. Uma udokotela wakho esethole ukuthi une-Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma, uzokwenza izivivinyo eziningi ukuthola uhlobo nokuthi lusakazeke kangakanani ('isigaba').

Ezinye izivivinyo noma izinqubo ongase uzidinge ukuze uxilonge i-Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma zifaka:

• Ukuhlolwa komzimba: Udokotela wakho uzobuza ngezimpawu zakho futhi ahlole izimpawu ze-Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma, njenge-lymph nodes ezivuvukele.
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Ukuhlolwa kwegazi, njengokubalwa kwegazi okuphelele (i-CBC), kungakunikeza umbono wempilo yakho iyonke. Bangabheka futhi amagciwane ahlobene ne-Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma noma izinto egazini lakho ezibonisa ukulimala kwezicubu okubangelwa yilesi sifo.
• Ukuhlolwa kwezithombe: Lokhu kuhlolwa kubonisa ukuthi amangqamuzana omdlavuza akuphi emzimbeni wakho. Kuye ngokuthi akuphi amangqamuzana e-lymphoma, ungadinga i-CT scan, i-MRI, i-ultrasound scan, noma i-PET scan.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-biopsy:Ukuphela kwendlela yokwazi ngokuqinisekile ukuthi amangqamuzana angavamile ayi-NHL yini nge-biopsy. Kulokhu, udokotela uthatha ingxenye encane yezicubu ku-lymph node noma endaweni ethintekile bese eyithumela elabhorethri. Lapho, udokotela wezifo uhlola izicubu ngaphansi kwe-microscope ukuze abone ukuthi zikhona yini amangqamuzana e-lymphoma.
• Ukuhlola nge-immunophenotyping: Lokhu kuhlola kusiza ukuhlonza izinhlobo ezithile ze-NHL. Kuhlukanisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza ngokusekelwe kuma-marker (ama-antigen) ebusweni bawo.

Yiziphi izigaba ze-Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma?

Imiphumela yokuhlolwa isiza odokotela ukuthi banqume isigaba somdlavuza (ukukhula komdlavuza). Isigaba somdlavuza sisetshenziselwa ukuhlela ukwelashwa nokunikeza umbono womphumela olindelekile (ukubikezela). Izigaba ze-Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma yilezi ezilandelayo:

• Isigaba I: Amaseli omdlavuza akhona esifundeni esisodwa se-lymph node noma isitho ohlelweni lwe-lymphatic. Noma, i-lymphoma ikhona esifundeni esisodwa sesitho esisodwa ngaphandle kohlelo lwe-lymphatic.
• Isigaba II: Kukhona i-lymphoma emaqenjini amabili noma ngaphezulu e-lymph node ohlangothini olufanayo (noma eduze) kwe-diaphragm.
• Isigaba sesi-3: Kukhona amangqamuzana omdlavuza kuma-lymph node angenhla nangaphansi kwe-diaphragm, noma kuma-lymph node angaphezulu kwe-diaphragm kanye nase-spleen.
• Isigaba IV: I-lymphoma isisabalale okungenani esithweni esisodwa ngaphandle kohlelo lwe-lymphatic, njengesibindi noma amaphaphu.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma?

Kunezindlela eziningana zokwelapha i-Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma. Ukwelashwa okudingayo kuncike ezicini ezifana nohlobo lwe-NHL, isigaba somdlavuza, kanye nempilo yakho iyonke. Izinketho zokwelapha zifaka:

• Ukuqapha Okusebenzayo: Uma une-lymphoma engeyona i-Hodgkin futhi ungakhombisi zimpawu, udokotela wakho angase ahlehlise ukuqala ukwelashwa. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukuqapha okusebenzayo noma "ukulinda ngokuqapha." Odokotela bazoqapha impilo yakho njalo, ukuze baqale ukwelashwa ngokushesha nje lapho kuvela izimpawu.
• Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali: Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kuyindlela yokwelapha esebenzisa izidakamizwa ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza emzimbeni wonke. Lena yindlela yokwelapha evame kakhulu ye-NHL. Ungathola ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kuphela noma kuhlanganiswe nezinye izindlela zokwelapha.
• Ukwelashwa okuqondiwe: Lokhu kwelashwa kuhlose ubuthakathaka obuthile emangqamuzaneni omdlavuza futhi kuwabhubhise. Ukwelashwa ngama-antibody e-monoclonal kuyindlela yokwelapha eqondiwe evame ukusetshenziswa ye-NHL.
• Ukwelashwa nge-immunotherapy:Lokhu kwelashwa kuvuselela amasosha omzimba wakho, okwenza kube namandla okubhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Ukwelashwa ngamaseli e-CAR-T uhlobo lokwelashwa nge-immunotherapy oluvame ukusetshenziswa kwi-NHL. Ama-antibodies e-Bispecific ayisigaba esisha semithi. Lawa ahlose amaseli akho e-T futhi abulale amangqamuzana e-lymphoma anomdlavuza.
• Ukwelashwa ngemisebe: Lokhu kwelashwa kusebenzisa imisebe enamandla aphezulu evela emshinini ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Lokhu kungase kwanele kwi-NHL yesigaba sokuqala. Odokotela basebenzisa le ndlela ukubulala amangqamuzana e-lymphoma angase asale ngemuva kwe-chemotherapy.
• Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali ngokufakelwa kwamaseli e-stem: Kulokhu kwelashwa, kunikezwa imithamo ephezulu ye-chemotherapy ukwelapha umdlavuza. Ngemuva kwalokho, amaseli egazi angakavuthwa awonakele yi-chemotherapy athathelwa indawo ngamaseli e-stem aphilile avela emzimbeni wakho noma kumnikeli. Ungadinga lokhu kufakelwa uma ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ze-NHL zingazange zisize.

Iyini imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa?

Ukwelashwa okuvamile komdlavuza kwe-Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma, njengokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali, ukwelashwa ngemisebe, kanye nokwelashwa nge-immunotherapy, kungabangela imiphumela emibi. Iningi lale miphumela lihlala isikhathi esifushane futhi liyaphela uma ukwelashwa sekuqediwe. Kodwa-ke, eminye imiphumela emibi ingahlala isikhathi eside.

Ngaphambi kokuqala ukwelashwa, qiniseka ukuthi ubuza udokotela wakho ngemiphumela emibi engaba khona. Angachaza izinzuzo zokwelashwa kanye nezingozi zemiphumela emibi.

Impilo izoba njani ne-NHL? (Umbono/Isibikezelo)

Kwezinye izimo, ukwelashwa kungayilapha ngokuphelele i-Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma. Lokhu kusho ukuthi wonke amangqamuzana omdlavuza abhujiswa unomphela ngokwelashwa. Lokhu kuvame ukubonakala ngemva kokuba ama-lymphoma e-B-cell anamandla eselashwe. Uma i-Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma ibuye, ngokuvamile kwenzeka eminyakeni emibili yokuqala ngemva kokwelashwa. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ingase ingaphinde ibuye. Kodwa-ke, kuzodingeka ukuthi uhlolwe njalo ukuze uhlole ukuphinda ubuye.

Ezinye izinhlobo ze-Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma, ikakhulukazi lezo ezisakazeka kancane (ezingasebenzi kahle), zingahlala isikhathi eside. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kungadingeka ukuthi uthole ukwelashwa njalo noma ngezikhathi ezithile empilweni yakho yonke.

Kodwa, into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi nakuba i-Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma ingelapheki, ukwelashwa kwamanje kuvumela abantu ukuba baphile impilo ende nejabulisayo ngalesi sifo . Abantu abaningi abane-lymphoma ekhula kancane bafa ngezinye izimbangela, noma ngabe i-lymphoma ayinakwelashwa.

Lingakanani izinga lokululama elivela ku-NHL?

Ngokusho kwe-US National Cancer Institute, abantu abangu-74% abane-Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma baphila iminyaka emihlanu ngemva kokuxilongwa.

Ngokuvamile, abantu abatholakale ngaphambi kokuba lesi sifo sisabalale baphila isikhathi eside kunalabo abatholakale ngemva kokuba umdlavuza ususabalale. Izinga lokusinda kweminyaka emihlanu kubantu abane-Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (izigaba I no-II) ezisezingeni lokuqala liphakathi kuka-79% no-87%. Kubantu abane-advanced disease (izigaba III no-IV), izinga liphakathi kuka-64% no-73%.

Ungazinakekela kanjani njengomuntu one-NHL?

Kunezinto eziningana ongazenza ukuze uphile ne-Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma. Lezi zinto ngeke ziqede isifo sakho, kodwa zingakusiza uzizwe uqiniseka kakhulu ngokuphila naso:

• Yidla ukudla okunempilo: Ukudla kunamandla. Ukudla kahle kuyindlela eyodwa yokugcina amandla. Cela isazi sokudla ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe noma imibono mayelana nokudla kanye nokudla okulula.
• Phumula ngangokunokwenzeka: Ukwelashwa okufana ne-chemotherapy kungakwenza uzizwe ukhathele kakhulu. Ukuphumula kusiza umzimba wakho ukuthi ululame futhi uthole amandla awo kabusha.
• Lawula ukucindezeleka: Ukuphila ne-Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma akulula. Ungase ukhathazeke ngokuthi lesi sifo kanye nokwelashwa kuzokuthinta kanjani impilo yakho yansuku zonke. Uma ukhathazekile ngesimo sakho, khuluma nodokotela wakho. Angaphendula imibuzo yakho futhi akutshele ngezinhlelo ezingakusiza, njengezinhlangano zokusekela.
• Ukuzivocavoca: Ukuzivocavoca njalo kungenye yezindlela ezinhle kakhulu zokugcina ingqondo nomzimba wakho uphilile. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngezinhlobo zokuzivocavoca kanye nokuqina okufanele.
• Thola usizo olwengeziwe: Uma uphila ne-Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma, bheka ukunakekelwa kwe-palliative. Ukunakekelwa kwe-palliative kunikeza ukukhululeka kwezimpawu nokusekela abantu abanomdlavuza, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi banesifo noma ukuthi babikezela ini.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Uma welashwa i-Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma, bona udokotela wakho ngokushesha uma izimpawu zakho zibuya noma ziba zimbi kakhulu. Ngemva kokwelashwa kwakho, qiniseka ukuthi uya kuzo zonke izinkambo zokulandelela njengoba kuhleliwe.

Kufanele uye nini ekamelweni lezimo eziphuthumayo?

Uma unezimpawu ezinzima, noma uma izimpawu zakho ziba zimbi kakhulu ngaphandle kokukhululeka ezintweni ozenzayo ukuze unciphise ukungakhululeki kwakho, iya ekamelweni eliphuthumayo.

Imibuzo ebalulekile okufanele uyibuze udokotela wakho

Nazi ezinye imibuzo ongayibuza udokotela wakho:

• Uhlobo luni lwe-Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma enginalo?
• Iyini isigaba sesifo sami?
• Yikuphi ukwelashwa okuncomayo?
• Iyini imiphumela emibi yalezo zindlela zokwelapha?
• Ingabe i-Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma yami ingelapheka?
• Liyini ithuba lokuthi umdlavuza uphinde ubuye?

Ukuthola ukuthi une-Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL) kungaba yinto ekhungathekisayo ngezizathu eziningana. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zesifo, ngasinye sinemiphumela ehlukile. Ezinye izinhlobo ezisakazeka ngokushesha zingadinga ukwelashwa okwengeziwe futhi zingase zibe nemiphumela emibi engathandeki - kodwa ekugcineni ziyelapheka. Ezinye izinhlobo zingase zingadingi ukwelashwa okusheshayo, kodwa kuzodingeka ziphathwe isikhathi eside. Azikho izimpendulo ezilula ngalokhu kuxilongwa.

Udokotela wakho angachaza ukuthi ukuxilongwa kwakho yi-NHL kuzothinta kanjani impilo yakho yesikhathi esizayo. Okwamanje, khumbula ukuthi abantu abanalesi sifo manje sebephila isikhathi eside. Buza udokotela wakho mayelana nokubikezela kwakho ngokusekelwe esimweni sakho.

Amaphuzu abalulekile okufanele uwakhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Nakuba i-Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL) kuyinto okufanele uyesabe, kubalulekile ukuba nolwazi olufanele futhi ufune iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha. Khumbula:

• Uma unezimpawu ezifana nokuvuvukala okungaqondakali, ukukhathala okuqhubekayo, ukujuluka ebusuku, noma ukwehla kwesisindo okungaqondakali , bona udokotela.
• Izindlela zokwelapha ezisebenzayo ze-NHL seziyatholakala manje, futhi abantu abaningi baphila ngempumelelo nalesi sifo.
• Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngokukhululekile bese ubuza yonke imibuzo yakho.
• Ukuhlala unethemba nokuzinakekela kahle kubaluleke kakhulu kulolu hambo.

Awuwedwa. Sithemba ukuthi lolu lwazi luzokunika amandla.

I- Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma, i-Lymphoma, umdlavuza, ama-Lymph Node, izimpawu, ukwelashwa, i-NHL