Ingabe amehlo akho anombala ongajwayelekile? Ingabe unezinkinga zokubona? Kungaba yi-albinism yamehlo!

Wake waphawula ukuthi abanye abantu banamehlo akhanya kakhulu, noma ukuthi amehlo abo anemibala ehlukene? Bangase babe nobunzima bokubuka ilanga, noma amehlo abo angase acwebezele. Esinye isizathu salokhu kungaba yisimo esibizwa ngokuthi 'i-ocular albinism', esizokhuluma ngaso namuhla. Lokhu kungase kuzwakale njengegama elingavamile kuwe, kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi ngalo.

Kuyini ngempela ukuba yi-albinism kwamehlo, mngane wami?

Kalula nje, i-ocular albinism uhlobo lwe-albinism. Ithinta kakhulu amehlo akho . Uma unalesi simo, umbala wamehlo akho nendlela amehlo akho asebenza ngayo kuyathinteka.

Cabanga nje, kukhona into ekhethekile enikeza umbala emehlweni ethu, esikhumbeni, nasezinweleni, futhi ibizwa ngokuthi i-melanin . Lo mbala obizwa ngokuthi i-melanin unesibopho sale mibala. Akukhona lokho kuphela, kodwa le melanin ibalulekile ukuze amehlo ethu asebenze kahle futhi abone kahle. Ngakho-ke, kumuntu one-albinism yamehlo, le melanin ayikhiqizwa ngokwanele emzimbeni, ikakhulukazi ngaphakathi kwamehlo, noma ayisabalali kahle kuwo wonke amehlo. Ngenxa yalokhu, ezinye izicubu esakhiweni samehlo, okungukuthi, indlela iso elakhiwe ngayo, zingathinteka, futhi ezinye izinkinga zingavela. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lokhu kungabangela nezinkinga zokubona .

Into ebalulekile ukuthi i-melanin ayigcini nje ngokuhlinzeka ngombala, kodwa futhi ibaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni kahle kwamehlo.

Ingabe zikhona izinhlobo zalokhu?

Yebo, kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zobu-albinism bamehlo:

1. OA1: Lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi i-Nettleship-Falls OA.

2. OA2: Lokhu kwaziwa nangokuthi isifo samehlo sase-Åland Island noma i-Forsius-Eriksson OA.

Lesi yisimo esingavamile sofuzo. Ungase ungakwazi ukubona ngaphandle ukuthi unaso. Kodwa-ke, singaba nomthelela omkhulu endleleni obona ngayo umhlaba. Kuyaqondakala ukuzizwa ukhungathekile futhi wesaba ngesimo esingenazo izimpawu zangaphandle noma ezimbalwa. Kodwa-ke, odokotela bamehlo nabanye abahlinzeki bezempilo bangakusiza ukuthola ukwelashwa okufanele.

Yiziphi izimpawu zomuntu one-albinism yamehlo?

Abanye abantu abane-albinism yamehlo bangase babe ne-iris eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma empunga ekhanyayo kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, kungenzeka futhi ukuba namehlo ansundu. Ngakho-ke, lokhu akunakunqunywa ngombala wamehlo kuphela.

Ezinye izici eziqondene namehlo zingafaka:

• I-Nystagmus: Lokhu ukunyakaza kwamehlo okusheshayo nokungalawuleki, njengokungathi ayadansa. Lokhu kungenza kube nzima ukugxila endaweni eyodwa.
• Ukuntuleka kokubona imibala noma ubumpumputhe bombala: Ukungakwazi ukuhlukanisa imibala kahle, noma ukungaboni eminye imibala.
• Ukungasebenzi Kahle Kokubona Kwe-Strabismus Ne-Binocular: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho amehlo engabhekiseli ohlangothini olufanayo, kodwa iso elilodwa liphendukela ohlangothini oluhlukile. Lokhu kungabangela ukubona okuphindwe kabili (ukungasebenzi kahle kokubona kwe-binocular).
• Ukubona okufiphele noma ukubona okukabili: Ukungakwazi ukubona kahle.
• Ukwesaba ukukhanya kwelanga: Ukuzwela kakhulu ukukhanya kwelanga kanye nokukhanya okukhanyayo. Amehlo aba luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka futhi awakwazi ukumelana ngisho nokukhanya okuncane. Izinyembezi zingase ziphume emehlweni.
• Amaphutha okubona izinto zikude: Lezi yizinto ezisenza sigqoke izibuko. Isibonelo, izinto ezifana ne-myopia (ukubona izinto zikude) kanye ne-hyperopia (ukubona izinto zikude).
• Ukubona okuphansi: Ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kungaba kubi ngokwanele ukubangela ubumpumputhe obungokomthetho, okusho ukuthi ukubona kulinganiselwe kakhulu ngisho nangezibuko.

Ingabe lokhu kuthinta amehlo kuphela?

I-albinism yamehlo ivame ukuthinta amehlo. Kodwa-ke, kukhona uphawu olulodwa olungahlobene namehlo. Lokho kungukuwohloka kokuzwa kwezinzwa okufika sekwephuzile . Njengoba igama lisho, lokhu kubangela ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa ngaphambi kweminyaka engu-50. Kodwa-ke, akuthinti wonke umuntu.

Kungani lesi simo senzeka? Yiziphi izizathu?

I-Ocular Albinism iyisimo sofuzo . Kalula nje, ibangelwa izinguquko ezakhiweni zethu zofuzo, noma i-DNA. Lezi zinguquko zofuzo zithinta ngqo indlela umzimba wethu okhiqiza noma osabalalisa ngayo i-melanin.

Kunezindlela ezimbili lezi zinguquko zofuzo (ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo) ezingavela ngazo:

1. Okuzuzwe njengefa: Lokhu kusho ukuthi uzuzwe njengefa lokhu kuhlukahluka kwezakhi zofuzo komunye noma bobabili abazali bakho abaphilayo. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ifa eliphindaphindayo le-autosomal .

2. Okungavamile - de novo: Lokhu kusho ukuthi ushintsho lwezakhi zofuzo lwenzeka ngokungahleliwe, de novo, ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa kombungu. Aluzuzwanga njengefa kubazali.

Udokotela uhlonza kanjani ngokunembile ukuthi unesifo sohlobo lwe-albinism? (Ukuxilongwa)

Uma udokotela noma udokotela wamehlo ehlola amehlo akho, bangase basole ukuthi i-albinism yamehlo ibangelwa izinguquko ezithile ezibonakalayo emehlweni akho. Ngemva kwalokho, basebenzisa izindlela eziningana ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ingabe ngempela i-albinism yamehlo, nokuthi iluhlobo luni kanye ne-subtype yayo.

Nazi ezinye izimpawu udokotela wakho wamehlo angase azibone:

• Ukukhanya kwe-Iris:Ukukhanya okuguquliwe kuyindlela yokudlula kokukhanya nge-iris emnyama yeso lakho. Ngenxa yokuntuleka kwe-melanin, i-iris iba mncane, okuvumela ukukhanya kudlule.
• Umehluko we-retina: I-albinism yeso ngezinye izikhathi ingabangela izinguquko esimweni sengxenye ekhethekile ye-retina yakho - ingxenye yeso ekusiza ukuthi ubone - ebizwa ngokuthi i-fovea . I-fovea yilapho sibona khona izinto ngokucacile. Ngakho-ke, lezi zinguquko zingathinta indlela esebenza ngayo i-retina.
• Umehluko wesakhiwo semizwa: Uma une-albinism yamehlo, kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi ube nomehluko wesakhiwo ku -optic nerve , exhumanisa amehlo akho nobuchopho bakho. Lo mehluko ungathinta indlela ubuchopho bakho obucubungula ngayo izimpawu ezibonakalayo kanye nendlela obona ngayo umhlaba.

Ngaphezu kwalokhu, kunezinye izivivinyo ezingasiza ekuxilongeni ubu-albinism bamehlo:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi
• Ukuhlolwa kofuzo
• Ukuhlolwa kwamakhono abonakalayo avuselelwe (i-VEP)
• Ukuskena kwe-Optical coherence tomography (OCT)
• Ukuhlolwa kwesibani esinqunyiwe

Kwezinye izimo, ukuhlola umzali oyedwa noma bobabili wengane ene-albinism yamehlo kungasiza ekunqumeni ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwe-albinism yamehlo ingane enalo.

Ingabe ukuba yi-albinism yamehlo kungalapheka ngokuphelele?

Cha, ayinakwelashwa ngokuphelele. I-Ocular Albinism iyisifo esibangelwa izakhi zofuzo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ibangelwa izinguquko ku-DNA yethu. Ngakho-ke, isimo esiyisisekelo sezakhi zofuzo asinakwelashwa.

Kodwa, okubaluleke kakhulu, imiphumela yobu-albinism bamehlo emehlweni - njengamaphutha okubuyela emuva noma i-strabismus - ingelashwa kakhulu. Lokhu kwelashwa kungakusiza ukuthi ubone kangcono, kodwa akushintshi isifo esiyisisekelo sofuzo.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi unesifo sohlobo olunjani lwe-albinism, nokuthi imiphumela yaso iyini, udokotela wakho wamehlo angakunikeza ulwazi olungcono kakhulu mayelana nokwelashwa okungenzeka.

Yimiphi imibuzo ebalulekile okufanele uyibuze udokotela?

Kungumqondo omuhle ukubuza udokotela wakho noma uchwepheshe wamehlo imibuzo efana nale:

• Uhlobo luni lwe-albinism yamehlo enginayo?
• Ingabe lokhu kuyinto engiyizuze njengefa?
• Ingabe izingane zami ezizalwa nazo zingalithola kimi leli lungelo?
• Yikuphi ukwelashwa okuncomayo?
• Zikhona yini ezinye izinsiza (isib., amaqembu okusekelana, izinto zemfundo) ezingangisiza?

Yini ongayilindela uma une-albinism yamehlo?

I-Ocular Albinism iyisimo esihlala isikhathi eside. Kodwa-ke, ngokuvamile kungaba "isimo esingabonakali" esingabonakali emhlabeni wangaphandle. Abantu abaningi abazi ukuthi banalesi simo kuze kube yilapho behlolwa amehlo futhi kutholakale izinguquko ngaphakathi kwamehlo abo. Abantu abanalesi simo bangaba nokukhubazeka kokubona okusukela kokuncane kuya kokubi kakhulu .

Abantu abane-albinism yamehlo badinga ukunakekelwa kwamehlo okuqhubekayo impilo yabo yonke. Futhi, ngezinye izikhathi, abazali bangathola ukuthi bangabathwali bezinguquko zofuzo ezibangelwa yilesi simo lapho ingane yabo iba nezimpawu zalesi simo.

Ukuba ne-albinism yamehlo kungathinta indlela obona ngayo umhlaba, kodwa akudingeki kukuvimbele ukuba uphile impilo yakho ngendlela oyifunayo.

Kunezindlela zokwelapha ezingakusiza ukunciphisa noma ukuphatha izimpawu zakho futhi uphile nemiphumela yalesi simo. Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo njalo kungasiza nasekugcineni amehlo akho ephilile.

Uma wena noma ingane yakho nine-albinism yamehlo, kungadingeka ukuthi nizimele ukuze nithole izinsiza namathuba eniwadingayo. Khuluma nodokotela wakho noma uchwepheshe wamehlo. Bangakunikeza isiqondiso nokusekelwa. Ungathola futhi ukwesekwa emiphakathini eku-inthanethi yabantu abane-albinism yamehlo ukuze bakusize ujwayele isimo sakho futhi uphile impilo oyifunayo. Ungakhathazeki, awuwedwa.

Yimuphi umyalezo esifuna ukuwuthatha kulokhu?

Kulungile, manje usunokuqonda okungcono ngalokho esikhulume ngakho namuhla, i-Ocular Albinism. Nazi ezinye izinto ezibalulekile okufanele uzikhumbule:

• I-Ocular Albinism yisimo sofuzo esibangelwa ukuntuleka kwe-melanin emehlweni. Lokhu kungathinta umbono nombala wamehlo.
• Izimpawu zalokhu zingahluka. Kungase kube nezinto ezifana nokunyakaza kwamehlo (i-nystagmus), ukuzwela ukukhanya (i-photophobia), kanye nokuncipha kokubona.
• Nakuba kungelapheki ngokuphelele, kunezindlela zokwelapha zokulawula izimpawu nokuthuthukisa ukubona.
• Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo njalo kanye neseluleko sezokwelapha kubalulekile.
• Uma wena noma ingane yakho ninalesi simo, ningesabi. Ngokusekelwa kanye nolwazi olufanele, ningaphila kahle naso.

Uma uneminye imibuzo mayelana nalokhu, qiniseka ukuthi ukhuluma nodokotela wakho. Hlala uphilile!

Ubu - Albinism Bamehlo, Ubu-Albinism Bamehlo, Izifo Zamehlo, Ukukhubazeka Kokubona, I-Melanin, Izifo Zofuzo, Impilo Yamehlo