Cishe uke wezwa igama elithi 'Opioid'. Lawa amaphilisi okudambisa izinhlungu anamandla odokotela abawanikeza ukulawula ubuhlungu obukhulu. Asetshenziswa ezimweni ezifana nobuhlungu bomdlavuza, ngemva kokuhlinzwa okuthile, njll. Kodwa ngenxa yemiphumela yawo enamandla, uma esetshenziswa ngendlela engafanele, uma kwenzeka ukudlula ngokweqile, noma uma othile eba umlutha wawo, kungaba usongo olukhulu empilweni. Ngakho-ke namuhla sizokhuluma ngeklasi elikhethekile lemithi esetshenziselwa ukusindisa izimpilo ezimweni eziyingozi kangaka, esebenza 'njengomphikisi'. Labo abaphikisana nama-Opioid.
Kalula nje, uyini lo Mphikisi we-Opioid?
Ukuze siqonde lokhu, ake siqale sibheke ukuthi imithi yokubulala izinhlungu ye-opioid isebenza kanjani emizimbeni yethu. Cabanga ngesimiso sethu sezinzwa, ikakhulukazi ubuchopho kanye nomgogodla, njengalezo 'ezinamasango' amancane. Kwezokwelapha, sibiza lawa ngokuthi 'ama-receptor'. Uma umuthi wokubulala izinhlungu we-opioid ungena emzimbeni, ubopha la masango bese 'uwavula', unciphise ubuhlungu futhi udale umuzwa wenhlalakahle (injabulo).
Abaphikisi be-opioid bafana nokhiye ohlukile ofanelana nokhiye ofanayo. Kodwa uma ufaka lokhiye kukhiye, awuvuli umnyango. Kunalokho, ubhajwa ngaphakathi kukhiye, uvale ngokuphelele indlela yokungena kokhiye we-opioid. Kalula nje, le mithi ivimba ama-receptor e-opioid, ivimbele ama-opioid ukuthi asebenze. Yingakho ingaguqula imiphumela eyingozi yokudlula ngokweqile kwe-opioid.
Into ebalulekile ukuthi, uma ungenayo i-Opioid emzimbeni wakho, lesi sidakamizwa i-Opioid Antagonist ngokuvamile asinawo umphumela. Sisebenza kuphela uma kukhona i-Opioid emzimbeni wakho.
Ziyini lezi zidakamizwa futhi zisetshenziselwani?
Kunezinhlobo eziningana zemithi ezingaphansi kwesigaba se-Opioid Antagonist. Ngayinye yazo isetshenziselwa injongo ethile. Ake sibheke izinhlobo eziyinhloko.
| Igama lomuthi | Isetshenziselwani ikakhulukazi? | Indlela yokunikeza |
|---|---|---|
| I-Naloxone | Kuyindlela yokwelapha ephuthumayo yokudlula ngokweqile kwe-opioid. Isetshenziselwa ukuqeda ukucindezeleka kokuphefumula okubangelwa yi-opioid. Kungumuthi osindisa impilo. | Njengomjovo (ngokufakwa ngaphakathi kwemithambo noma nge-intramuscularly) noma njengesifutho sekhala (isib. i-Narcan®, i-Kloxxado®) |
| I-Naltrexone | Ukwelashwa kokulungisa izinkinga zokusebenzisa i-opioid notshwala. Kuvimba injabulo yezidakamizwa futhi kusiza ekunciphiseni ukubuyela emuva. | Njengomjovo noma njengephilisi elithathwa ngomlomo. (isib. i-Vivitrol®, i-ReVia®) |
| I-Methylnaltrexone | Isetshenziselwa ukwelapha ukuqunjelwa okubangelwa yi-opioid kubantu abaphuza imithi yokubulala izinhlungu ye-opioid isikhathi eside. Ivimba ama-receptor emathunjini kuphela, ngaphandle kokuthinta ubuchopho. | Njengomjovo noma njengephilisi elithathwa ngomlomo. (isib. i-Relistor®) |
| I-Nalmefene | Umuthi ofana neNaloxone. Uma usetshenziswa ekwelapheni ukweqisa i-opioid, uhlala emzimbeni isikhathi eside. Kodwa awuvamile ukusetshenziswa njengeNaloxone. | Njengomjovo. (isib. i-Revex®) |
Ukubaluleka okukhethekile kweNaloxone
Ngenxa yobhubhane lwe-opioid, abasebenzi bezimo eziphuthumayo njengamaphoyisa kanye nabasebenzi be-ambulensi emazweni amaningi emhlabeni wonke baqeqeshwe ukuthwala nokuphatha i-Naloxone. Uma umuntu eyeka ukuphefumula ngenxa yokudlula i-opioid ngokweqile, ukuphatha i-Naloxone kungakapheli imizuzu emi-2 kuya kwemi-5 kungasindisa impilo ngokubuyisela ukuphefumula okuvamile.
Iyini imiphumela emibi yale mithi?
Umphumela oyinhloko nosheshayo we-Naloxone, i-Naltrexone, ne-Nalmefene izimpawu zokuhoxa kwe-opioid.Isenzakalo.
Cabanga ngomuntu omlutha kakhulu wama-opioid. Umzimba wakhe usujwayele ngokuphelele lawo ma-opioid. Uma ngokuzumayo unika umuntu onjalo umuthi ofana ne-Naloxone, wonke ama-opioid emzimbeni wakhe ayavalwa ngokuzumayo. Bese kuba yilokhu ukusabela komzimba kulokho.
Izimpawu eziyinhloko yilezi:
- Ukuphuma kwe-mucus (ukuphuma kwe-mucus)
- Ukudabuka okukhulu emehlweni
- Ukuchama njalo (ukungakwazi ukuzibamba ngomchamo)
- Ukwanda kwesilinganiso sokuphefumula (i-Hyperventilation)
- I-Hyperthermia
- Ukwanda kwesilinganiso senhliziyo (i-Tachycardia)
- Ubuhlungu obukhulu bemisipha
- Isicanucanu nokuhlanza
- Ukuqunjelwa (uhudo)
- Ukungaphumuli okukhulu nokukhathazeka
Ubukhulu balezi zimpawu buyahlukahluka kumuntu nomuntu, kuye ngokuthi sebenesikhathi esingakanani besebenzisa ama-opioid kanye nohlobo balusebenzisa.
Kodwa kubalulekile ukukhumbula lokhu. Esibhedlela, isibonelo eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) , odokotela bangakwazi ukuphatha lezi zimpawu zokuhoxa kahle. Lokhu kungenziwa ngokunikeza i-saline, kanye neminye imithi efana ne-Methadone ne-Buprenorphine.
Imiphumela emibi ye-methylnaltrexone
Njengoba lokhu kuthinta kakhulu amathumbu, imiphumela emibi ihlobene nalokho.
- Ubuhlungu besisu
- Ukugcwalisa isisu
- Isicanucanu esincane noma isifo sohudo
- Ikhanda elibuhlungu
- Ukugingqa imisipha
- Isiyezi
Ngakho-ke ziyini izinzuzo zale mithi?
Naphezu kwemiphumela emibi, izinzuzo zale mithi zidlula kakhulu lezo.
I-Naloxone ne-Nalmefene ziyimithi esindisa impilo. Uma ukweqisa i-opioid kwelashwa ngokushesha nangendlela efanele, kungasindisa impilo yomuntu. Yilokho okubaluleke kakhulu. Uma ubona umuntu ongazi lutho futhi ophefumula kabi ngenxa yokweqisa i-opioid, kufanele umyise ngokushesha e -Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) yesibhedlela. Futhi, uma udinga ulwazi mayelana nanoma yikuphi ukushefa, ungashayela i-National Poisons Information Center e-Colombo National Hospital ukuze uthole iseluleko.
I-Naltrexone iyithuluzi elibaluleke kakhulu elisetshenziswa ekwelapheni isimo esiyinkimbinkimbi sokusebenzisa izidakamizwa. Kodwa-ke, lo muthi wodwa awukwazi ukwelapha lesi simo. Udinga ukwelashwa kwengqondo, ukuvuselelwa, kanye nezinye izinsizakalo zokusekela.
Ngakho-ke, ama-Opioid Antagonists ayiqembu lemithi eliwusizo kakhulu. Uma unemibuzo noma ukwesaba ngale mithi noma imiphumela yayo emibi, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngayo ngokukhululekile. Angakunikeza iseluleko esifanele kanye nokusekelwa okudingayo.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-opioid antagonist uhlobo lomuthi ovimba isenzo sezinhlungu ze-opioid.
- I-Naloxone iyindlela yokwelapha ephuthumayo enikezwa ukubuyisela ukuphefumula nokusindisa impilo uma kwenzeka ukudlula ngokweqile kwe-opioid.
- I-Naltrexone iyindlela yokwelapha umlutha we-opioid noma utshwala. Ivimba injabulo yezidakamizwa.
- Uma le mithi inikezwa umuntu osebenzisa ama-opioid, ingabangela izimpawu zokuhoxa ezinzima, kodwa lezi zingaphathwa esibhedlela.
- Nakuba le mithi ibaluleke kakhulu, ukwelapha ukuluthwa yizidakamizwa kudinga uhlelo oluphelele, okuhlanganisa nokwelulekwa kwengqondo.
- Xoxa njalo ngale mithi nodokotela wakho bese uthola iseluleko esifanele.
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