I-pancreas iyisitho emzimbeni wethu abantu abaningi abangakhulumi ngaso kakhulu, futhi ifihliwe kancane. Kalula nje, itholakala ngaphakathi kwesisu sakho, ngemuva kwesisu sakho naphambi komgogodla wakho. Lesi sitho esincane senza izinto ezimbili ezibaluleke kakhulu emzimbeni wethu. Esinye ukukhiqiza ama-hormone alawula amazinga kashukela egazini. Esinye ukukhiqiza ama-enzyme asiza ekugayeni ukudla esikudlayo. Kodwa-ke, lapho amangqamuzana akulesi sitho eshintsha ngokungalawuleki futhi eqala ukuhlukana ngokushesha, kwakheka isimila. Yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi umdlavuza we-pancreatic.
Kungani kunzima ukuthola lo mdlavuza?
Inselele enkulu ngalesi sifo ukuthi asibonisi zimpawu ezigabeni zokuqala . Ngisho nokuskena okuvamile akuziboni lezi zimila ezigabeni zokuqala. Ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi abantu abaningi bethola ukuthi banalesi sifo, umdlavuza usuvele usakazeke (ususakazeke) kwezinye izitho ngaphandle kwe-pancreas. Futhi, lo mdlavuza umelana nemithi eminingi yokulwa nomdlavuza, ngakho kungaba nzima kancane ukwelapha. Kodwa ungakhathazeki, isayensi yezokwelapha iyathuthuka usuku nosuku, ngakho-ke izindlela ezintsha zokwelapha zihlala zicwaningwa.
Yiziphi izinhlobo zomdlavuza we-pancreatic?
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zomdlavuza we-pancreatic.
1. Izimila ze-Exocrine: Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwama-90% omdlavuza alolu hlobo. Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwalezi yi- Adenocarcinoma . Lokhu kuqala emaseli angaphakathi kwemigudu ye-pancreatic.
2. Izimila ze-Neuroendocrine (ama-NET): Lezi azivamile, zingaphansi kuka-10% wamacala.
Ziyini izimpawu zalesi sifo?
Njengoba sishilo ekuqaleni, azikho izimpawu ezisobala ezigabeni zokuqala. Izimpawu ziqala ukuvela kuphela lapho umdlavuza usukhulile futhi uqala ukuthinta ezinye izitho ohlelweni lokugaya ukudla oluseduze. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela lezi zimpawu.
| Isibonakaliso | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| Ukuphuzi kwesikhumba namehlo (i-Jaundice) | Lokhu kwenzeka lapho umdlavuza uvimba i-bile duct enyongweni, okubangela ukuthi ikhemikhali ephuzi ebizwa ngokuthi i-bilirubin iqoqeke emzimbeni. |
| Umchamo onombala omnyama | Umchamo uphenduka ube phuzi noma ube nsundu ngenxa yokwanda kwamazinga e-bilirubin emzimbeni. |
| Izitulo ezinombala okhanyayo | Ngenxa yokuvaleka komsele wenyongo, amakhemikhali anika indle umbala wayo onsundu awaqoqwa, okwenza indle ibe nombala okhanyayo, ofana nobumba. |
| Ubuhlungu besisu kanye nomhlane ophezulu | Isimila singakhula futhi sicindezele imizwa ezungezile. Ubuhlungu bungase bube bubi kakhulu ngemva kokudla noma lapho ulele phansi. |
| Ukwehlisa isisindo ngaphandle kwesizathu | Ukwehla kwesisindo kwenzeka ngenxa yezinguquko ekusebenzeni komzimba kanye nokulahlekelwa yisifiso sokudla ngenxa yomdlavuza. |
| I-Anorexia kanye nesicanucanu | Ukulahlekelwa yisifiso sokudla, ukuzizwa sengathi uhlanza. |
| Isikhumba esilumayo | Kungabangelwa ukunqwabelana kwe-bilirubin esikhumbeni. |
| Isifo sikashukela esisha esiqalayo | Uma umuntu eba nesifo sikashukela ngokuzumayo ngaphandle kwezinye izinto eziyingozi, ikakhulukazi ngemva kweminyaka engu-50, kungaba uphawu lomdlavuza we-pancreatic. |
Into ebalulekile ukuthi ukuba nesinye noma ngaphezulu kwalezi zimpawu akusho ukuthi unomdlavuza we-pancreatic. Lezi zingaba futhi izimpawu zezinye izifo. Kodwa-ke, uma unezinye zalezi zimpawu, kuwukuhlakanipha ukubona udokotela ngokushesha ukuze uthole iseluleko.
Yiziphi izici eziyingozi zomdlavuza we-pancreatic?
Imbangela eqondile yalo mdlavuza ayikatholakali okwamanje. Kodwa-ke, odokotela bathole ezinye izinto eziyingozi ezandisa ingozi yokuthola lesi sifo.
- Ukubhema: Ukusetshenziswa kogwayi, ugwayi, neminye imikhiqizo kagwayi kuyisici esikhulu esiyingozi.
- Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile: Isisindo somzimba esiningi, ikakhulukazi ukunqwabelana kwamafutha esiswini, kwandisa ingozi.
- Isifo Sikashukela: Ukuba nesifo sikashukela (ikakhulukazi uhlobo 2) isikhathi eside kuyingozi. Futhi njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, ukuqala kwesifo sikashukela ngokuzumayo nakho kungaba uphawu.
- I-pancreatitis engapheli: Ukuvuvukala kwe-pancreas isikhathi eside.
- Umlando womndeni kanye nezici zofuzo: Ingozi iphakeme uma othile emndenini (abazali, izingane zakubo) eke waba nomdlavuza we-pancreatic noma enezinguquko zofuzo ezihlobene nomdlavuza njenge -BRCA1 kanye ne -BRCA2 .
- Ukuchayeka kumakhemikhali: Ukuchayeka isikhathi eside ezintweni ezifana nezibulala-zinambuzane kanye namakhemikhali asekelwe kuphethiloli.
- Ubudala: Ingozi iyanda njengoba iminyaka ikhula.
Ungasithola kanjani lesi sifo? (Ukuxilongwa)
Uma udokotela wakho esola umdlavuza we-pancreatic ngokusekelwe ezimpawini zakho, uzoncoma ukuhlolwa okuningana ukuqinisekisa lesi sifo.
1. Ukuhlolwa kwezithombe
Lokhu kusetshenziselwa ukuthatha izithombe ze-pancreas nezitho ezizungezile ngaphakathi emzimbeni ukuze kubonakale ukuthi kukhona yini isimila nokuthi sesisabalale kangakanani.
- Iskeni se-CT (Computed Tomography)
- Isikeni se-MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)
- Isikeni se-PET (Positron Emission Tomography)
- I-Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS): Ukuhlolwa okuseduze kwe-pancreas kusetshenziswa ikhamera kanye nesithwebuli esinamathiselwe epayipini elincane elifakwe ngomlomo.
2. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi
Igazi liyahlolwa ukuthi alinawo yini amaprotheni athile (ama-tumor markers) akhiqizwa amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Kumdlavuza we-pancreatic, izinga lophawu lwesimila olubizwa nge -CA 19-9 lingase likhuphuke.
3. Ukuhlolwa kwe-biopsy
Lena yindlela eqinisekile yokuqinisekisa lesi sifo. Kule nqubo, kuthathwa ingxenye encane kakhulu yezicubu ezivela esimila se-pancreatic bese ihlolwa ngaphansi kwe-microscope ukuze kubonakale ukuthi kukhona yini amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Le ngxenye yezicubu ingathathwa ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwe-EUS.
4. Ukuhlolwa kofuzo
Uma kutholakale ukuthi unomdlavuza, udokotela wakho angase akuncome ukuhlolwa kwezakhi zofuzo. Lokhu kuzokusiza ekunqumeni ukuthi kukhona yini imbangela yofuzo yomdlavuza wakho futhi kukusize ukhethe ukwelashwa okukulungele.
Ukunquma isigaba somdlavuza (ukulinganisa)
Ngaphambi kokuqala ukwelashwa, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthola isigaba somdlavuza. Lokhu kusho ukuthi isimila sigcinelwe ku-pancreas noma sisakazekele emithanjeni yegazi eseduze noma kwezinye izitho zomzimba. Kalula nje, izimila ezinomdlavuza zihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezine eziyinhloko.
| Isigaba somdlavuza | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Ingasuswa ngokuhlinzwa (ingasuswa ngokuhlinzwa) | Isimila sivalelwe e-pancreas. Asisakazekelanga emithanjeni yegazi ezungezile. Singasuswa ngokuphelele ngokuhlinzwa. |
| Okungasuswa umngcele | Lesi simila sixhumene kancane nemithambo yegazi ezungezile, kodwa sisesezingeni lapho udokotela ohlinzayo onekhono angasisusa khona. |
| Okuthuthukisiwe endaweni | Isimila sisakazeke kahle emithanjeni yegazi emikhulu ezungezile. Ukususwa ngokuhlinzwa kungaba nzima noma kube yingozi. |
| I-Metastatic | Umdlavuza ususakazekele ezithweni ezikude, njengesibindi, amaphaphu, noma umgodi wesisu. |
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha?
Indlela yokwelapha inqunywa uhlobo lomdlavuza, isigaba, indawo yesimila, kanye nempilo yesiguli iyonke.
Ukuhlinzwa
Indlela engokoqobo yokwelapha ngokuphelele umdlavuza we-pancreatic ukususa lonke umdlavuza ngokuhlinzwa . Kodwa lokhu kungenziwa kuphela ezigabeni zokuqala, lapho umdlavuza uphelela ku-pancreas.
- Inqubo ye-Whipple: Ukuhlinzwa okuyinhloko okwenziwa uma isimila sisekhanda le-pancreas. Kule nqubo, ikhanda le-pancreas, ingxenye yamathumbu amancane, i-gallbladder, kanye nama-lymph node azungezile kuyasuswa.
- Ukususwa kwe-Distal Pancreatectomy: Uma isimila sisemsileni we-pancreas, leyo ngxenye kanye ne-spleen kuyasuswa.
- Ukususwa kwe-pancreat okuphelele: Uma umdlavuza ususakazekele kuyo yonke i-pancreas, yonke i-pancreas iyasuswa. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kuzodingeka uthathe imijovo ye-insulin kanye namaphilisi e-enzyme yokugaya ukudla impilo yakho yonke.
Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali
Lokhu kuhilela ukunikeza umzimba imithi ebulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Lawa anikezwa njengamaphilisi noma ngomjovo emthanjeni. Asetshenziselwa ukunciphisa isimila ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa, ukubulala noma yimaphi amangqamuzana asele ngemva kokuhlinzwa, noma njengokwelashwa okuyinhloko komdlavuza osusakazekile.
Ukwelashwa ngemisebe
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-X-ray enamandla amakhulu ukubhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Lokhu kuvame ukunikezwa kanye ne-chemotherapy (chemoradiation).
Ukwelashwa okuqondiwe
Lezi uhlobo olusha lomuthi olusebenza ngokugxila kumaprotheni athile asiza amangqamuzana omdlavuza ukukhula nokusabalala.
Ukuphathwa kobuhlungu
Ngenxa yokuthi umdlavuza we-pancreatic uthinta imizwa ezungeze i-pancreas, ngezinye izikhathi ungabangela ubuhlungu obukhulu. Ngakho-ke, ukulawula ubuhlungu kuyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yokwelashwa. Udokotela wakho uzoncoma imithi efanele yobuhlungu noma ezinye izindlela. Ungabubekezeleli ubuhlungu, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngakho.
Singakwazi yini ukugwema lesi sifo?
Ayikho indlela yokuvimbela ngokuphelele umdlavuza we-pancreatic, kodwa kunezinto ezithile esingazenza ukuze sinciphise ingozi yethu.
- Gwema ukubhema ngokuphelele. Lena yinto ebaluleke kakhulu.
- Nciphisa ukusetshenziswa kotshwala.
- Gcina isisindo esinempilo.
- Yidla ukudla okucebile ngezithelo ezintsha, imifino, kanye nokudla okusanhlamvu okuphelele.
- Nciphisa ukudla inyama ebomvu, iziphuzo ezinoshukela, kanye nokudla okucutshunguliwe.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Umdlavuza we-pancreatic yisifo esingabonakali esingabonakali zimpawu ezigabeni zokuqala.
- Qaphela izimpawu ezinjengokuphuzi kwesikhumba namehlo (i-jaundice), ubuhlungu obuqhubekayo esiswini noma emhlane, ukwehla kwesisindo okungachazeki, kanye nokuqala okusha kwesifo sikashukela.
- Ukubhema kuyisici esiyinhloko esibangela lo mdlavuza, ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuwugwema.
- Lesi sifo singalapheka ngokuphelele kuphela uma sitholakala kusenesikhathi futhi isimila sisuswe ngokuphelele ngokuhlinzwa.
- Uma wena noma othile emndenini wakho enezimpawu noma izici eziyingozi ezingenhla, ungesabi noma ulibale ukubona udokotela ukuze uthole iseluleko.
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