Wake waphawula igazi elincane esitulweni sakho uma uya endlini yangasese? Noma uvame ukubhekana nezinguquko ezisheshayo ekuhambeni kwakho kwamathumbu, ubuhlungu besisu, noma ukuqunjelwa? Ungakuthathi njengokujwayelekile lokhu. Ngoba lokhu kungaba izimpawu zokuqala zesimo esibucayi njengomdlavuza we-rectal. Kungase kubonakale kunzima ukukhuluma ngakho, kodwa kubalulekile ukuqaphela impilo yakho. Ngakho-ke, ake sixoxe ngalokhu ngokuningiliziwe, ngendlela elula kakhulu.
Kalula nje, uyini umdlavuza we-rectal?
Umdlavuza wekholoni ukukhula okungalawuleki kwamaseli angajwayelekile odongeni lwekholoni, okuhlanganisa ne-rectum. Lokhu kuvame ukuba uhlobo lomdlavuza olukhula kancane kakhulu.
Esikhathini esiningi, kuqala njengezimila ezincane (ama-polyp) ezakheka odongeni lwangaphakathi lwe-rectum. Lezi zimila sizibiza ngokuthi ama-adenoma . Kungathatha iminyaka eyi-10 kuya kweyi-15 ukuthi izimila ezincane ezifana nalezi zibe umdlavuza. Yebo, lokho kuyiqiniso. Lokho kusho ukuthi akwenzeki ngobusuku obubodwa.
Ingxenye engcono kakhulu ukuthi izivivinyo ezifana ne -colonoscopy zingabona futhi zisuse la ma-polyp ngaphambi kokuba abe umdlavuza. Ngakho-ke, ukwenza lezi zivivinyo ngesikhathi kunganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokuba nomdlavuza we-colonectal. Ngisho noma umdlavuza usuqalile, uma utholakala kusenesikhathi, ungelapheka ngokuphelele ngokuhlinzwa ukuze kususwe i-polyp.
Phakathi komdlavuza okhula ohlelweni lwethu lokugaya ukudla, umdlavuza we-rectal yiwona ovame kakhulu, ngemuva komdlavuza wamathumbu amakhulu kanye nomdlavuza we-pancreatic.
Qaphela lezi zimpawu.
Ezimweni eziningi, lo mdlavuza ungahlala emzimbeni iminyaka eminingi ngaphandle kokubonisa izimpawu ezigabeni zokuqala. Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu bangase babe nezimpawu ezithile eziyisixwayiso. Kubalulekile ukuthi uqaphele lezi.
Khumbula, akubona bonke abanalezi zimpawu abanomdlavuza. Kodwa uma lezi zimpawu ziqhubeka, qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela wakho ukuze akunike iseluleko.
| Isibonakaliso | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| Ukopha kwegazi endulo | Igazi elibomvu noma elimnyama esitulweni. |
| Uhudo | Ukuqunjelwa okuqhubekayo. |
| Ukuqunjelwa | Ubunzima bokukhipha indle, ukungaphumi kwesisu izinsuku eziningi. |
| Ushintsho endleleni yokunyakaza kwamathumbu | Izinguquko ezingazelelwe ezintweni ezifana nokuvama nesikhathi sokuya endlini yangasese. |
| Ukushintsha kwesimo sesihlalo | Indle incane njengepensela futhi iphuma njengentambo. |
| Ukukhathala okungazelelwe kanye nobuthakathaka | Ukukhathala okukhulu ngaphandle kwesizathu. |
| Ubuhlungu besisu | Ubuhlungu besisu kanye nokungakhululeki okufana nokuqunjelwa. |
| Ukwehlisa isisindo ngaphandle kwesizathu | Ukwehlisa isisindo ngokuzumayo ngaphandle kokunciphisa ukudla noma ukuzivocavoca. |
Yiziphi izici eziyingozi zokuthuthukisa umdlavuza we-rectal?
Imbangela eqondile yalo mdlavuza ayikatholakali okwamanje. Kodwa-ke, odokotela bathole ezinye izinto ezandisa ingozi yokuthola lesi sifo. Ake sibheke ukuthi ziyini.
| Isici sengozi | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Ubudala | Njengakweminye imidlavuza, ingozi iyanda njengoba abantu bekhula. Ngokwesilinganiso, iziguli eziningi zitholakala zineminyaka engaba ngu-63 ubudala. |
| Ezinye izimo zezokwelapha | Abantu abanezinkinga zamathumbu ezivuvukalayo, njengesifo sikaCrohn kanye nesifo sofuba esiswini, basengozini enkulu. |
| Izitsha zenyama ezicutshunguliwe | Abantu abadla njalo inyama ebomvu nenyama ecutshunguliwe njengesoseji nebhekoni basengozini enkulu. |
| Umlando womndeni | Uma othile emndenini wakho oseduze (umama, ubaba, izingane zakini) eke waba nalo mdlavuza, ingozi yakho yokuba nawo iphakeme ngokuphindwe kabili. |
| Ubulili | Amadoda anamathuba amancane okuthola lo mdlavuza kunabesifazane. |
| Izifo ezidluliselwa ngofuzo | Ezinye izimo zofuzo zandisa ingozi yalo mdlavuza. Izibonelo zifaka phakathi i-Lynch syndrome kanye ne-Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) . |
| Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile | Abantu abakhuluphele ngokweqile basengozini enkulu kunalabo abanesisindo esijwayelekile. |
| Ukubhema | Ucwaningo lwamuva nje lukhombisile ukuthi ababhemayo basengozini enkulu yokufa ngenxa yalo mdlavuza kunabangabhemi. |
Lo mdlavuza utholakala kanjani?
Ukuxilongwa kuvame ukuqala ngokuhlolwa okuvamile ngudokotela, bese kuhlelwa izivivinyo ezahlukahlukene njengoba kudingeka.
Ukuhlolwa okuyisisekelo
Okokuqala, udokotela wakho uzokubuza ngezimpawu zakho bese enza ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba, okungase kuhlanganise nokuhlolwa kwe-digital rectal (DRE) .
Ngemuva kwalokho, isivivinyo esibaluleke kakhulu sokuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa yi -colonoscopy . Kulesi sivivinyo, kufakwa ipayipi elincane elinekhamera nge-anus bese ingaphakathi le-rectum ne-colon lihlolwa ngokuphelele. Uma kubonakala iqhubu elisolisayo (i-polyp) ngalesi sikhathi, kuthathwa ingcezu encane yezicubu ukuze ihlolwe. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi i -biopsy .
Ukuhlolwa okufanele kwenziwe uma umdlavuza uqinisekisiwe
Uma ukuhlolwa kwe-biopsy kuqinisekisa ukuthi kukhona amangqamuzana omdlavuza, udokotela uzokudlulisela kudokotela wezifo zomdlavuza, ozokwenza ezinye izivivinyo eziningana ukuze athole isigaba esiqondile somdlavuza.
Ukuhlolwa Kwegazi
- Ukubalwa Kwegazi Okuphelele (i-CBC): Lokhu kusiza ukuhlola izimo ezifana ne-anemia, okungase kubangelwe ukulahleka kwegazi ngenxa yomdlavuza.
- Iphaneli Ephelele Ye-Metabolic (CMP): Lokhu kungakunikeza umbono ngokusebenza kwezitho ezifana nezinso zakho nesibindi.
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-Enzyme yesibindi: Lokhu kubalulekile ukuze kubonakale ukuthi umdlavuza ususakazekele esibindini.
- Ukuhlolwa Kokumaka Kwesimila: Lokhu kuhlola amazinga ezinto ezithile (amamaki esimila) akhishwa egazini ngamaseli omdlavuza. Kumdlavuza wesimila, umaki i -CEA (Carcinoembryonic Antigens) yiwona ohlolwa kakhulu.
Ezinye izivivinyo
- I-Proctoscopy: Ukuhlolwa okubonakala ngaphakathi kwe-rectum kuphela.
- I-CT scan (i-Computed Tomography scan): Lokhu kusiza ukubona ukuthi umdlavuza ususakazekele kwezinye izitho esiswini.
- Ukuskena kwe-MRI (Umfanekiso Wokubukana Kwe-Magnetic): Ukuskena kwe-MRI kubaluleke kakhulu ukuze kubonakale ngokucacile ukuthi umdlavuza ususakazeke kangakanani ezicutshini ezizungeze indunu.
- I-Ultrasound Yesinqe: Lokhu kusetshenziselwa futhi ukubona ukusabalala komdlavuza emgodini wesinqe.
Zinqunywa kanjani izigaba zomdlavuza?
Ngokusekelwe olwazini olutholwe kulolo nalolo vivinyo, odokotela banquma isigaba somdlavuza. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ekuhleleni ukwelashwa. Kunezigaba ezi-5 ngokuyinhloko.
- Isigaba 0: Amaseli omdlavuza atholakala kuphela ongqimbeni olungaphezulu lodonga lwangaphakathi lwe-rectum.
- Isigaba 1: Umdlavuza usukhule wadlula ungqimba olungaphezulu kodonga futhi usukhule kancane wangena odongeni.
- Isigaba sesi-2: Isimila sikhule odongeni lwe-rectal futhi kungenzeka ukuthi sisakazekele ezicutshini ezizungezile.
- Isigaba sesi-3: Umdlavuza ususakazekele kuma-lymph node eduze kwe-rectum.
- Isigaba 4: Umdlavuza ususakazeke (ususakazeke) ezithweni ezikude njengesibindi namaphaphu.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha?
Kunezindlela eziningana zokwelapha umdlavuza we-rectal. Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizonquma ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu kuwe ngokusekelwe ezicini eziningi, okuhlanganisa isigaba nobukhulu bomdlavuza wakho, kanye nempilo yakho iyonke.
Ukuhlinzwa
Ukwelashwa okuvamile ukususa isimila esinomdlavuza. Kunezinhlobo eziningana zokuhlinzwa.
| Igama lokuhlinzwa | Wenzani? |
|---|---|
| Ukuhlinzwa Kwe-Transanal Endoscopic Microsurgery (TEMS) | Kulokhu, ithuluzi elikhethekile elifakwa nge-anus lisetshenziswa ukususa izimila ezincane kakhulu ezinomdlavuza ezinobungozi obuphansi. |
| Ukususwa Okuphansi Kwangaphambili (LAR) | Uma umdlavuza umkhulu impela, ingxenye ye-rectum lapho umdlavuza ukhona iyasuswa, kungaba ngokuphelele noma ngokwengxenye. |
| Ukususwa Kwesisu Esibelethweni (APR) | Lokhu kuhlinzwa kwenziwa uma umdlavuza useduze kakhulu nendunu futhi isimila singenakususwa ngaphandle kokulimaza imisipha elawula ukunyakaza kwamathumbu. Kulokhu kuhlinzwa, indunu, i-rectum, kanye nengxenye ye-colon kuyasuswa. Kwenziwa imbobo esiswini ukuze indle idlule. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-colostomy . |
Ukwelashwa ngaphezu kokuhlinzwa
Ngezinye izikhathi ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zisetshenziswa ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa ukuze kuncishiswe isimila noma kubhujiswe noma yimaphi amangqamuzana omdlavuza asele ngemva kokuhlinzwa.
- Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali: Ukwelashwa ngemithi ebhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza.
- Ukwelashwa Ngemisebe: Ukubhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza kusetshenziswa imisebe enamandla aphezulu.
- Ukwelashwa Ngezifo Ezithathelwana Ngocansi: Ukuvuselela amasosha omzimba ukuze alwe namaseli omdlavuza.
- Ukwelashwa Okuqondiwe: Imithi eqondisa ama-molecule athile athinta ukukhula kwamaseli omdlavuza.
Ukunakekelwa kokunciphisa ubuhlungu kungase kutholakale ukusiza ekulawuleni imiphumela emibi kanye nezimpawu ngesikhathi sokwelashwa. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngalokhu.
Yini esingayenza ukuze sizivikele kulo mdlavuza?
Nakuba kungekho ndlela yokuvimbela lo mdlavuza ngokuphelele, kunezinto eziningi esingazenza ukuze sinciphise ingozi.
- Gcina isisindo esinempilo esikufanele. Uma ungaqiniseki, xhumana nodokotela.
- Vivinya umzimba njalo.
- Gwema inyama ecutshunguliwe. Kunalokho, yidla ukudla okunempilo okucebile ngenyama engenamafutha amaningi, okusanhlamvu okuphelele, kanye nemifino eluhlaza kanye nezithelo.
- Gwema ukuphuza utshwala.
- Uma ubhema, yeka.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuhlolelwa umdlavuza ngesikhathi esifanele. Ngoba ngalokhu, ama-polyp angatholakala futhi asuswe ngaphambi kokuba abe umdlavuza. Futhi, noma ngabe umdlavuza usuvele, ungatholakala esiteji sokuqala. Khona-ke amathuba okwelashwa nokwelashwa aphezulu kakhulu.
I-Colonoscopy iwukuhlolwa okuyinhloko. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezinye izivivinyo eziningana:
- Ukuhlolwa Kwegazi Lomlingo Wendle (FOBT): Ukuhlolwa okuhlola igazi elisendle elingabonakali emehlweni.
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-DNA yendle: Ukuhlola izinguquko zofuzo kanye nezingxenye zegazi esitulweni ezihlotshaniswa nomdlavuza.
- I-Sigmoidoscopy: Ukuhlolwa kwengxenye engezansi yekholoni kanye ne-rectum.
- I-Colonoscopy Ebonakalayo: I-CT scan ihlola izimila emathunjini amakhulu kanye nasemqaleni.
Ngokuvamile, wonke umuntu oneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-45 kufanele enze lezi zivivinyo. Khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuhlolwa okufanele wena nokuthi kufanele kwenziwe nini, ngokusekelwe emlandweni womndeni wakho kanye nezinye izinto eziyingozi.
Kunini lapho udinga ukubonana nodokotela ngokushesha?
Uma welashwa lo mdlavuza, funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezilandelayo:Yazisa udokotela wakho noma uye eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela.
- Umkhuhlane ongama-degree Celsius angu-38 (100.4 Fahrenheit) noma ngaphezulu.
- Ikhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu.
- Ukuzizwa ubanda futhi uthuthumela.
- Igazi emchameni.
- Ubuhlungu besifuba.
- Ubunzima bokuphefumula.
- Ukudideka.
Imibuzo okufanele uyibuze udokotela wakho
Uma utholakale unalesi sifo, kuyinto evamile ukuba nemibuzo eminingi engqondweni yakho. Ngakho-ke, ngaphandle kokwesaba noma ukungabaza, buza udokotela wakho ngalezi zinto bese uthola impendulo.
- Nginasiphi isigaba somdlavuza?
- Umdlavuza ususabalale kangakanani?
- Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha enginazo?
- Uma ngihlinzwa, ingabe ngizodinga i-colostomy?
Umdlavuza wamathumbu ungaba yisihloko esinzima ukukhuluma ngaso. Futhi ukuhlolwa kungasabisa kancane. Kodwa khumbula, impilo yakho ibaluleke kakhulu kunamahloni noma ukungakhululeki kwakho. Ungazinaki izimpawu. Uma usheshe uyithola, kulapho amathuba akho okwelashwa nokwelashwa angcono khona. Uma unemibuzo noma ukukhathazeka, khuluma nodokotela wakho namuhla.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Uma ubona ushintsho emikhubeni yakho yokuzilungisa (uhudo, ukuqunjelwa) noma igazi esitulweni sakho, ungalushayi indiva. Funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha.
- Lo mdlavuza cishe ungelapheka ngokuphelele uma utholakala kusenesikhathi, ngakho khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuhlolwa kokuhlolwa okufana ne -colonoscopy ngemva kweminyaka engu-45.
- Indlela yokuphila enempilo (ukudla okulinganiselayo, ukuvivinya umzimba, nokugwema ukubhema notshwala) kunganciphisa ingozi.
- Kunezindlela eziningi zokwelapha eziphumelelayo zalokhu, njengokuhlinzwa, ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali, kanye nokwelashwa ngemisebe.
- Ungesabi ukukhuluma ngokukhululekile nodokotela wakho ngempilo yakho, ikakhulukazi izinto ezinjengalezi ongase uzizwe ungakhululekile.
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