Cabanga nje, umuntu ubelokhu ezizwa kabi izinsuku ezimbalwa, inkumbulo yakhe iyancipha, amalunga akhe ngezinye izikhathi ayabuhlungu, futhi isikhumba sakhe siqala ukulunywa. Ngakho-ke uma uya kudokotela ngento efana nale, futhi benza izivivinyo ezahlukahlukene, bathola ukuthi impande yakho konke lokhu umdlavuza ofihliwe emzimbeni. Akumangalisi yini? Umdlavuza usendaweni eyodwa, kodwa ngenxa yemiphumela yawo, izimpawu ezibonakala zingahlobene nhlobo zivela ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zomzimba. Yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi i-Paraneoplastic Syndrome kwezokwelapha.
Kalula nje, iyini i-Paraneoplastic Syndrome?
Lokhu kungase kubonakale kuyinkimbinkimbi ukukuqonda, kodwa ake sikugcine kulula. Uma kuvela isimila esibi emzimbeni wakho, kuba nemiphumela eqondile. Isibonelo, uma unomdlavuza wamaphaphu, ungase ube nokukhwehlela. Uma unomdlavuza wamathumbu amakhulu, ungase ube negazi esitulweni sakho. Lezi yizimpawu eziqondile zomdlavuza.
Kodwa i-Paraneoplastic Syndrome ihlukile. Okwenzekayo lapha ukuthi umzimba wakho ukhiqiza iqoqo lezinye izimpawu ngenxa yomdlavuza. Okusho ukuthi, akuyona into eyenziwa umdlavuza ngokuqondile, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi umdlavuza usemzimbeni, ezinye izinhlelo emzimbeni ziyacasuka njengempendulo kuwo.
Kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko lokhu okungenzeka ngazo:
1. Impendulo Yokuzivikela Ngokuzenzakalelayo: Cabanga ngesimiso somzimba wethu sokuzivikela njengebutho elivikela izwe. Amangqamuzana omdlavuza ayizitha ezingene ezweni. Ngakho-ke ibutho lethu (isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela) liqala ukulwa nalesi sitha (umdlavuza). Ngenxa yalokho, likhiqiza izikhali ezikhethekile, okungukuthi , ama-antibodies . Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi, phakathi nalokhu kulwa, ibutho lethu lenza iphutha. Liqala ukuhlasela hhayi kuphela amangqamuzana esitha, kodwa futhi namaseli amahle, anempilo emzimbeni wethu, licabanga ukuthi liyizitha. Isibonelo, lingahlasela amangqamuzana ohlelweni lwezinzwa, amangqamuzana esikhumba, noma amangqamuzana emalungeni. Yilapho kuvela khona izimpawu ezihlobene nalezo zitho.
2. Ukukhiqizwa kwama-hormone ngamaseli omdlavuza: Ezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza zingakhiqiza izinto eziningi kakhulu, njengama-hormone, umzimba wethu ongawakhiqizi, noma ezingakhiqizi kangako. La ma-hormone angajwayelekile aqoqana egazini futhi ahambe emzimbeni wonke, aphazamise ukusebenza kwezitho ezahlukahlukene. Isibonelo, la ma-hormone angabangela umfutho wegazi ukuba ukhuphuke ngokweqile, noma amazinga e-calcium akhuphuke egazini.
Into ebalulekile ukuthi ngezinye izikhathi, ngisho nangaphambi kokuba umdlavuza utholakale, izimpawu ezihlobene nale Paraneoplastic Syndrome zivela kuqala. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela lezi zimpawu.
Yiziphi izingxenye zomzimba ezithintekayo yilesi simo?
Ama-Paraneoplastic syndromes angathinta cishe noma yisiphi isimiso somzimba. Kodwa-ke, avame ukubonakala kulezi zinhlelo. Ake sibheke ukuthi ayini nokuthi yiziphi izimo ezingase zenzeke ezihlobene nawo.
| Uhlelo lomzimba luthintekile | Izimo zezokwelapha ezingaba khona (izibonelo) |
|---|---|
| Isistimu yezinzwa (ubuchopho, umgogodla, imizwa) | Izimo ezifana nokuwohloka kwe-Cerebellar, i-Encephalitis, i-Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome, i-Myasthenia gravis, i-Peripheral neuropathy, i-Stiff person syndrome. |
| Uhlelo lwe-endocrine (ama-hormone) | Izimo ezifana ne-Cushing syndrome, i-Hypercalcemia (ukwanda kwe-calcium egazini), kanye ne-Carcinoid syndrome. |
| Izicubu ezixhumene (amathambo, amalunga, imisipha) | I-Dermatyositis, i-Paraneoplastic polyarthritis (ukuvuvukala kwamalunga), i-Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy. |
| Igazi | I-anemia yesifo esingamahlalakhona, i-Paraneoplastic erythrocytosis, i-Paraneoplastic thrombocytosis. |
| Isikhumba | I-Acanthosis nigricans (ukuqina nokuqina kwesikhumba ezindaweni ezifana namakhwapha nentamo), i-Dermatomyositis, i-Sweet syndrome, i-Paraneoplastic pemphigus. |
Yiziphi izimpawu ezivamile neziqondile?
Kunezimpawu eziningana ezivamile ezibonakala okokuqala ku-paraneoplastic syndrome. Lezi zingabonakala nakunoma yisiphi esinye isifo, ngakho-ke akuwona umqondo omuhle ukwethuka ngokuzibona nje.
Izimpawu ezivamile:
- Umkhuhlane ngaphandle kwesizathu
- Isifiso sokudla
- Ukujuluka ngokweqile ebusuku
- Ukwehlisa isisindo okungavamile ngaphandle komzamo
Ngaphezu kwalezi zimpawu ezivamile, njengoba sixoxile ngaphambili, izimpawu ezithile ziyavela kuye ngokuthi uhlelo lomzimba luthintekile.
| Uhlelo oluthintekile | Izimpawu ezithile ezingase zibonakale |
|---|---|
| Uhlelo lwezinzwa | Ubunzima bokuhamba, ukulahlekelwa yibhalansi, isiyezi, ukubona okubili, ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo, i-dementia, ubuthakathaka bemisipha, ubunzima bokukhuluma. |
| Uhlelo lwe-endocrine | Umfutho wegazi ophakeme, ukukhuluphala okungachazeki, amazinga aphezulu kashukela egazini, ukukhathala okukhulu. |
| Izicubu ezixhumeneyo | Ubuhlungu bamalunga, ukuvuvukala kwamalunga, ubuhlungu bemisipha kanye nobuthakathaka. |
| Igazi | Ukwehla noma ukwanda okungavamile kohlobo lweseli legazi (isib. i-anemia, noma ukwanda kokuthambekela kwegazi ekujiyeni). |
| Isikhumba | Amaqhubu angewona umdlavuza esikhumbeni, ukubomvu kwesikhumba, ukulunywa ngokweqile, kanye nokushintsha kombala wesikhumba. |
Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthola lesi simo?
Ama-Paraneoplastic syndromes angenzeka ngokombono kunoma ubani onomdlavuza. Kodwa-ke, avame ukwenzeka ngezinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza. Ngokwezibalo, cishe iziguli ezingu-8 kwezingu-100 zomdlavuza (8%) ziba nalesi simo.
Izinhlobo zomdlavuza ezivame ukuhlotshaniswa nalesi simo yilezi:
- Umdlavuza wamaphaphu (ovame ukubonakala ngalolu hlobo)
- Umdlavuza webele
- Umdlavuza ohlobene negazi (njenge-lymphoma, i-leukemia)
- Umdlavuza wesibeletho
Udokotela ukuthola kanjani lokhu?
Uma uya kudokotela onalezi zimpawu, into yokuqala azokwenza ukuthatha umlando ophelele bese ehlola umzimba. Ngemuva kwalokho, bazoyala ukuhlolwa okuningana ukuze bathole ukuthi izimpawu zibangelwa umdlavuza noma esinye isimo sezokwelapha.
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Ukuhlolwa kwegazi okuvamile kungahlola ezinye izimbangela zezimpawu zakho (isb., ukutheleleka, ukungalingani kwama-hormone). Futhi, ezinye izivivinyo zegazi ezikhethekile zingabheka ama-antibodies noma izimpawu zesimila ezihlobene ne-paraneoplastic syndrome.
- Ukuthwebula Izithombe: Ukuhlolwa okufana ne -CT scan , i-MRI scan , noma i-ultrasound kusetshenziselwa ukuthola ukuthi kukhona yini isimila somdlavuza emzimbeni.
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-neurological: Uma kusolwa ukuthi izimpawu zakho zihlobene nesimiso sezinzwa, udokotela wakho uzokwenza imisebenzi ehlukahlukene ukuhlola amandla akho, inkumbulo, ibhalansi, kanye nokuxhumana.
- Ukubhoboza umgogodla/i-Lumbar Puncture: Lokhu kuhilela ukuthatha inani elincane loketshezi lwe-cerebrospinal, uketshezi oluzungeze umgogodla wakho, bese uluhlola ukuze ubone ukuthi akhona yini ama-antibodies angajwayelekile kulolu ketshezi ahlasela amaseli anempilo.
Iphathwa kanjani?
Into ebaluleke kakhulu neyisisekelo ekwelapheni i-paraneoplastic syndrome ukwelapha umdlavuza owabangela konke lokhu. Uma umdlavuza usulawulwa noma welaphekile, izimpawu ezihambisana ne-paraneoplastic syndrome zivame ukuphela zodwa.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngesikhathi sokwelashwa komdlavuza, kunikezwa nokwelashwa ukulawula izimpawu ezivele. Umgomo oyinhloko walezi zindlela zokwelapha ukuzolalisa amasosha omzimba, ahlasela ngephutha amangqamuzana anempilo.
- Ama-Corticosteroids: Imithi efana ne-Prednisolone. Le mithi isebenza ngokunciphisa ukuvuvukala nokuvuvukala emzimbeni.
- Imithi yokucindezela amasosha omzimba:Le mithi inciphisa ukusebenza kwesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela futhi ivimbele ukuhlasela amaseli anempilo.
- I-Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG): Lokhu kuhilela ukunikeza into equkethe ama-antibodies athathwe kubantu abaphilile ngemithambo yegazi. La ma-antibodies asiza ekubhubhiseni ama-antibodies amabi alimaza umzimba.
- I-Plasmapheresis: Lena inqubo efana nokuhlanzwa kwegazi. Igazi lakho liyathathwa, ingxenye ewuketshezi (i-plasma) iyahlukaniswa, ama-antibodies ayingozi ayahlungwa, bese i-plasma ehlanziwe ifakwa kabusha emzimbeni wakho.
- Ukwelashwa ngokomzimba, ngokomsebenzi kanye nangokwenkulumo: Uma uhlelo lwezinzwa luthintekile futhi kunobunzima bokuhamba, ukukhuluma noma ukwenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke, lokhu kwelashwa kungasiza ekwakheni kabusha lawo makhono.
Kufanele ubonane nini nodokotela?
Uma unezimpawu ezingavamile ezifana nalezo okukhulunywe ngazo kulesi sihloko, ikakhulukazi uma zinzima noma zihlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto amabili, kufanele nakanjani ubone udokotela.
Khumbula, akuwona wonke umuntu onalezi zimpawu onomdlavuza. Eziningi zalezi zimpawu zingabangelwa nezinye izimo ezingezona ezimbi njengomdlavuza. Ngakho-ke ungacabangi ukuthi kubi kakhulu futhi ukwesaba. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuthola ukuthi yini ngempela ebangela lokhu. Ngakho-ke qiniseka ukuthi ufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha.
Uma uke welashwa umdlavuza esikhathini esidlule, ake sithi eminyakeni emihlanu edlule, futhi manje ubhekene nezimpawu ezinjengalezi, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uphinde uhlolwe. Lokhu kungasiza ekunqumeni ukuthi umdlavuza ubuyile yini.
Uma uphila nomdlavuza, kuvamile ukuzizwa ukhungathekile uma unenhlanganisela yezimpawu ezinjengalezi. Kodwa kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu kwalesi sifo se-paraneoplastic kufana nokwelashwa komdlavuza. Ukulandela uhlelo lwakho lokwelashwa komdlavuza eduze kuzokusiza kakhulu ekulawuleni lezi zimpawu. Kunezindlela eziningi zokwelapha ezingakunikeza impumuzo. Khuluma ngokukhululekile nodokotela wakho ngazo.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Paraneoplastic syndrome ayiyona imiphumela eqondile yomdlavuza, kodwa ingumphumela ongaqondile obangelwa amasosha omzimba noma ama-hormone asabela kumdlavuza.
- Kwezinye izimo, izimpawu ezihlobene nalesi sifo zivela kuqala , ngisho nangaphambi kokuba kutholakale ukuthi umdlavuza ukhona.
- Indlela eyinhloko yokwelapha lesi simo ukwelapha umdlavuza oyisisekelo.
- Uma unezimpawu ezingavamile (isib. ukwehla kwesisindo, ubuthakathaka bemisipha, izinguquko zesikhumba) ezibonakala ngaphandle kwesizathu futhi ezihlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto amabili, bona udokotela ngokushesha.
- Njengoba lezi zimpawu zingabangelwa ezinye izimo eziningi zezokwelapha, kubalulekile ukungesabi bese ucela ukuhlolwa okufanele kwezokwelapha .
💬 Comments (0)
Awekho amazwana athunyelwe okwamanje. Faka amazwana akho lapha okokuqala ngqa.
Engeza amazwana akho