Ake sifunde kabanzi ngokudla okunobuthi! Qhubeka ufunda ngaphandle kokwesaba!

Namuhla sizokhuluma ngento abantu abaningi ababhekana nayo, kodwa abangayiqapheli ngokugcwele. Lokho kuwukungenwa yisifo sokudla, noma njengoba sisho ngesiNgisi, ``(Ukudla Okunobuthi)``. Ngezinye izikhathi, ngokuzumayo uthola inkinga yesisu, uqala ukuhlanza, bese kuba nzima kakhulu, akunjalo? Ngakho-ke, kuyini ngempela lokhu kungenwa yisifo sokudla? Ake sibone.

Kuyini ngempela ukungenwa ubuthi ekudleni?

Kalula nje, ubuthi bokudla buyisifo esibangelwa amagciwane angena ekudleni esikudlayo. La magciwane angaba amabhaktheriya, ngezinye izikhathi amagciwane, noma ezinye izinto ezincane eziphilayo. Asikwazi ukuwabona, ukuwahogela, noma ukuwanambitha (okungenani hhayi ngaphansi kwe-microscope). Kodwa, noma emancane, angaba nomthelela omkhulu emizimbeni yethu.

Uma amagciwane abhubhisa ukudla engena emizimbeni yethu, angakhipha ubuthi. Lawa ma-toxin ayimbangela yegama elithi 'ukonakala kokudla'. Lawa ma-toxin yiwo abangela uhudo (ukuhlanza) nokuhlanza .

Odokotela bavame ukubiza 'ubuthi bokudla' ngokuthi isifo esenzeka ngokushesha ngemva kokudla ukudla okungcolile. Ngokuvamile, uhudo noma ukuhlanza kuqala emahoreni ambalwa ngemva kokudla ukudla. Kodwa izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ubuthi bokudla buvame ukuphela ngokushesha. Iningi labantu liyalulama zingakapheli izinsuku ezimbili kuya kwezintathu ngaphandle kwezinkinga zesikhathi eside.

Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izimo ezinzima, ubuthi bokudla bungase budinge ukuthi ubonane nodokotela noma uye esibhedlela. Lokhu kungenxa yokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni . Lokhu kusho ukuthi umzimba ulahlekelwa amanzi. Lena yinkinga eyingozi kakhulu yobuthi bokudla.

Ziyini izimpawu zokuthi umuntu unesifo sokudla?

Izimpawu zobuthi bokudla zincike ohlotsheni lwegciwane elikubangele. Abanye abantu bangase baqale ukuzizwa begula zingakapheli ihora noma amabili bedle ukudla okungcolile noma amanzi okuphuza. Ngezinye izikhathi, izimpawu zingathatha amasonto ukuba zivele. Kodwa ezimweni eziningi, lezi zimpawu ziyaphela zingakapheli izinsuku eziyi-1 kuya kweziyi-10.

Lezi yizimpawu zokuthi ingane yakho ingase ibe nokungezwani nokudla:

• Isicanucanu (ukuzizwa sengathi uhlanza)
• Ubuhlungu besisu kanye nomuzwa wokuphenduka esiswini
• Ukuhlanza
• Uhudo (ubuhlungu besisu)
• Imfiva
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu kanye nobuhlungu bomzimba

Akuvamile kakhulu ukuthi umuntu abe nesiyezi, umbono ofiphele, noma ukungabi namizwa ezandleni ngenxa yobuthi bokudla. Ezimweni ezingavamile kakhulu, umuzwa wokungabi namandla okuhambisana nobuthi bokudla ungenza kube nzima ukuphefumula .

Yiziphi izimbangela zokonakala kokudla?

Ubuthi bokudla buvela uma udla noma uphuza ukudla okungcoliswe amagciwane. Ngokuvamile, ubuthi bokudla buvela emikhiqizweni yezilwane – okungukuthi , inyama, izinkukhu, amaqanda, imikhiqizo yobisi, kanye nokudla kwasolwandle . Kodwa-ke, izithelo, imifino, nokunye ukudla okuluhlaza okungagezwanga nakho kungabangela ubuthi bokudla.Kungangcolisa futhi kugulise abantu. Ngisho namanzi angabangela ukudla ukuba konakale, bewazi?

Kunezindlela eziningi ukudla okungangcoliswa ngazo. Lezi zinto zingenzeka lapho kulungiswa, kugcinwa, futhi kusetshenziswa ukudla. Cabanga ngakho ngale ndlela:

• Amanzi asetshenziselwa ukukhulisa ukudla angangcoliswa yindle yezilwane noma yabantu.
• Inyama noma inkukhu ingathintana namagciwane ngesikhathi sokulungiswa noma ukuthuthwa.
• Amabhaktheriya angangena ekudleni uma kugcinwa ekushiseni okungalungile noma uma kugcinwa isikhathi eside kakhulu .
• Ukudla kungangcoliswa uma abantu abapheka noma abaphatha ukudla bengagezi izandla zabo kahle, noma uma besebenzisa izitsha ezingcolile noma amabhodi okusika.

Abantu abanezimo ezithile zezokwelapha (njengesifo sezinso esingamahlalakhona) noma labo abanezivikeli mzimba ezibuthakathaka banamathuba amaningi okuguliswa ubuthi bokudla kunabantu abanempilo enhle.

Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko zamagciwane abangela ukonakala kokudla?

Kunezinhlobo eziningana zamagciwane avame ukubangela ukonakala kokudla, ake sifunde kancane ngawo:

• I-Salmonella: Leli gciwane liyimbangela ehamba phambili yobuthi bokudla emhlabeni jikelele. Leli gciwane livame ukungena ekudleni ngokuthintana nendle yezilwane. Imikhiqizo yobisi, inyama engaphekiwe kahle, kanye nezithelo nemifino eluhlaza engagezwanga kahle yizona zimbangela eziyinhloko zobuthi be-salmonella.
• I-E. coli (Escherichia coli): Leli gciwane livame ukungena ekudleni noma emanzini ngokuxhumana nendle yezilwane. Ukudla inyama yenkomo engaphekiwe kahle kuyimbangela enkulu yokungcola kwe-E. coli.
• I-Listeria: Leli gciwane livame ukutholakala emikhiqizweni yobisi engaphekiwe, ukudla kwasolwandle okubhemayo, kanye nenyama ecutshunguliwe njenge-hot dog kanye nenyama yasemini . Igciwane le-Listeria lingangcolisa nezithelo nemifino, kodwa lokhu akwenzeki njalo.
• I-Campylobacter: Leli gciwane livame ukungcolisa inyama, izinkukhu, nobisi olungaphekwanga . I-Campylobacter ingangcolisa namanzi. Njengamanye amabhaktheriya, ivame ukungena ekudleni ngokuthinta indle yezilwane engcolile.
• I-Staphylococcus aureus: Leli gciwane (elitholakala enyameni, kumasaladi alungisiwe, nasekudleni okwenziwe ngemikhiqizo yobisi engaphekiwe) lisakazeka ngokuthintana ngezandla, ukuthimula, noma ukukhwehlela. Lokhu kusho ukuthi abantu abalungisa futhi abaphatha ukudla bangasakaza lesi sifo.
• I-Shigella: Ibhaktheriya ye-Shigella ingangcolisa ukudla kwasolwandle, izithelo ezingavuthiwe, kanye nemifino . Leli bhaktheriya livame ukusabalala ngabantu abalungisa noma abaphatha ukudla noma abangagezi izandla zabo kahle ngemva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese. Ngezinye izikhathi, lesi sifo singabangela igazi esitulweni.
• I-Hepatitis A: Leli gciwane livame ukudluliselwa kubantu ngokudla i-shellfish eluhlaza noma ukudla okuye kwaphathwa ngumuntu onegciwane . Kunzima ukunquma ukuthi litholakale kuphi, njengoba izimpawu zingase zingabonakali izinsuku ezingu-15 kuya kwezingu-50 ngemva kokutheleleka.
• I-Norovirus: Ukutheleleka kwe-Norovirus kusakazeka kalula kusuka komunye umuntu kuya komunye, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi njengezikhungo zokunakekela izingane zasemini kanye nezikole.

Amanye ala magciwane, njenge -Listeria kanye ne-E. coli, angabangela izinkinga ezinkulu zenhliziyo, izinso kanye nokopha , ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuqaphela lokhu.

Yiziphi izikhathi ezinhle kakhulu zokuya kudokotela?

Iningi lokudla okunobuthi alidingi ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha, kodwa abanye bayakudinga. Inkinga enkulu kakhulu ngokudla okunobuthi ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni . Ingane enempilo cishe ayinawo amanzi emzimbeni uma iphuza uketshezi olwanele ukuze ithathe indawo yoketshezi olulahlekelayo ngokuhlanza noma uhudo.

Kodwa-ke, kufanele nakanjani ukhulume nodokotela uma ingane yakho inanoma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu:

• Uma uhlanza njalo isikhathi esingaphezu kwamahora ayi-12
• Uma unesifo sohudo esinomkhuhlane ongaphezu kuka-101°F (38.3°C)
• Uma unezinhlungu zesisu ezinzima ezingapheli ngisho nangemva kokuphuma kwesisu
• Uma unendle enegazi (kungaba uhudo noma indle evamile) noma uma uhlanza igazi
• Uma indle yakho imnyama noma inombala onsomi omnyama (lokhu kungaba uphawu lokopha ngaphakathi)
• Kulungile uma inhliziyo yakho ishaya ngokushesha, kodwa uma uzizwa sengathi isifuba sakho siyashaya,

Kufanele futhi uqaphele kakhulu izimpawu zokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni. Lokhu kungafaka:

• Ukomile kakhulu
• Uma uchama kancane kakhulu noma ungachami nhlobo (uma ungakachami amahora angu-6-8, kuyingozi kakhulu)
• Isiyezi
• Uma amehlo akho ebonakala eshonile
• Ukuzizwa unesizungu noma unekhanda elibuhlungu

Uma othile emndenini wakho esanda kuhamba aye kwelinye izwe futhi ingane yakho isiqalile ukuba nesifo sohudo noma ezinye izinkinga zesisu , shayela udokotela wakho .

Ubuthi bokudla (ikakhulukazi ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni) kungaba yingozi kakhulu kubantu abanezivikeli mzimba ezibuthakathaka noma ezinye izifo . Uma ingane yakho inesimo sempilo (njengezinkinga zezinso noma isifo se-sickle cell), shayela udokotela wakho ngokushesha. Abesifazane abakhulelwe kufanele batshele nodokotela wabo uma bethola ubuthi bokudla, ngoba amanye amagciwane angathinta ingane esibelethweni.

Unquma kanjani ngokunembile ukuthi yini eyakha ikhambi lokudla?

Udokotela uzobuza ngezinto ezifana nokuthi ingane yakho isanda kukudlani nokuthi izimpawu ziqale nini . Udokotela uzohlola ingane futhi angathatha amasampula egazi, indle, noma umchamo ukuze awathumele elabhorethri ukuze ahlolwe. Lokhu kungasiza udokotela ukuthola imbangela yokugula.

Uphatha kanjani ubuthi bokudla?

Ngokuvamile, ubuthi bokudla buzophela bodwa ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi, odokotela banikeza ama-antibiotics ngenxa yobuthi obukhulu bokudla obubangelwa amagciwane. Ingane ephelelwe amanzi emzimbeni kakhulu ingadinga ukwelashwa esibhedlela nge-IV fluids .

Yikuphi ukwelashwa okungenziwa ekhaya?

Ubuthi bokudla buvame ukuphela bodwa phakathi nezinsuku ezimbalwa. Okwamanje, nazi ezinye izinto ongazenza ukuze usize ingane yakho izizwe ingcono:

• Zinike ukuphumula okwanele. Ukungazikhandla ngokweqile umzimba wakho kuzokusiza ukuthi ululame ngokushesha.
• Nikeza uketshezi ukuze uvimbele ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni. Izixazululo ze-electrolyte ezifana ne-Jeevani zinhle, kodwa unganikeza noma yini ngaphandle kobisi noma iziphuzo ezine-caffeine (njengetiye noma ikhofi), njengamanzi alula, iphalishi, noma isobho.
• Banike amanzi amancane njalo. Lokhu kuzokwenza kube lula ukugcina uketshezi futhi kunciphise ukuhlanza.
• Gwema ukunikeza ukudla okuqinile nobisi kuze kube yilapho uhudo seluphelile ngokuphelele.

Khumbula lokhu: Ungathathi imithi yokwelapha isifo sohudo ethengiswa ngaphandle kweseluleko sikadokotela. Lokhu kungalibazisa ukususwa kwamagciwane atholakala ekudleni, okwenza izimpawu zihlale isikhathi eside.

Ngemva kokuba isisu siphelile nokuhlanza, nikeza ingane yakho ukudla okuncane, okuthambile, okunamafutha amancane (isib. iphalishi lelayisi, imifino ephekiwe ngomusi, isobho) izinsuku ezimbalwa . Lokhu kuzosiza ekuvimbeleni ukucasuka kwesisu okuqhubekayo.

Uma izimpawu ziba zimbi kakhulu noma ubona izimpawu zokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni, shayela udokotela ngokushesha.

Yini okufanele siyenze ukuze sigweme ukudla okunobuthi?

Bathi, “Ukuvimbela kungcono kunokwelapha.” Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukulandela lawa macebiso ukuze uvikele umndeni wakho ekudleni okunobuthi:

• Fundisa wonke umuntu emndenini ukugeza izandla zakhe kahle futhi kaningi . Ikakhulukazi ngemva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese, ngaphambi kokuphatha ukudla, nangemva kokuphatha ukudla okuluhlaza (inyama, inhlanzi). Sebenzisa insipho namanzi ashisayo bese uhlikihla okungenani imizuzwana eyi-15-20.
• Geza zonke izitsha, amabhodi okusika, kanye nezindawo zokusebenza ezisetshenziselwa ukulungiselela ukudla kahle ngamanzi ashisayo anensipho .
• Unganiki ubisi olungaphekiwe noma ukudla okwenziwe ngalo.
• Geza yonke imifino eluhlaza nezithelo ezingenakuhlutshwa (isib. amagilebhisi, ubhanana) kahle ngaphansi kwamanzi agobhozayo.
• Gcina ukudla okuluhlaza (ikakhulukazi inyama, inkukhu, kanye nokudla kwasolwandle) kuhlukile kokunye ukudla kuze kube yilapho sekulungele ukuphekwa. Ungasebenzisi ibhodi lokusika elifanayo enyameni eluhlaza kanye nesaladi.
• Sebenzisa ukudla okonakalayo noma ukudla okunosuku lokuphelelwa yisikhathi ngokushesha okukhulu.
• Pheka yonke imikhiqizo yezilwane kahle kuze kufike ezingeni lokushisa eliphephile langaphakathi. Sebenzisa i-thermometer yenyama uma ikhona.
• Ngenyama yenkomo egayiwe kanye nengulube, lokho kusho okungenani amazinga okushisa angu-160°F (71°C).
• Uma inyama inqunyiwe kakhulu (njengenyama yenkomo, iwundlu), izinga lokushisa eliphephile lingu-145°F (63°C).
• Inkukhu ne-turkey (egayiwe futhi ephelele), okungenani kufike ku-165°F (74°C).
• Pheka amaqanda enkukhu kuze kube yilapho izikhupha ziqinile .
• Inhlanzi ngokuvamile iphephile ukuyidla uma ifinyelela izinga lokushisa elingu-145°F (63°C).
• Faka okusele esiqandisini zingakapheli amahora amabili (ihora eli-1 esimweni sezulu esishisayo). Uma kungenzeka, gcina ezitsheni ezingangeni moya.
• Uma uncibilikisa ukudla, kuncibilikise esiqandisini, kuma-microwave, noma ngaphansi kwamanzi abandayo agobhozayo. Ungalokothi uncibilikise ukudla ekushiseni kwegumbi.
• Uma ukudla sekudlule isikhathi sokuphelelwa yisikhathi, kunombala ongajwayelekile, ukunambitheka, noma iphunga, kulahle. Uma ungabaza, ungakudli!
• Uma ukhulelwe, gwema ngokuphelele ukudla inyama eluhlaza noma engaphekiwe kahle, ukudla kwasolwandle, ukudla kwasolwandle okubhemayo, amaqanda aluhlaza kanye nokudla okungase kube namaqanda aluhlaza (njenge-mayonnaise eyenziwe ekhaya), ushizi othambile, ubisi olungaphekiwe kanye neziphuzo zezithelo, ama-paté, amasaladi athengwa esitolo, inyama yasemini, kanye nama-hot dog .
• Ungaphuzi amanzi emifuleni noma emithonjeni engcolile.

Uma othile emndenini wakho eba nokungezwani nokudla, shayela umnyango wezempilo wendawo. Bangathola imbangela futhi bavimbele ukusabalala kwesifo esingathinta abanye.

Ngakho-ke, yiziphi izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okudingeka sizikhumbule kule ndaba?

Ubuthi bokudla bungenzeka kunoma ubani, kodwa ngokunakekela okuncane, singakugwema. Ukulungisa ukudla ngendlela ehlanzekile, ukupheka kahle, nokugeza izandla zethu kahle yizinto ezibaluleke kakhulu. Uma ingane ihlushwa yisisu, ihlanza, noma isifo sohudo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuyigcina inamanzi amaningi. Lokho kusho ukuyinika uketshezi oluningi. Uma ukugula kubonakala kukhulu, uma inomkhuhlane, noma uma ikhombisa izimpawu zokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni, bona udokotela ngokushesha. Akukho okufanele ukhathazeke ngakho, isikhathi esiningi kuzolunga ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Kodwa, ukuqaphela kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuzivikela! Hlala uphilile, nonke!

` Ubuthi bokudla, ubuthi bokudla, isifo sohudo, ukuhlanza, ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni, amagciwane, ukuphepha kokudla