Ingabe kukhona umuntu emndenini wakho, mhlawumbe ubaba wakho, umama wakho, noma umuntu omaziyo, onesifo sikaParkinson? Kumelwe ukuba wazizwa udabuke kakhulu ukubona izandla zakhe zithuthumela, ubunzima bakhe bokuhamba, umzimba wakhe uqina, nobuso bakhe bulahlekelwa yimizwa. Akulula ngempela ukuphila nalesi sifo. Kodwa into engcono kakhulu ukuthi ngesayensi yezokwelapha ethuthukisiwe yanamuhla, ngomuthi ofanele, ungakwazi ukulawula lezi zimpawu ngezinga elikhulu futhi uphile impilo enhle. Ngakho-ke namuhla, ake sixoxe kalula nangomusa ngemithi enikezwa isifo sikaParkinson.
Okokuqala, ake sibone, iyini ngempela i-Parkinson's?
Masiqonde lokhu kalula. Isifo sikaParkinson siyisifo esihlobene nohlelo lwethu lwezinzwa. Ngokukhethekile, ubuchopho bethu. Yisimo esiqhubekayo esiba sibi kancane kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi . Kukhona indawo yobuchopho bethu ebizwa ngokuthi i-'substantia nigra' elawula ukunyakaza. Amaseli ezinzwa kule ndawo ayalimala futhi kancane kancane ayafa.
Lawa maseli ezinzwa akhiqiza isithunywa samakhemikhali esibaluleke kakhulu, i-'neurotransmitter', emzimbeni wethu. Igama layo yi -dopamine . Le dopamine ibalulekile ukuze ukunyakaza kwemizimba yethu kube bushelelezi futhi kulawulwe. Ngakho-ke lapho lawo maseli ezinzwa ebhujiswa, izinga le-dopamine ebuchosheni liyancipha. Yingakho izimpawu ezifana nokuthuthumela, ubunzima bokuhamba, kanye nokuqina komzimba kwenzeka kwisifo sikaParkinson.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi imithi enikezwa isifo sikaParkinson ilawula lezi zimpawu. Okwamanje, ayikho ikhambi lalesi sifo. Kodwa-ke, le mithi isiza kakhulu ekulawuleni izimpawu nasekuthuthukiseni ikhwalithi yokuphila.
Imithi eyinhloko yesifo sikaParkinson
Lapho belapha isifo sikaParkinson, odokotela bavame ukusebenzisa inhlanganisela yemithi eminingana, kunomuthi owodwa. Lokhu kuyahlukahluka kuye ngezimpawu zomuntu, ubudala, kanye nesigaba sesifo. Ake sibheke izinhlobo eziyinhloko zemithi.
1. I-Levodopa ne-Carbidopa
Lona umuthi oyinhloko nosebenza kahle kakhulu wesifo sikaParkinson. Ubizwa nangokuthi indinganiso yegolide.
- I-Levodopa: Uma lo muthi ungena emzimbeni wethu, ungena ebuchosheni bese uphenduka i-dopamine. Okusho ukuthi, lo muthi ubuyisela inani le-dopamine eliye laphela ebuchosheni.
- I-Carbidopa: Kodwa kunenkinga. Uma sithatha i-levodopa yodwa, iningi layo liyabhujiswa ama-enzyme emzimbeni wethu ngaphambi kokuba ifike ebuchosheni. Ukuze kumiswe lokhu, kunikezwa umuthi obizwa ngokuthi i-carbidopa kanye ne-levodopa. I-Carbidopa ivumela i-levodopa eningi ukuthi ifinyelele ebuchosheni ngokuphephile. Futhi, i-carbidopa iyasiza ekunciphiseni imiphumela emibi yokusebenzisa i-levodopa yodwa, njengesicanucanu nokuhlanza.
Le nhlanganisela yemithi ivame ukusebenza kahle kakhulu ezimpawu ze-bradykinesia, ukuqina, kanye nokuthuthumela.
| Uhlobo lomuthi | Amagama Omkhiqizo Avamile eSri Lanka |
|---|---|
| Inhlanganisela yeLevodopa-Carbidopa | I-Sinemet®, i-Rytary®, i-Parcopa®, i-Dhivy® |
2. Ama-Dopamine Agonists
Lolu hlobo lomuthi lufana nomdlali we-actor. Okusho ukuthi, empeleni akuyona i-dopamine. Kodwa iya ebuchosheni bese isebenza njenge-dopamine. Ivuselela ama-dopamine receptors ebuchosheni, inikeze ubuchopho umuzwa wokuthi i-dopamine ikhona.
Le mithi ivame ukunikezwa ezigabeni zokuqala zesifo, ikakhulukazi ezigulini ezisencane. Ngezinye izikhathi ingasiza ekwandiseni ukusebenza kahle kwe-levodopa.
- I-Pramipexole (Mirapex®)
- I-Ropinirole (i-Requip®)
- I-Rotigotine (Neupro®)
3. Ama-enzyme Inhibitors
Ungesabi uma uzwa leli gama. Kulula kakhulu. Sishilo ngaphambilini ukuthi kukhona ama-enzyme emzimbeni wethu aphula i-dopamine. Lokho okwenziwa yile mithi ukuvimba ukusebenza kwalawo ma-enzyme. Ngemuva kwalokho i-dopamine ebuchosheni ayibhujiswa isikhathi eside.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zalezi:
- Ama-MAO-B Inhibitors: Lawa avimba ukusebenza kwe-`MAO-B`, i-enzyme enkulu ephula i-dopamine ebuchosheni. Izibonelo: `Selegiline`, `Rasagiline`.
- Ama-COMT Inhibitors: Lawa avimbela i-enzyme ethi `COMT` ephula i-dopamine, eyakhiwa yi-levodopa. Ngenxa yalokhu, umphumela we-levodopa uhlala isikhathi eside. Izibonelo: `Entacapone`, `Opicapone`.
4. I-Amantadine
Ezinye iziguli eziphuza imithi efana ne-levodopa isikhathi eside zingaba nokunyakaza okungahleliwe nokungalawuleki (i-dyskinesia). I-Amantadine isetshenziswa kakhulu ukwelapha lezi zimo. Ngokumangazayo, ekuqaleni yasungulwa njengomuthi wokulwa namagciwane. Kodwa kamuva kwatholakala ukuthi iyasiza futhi ezimpawini zikaParkinson.
5. Imithi Yokulwa Ne-cholinergic
Lo muthi usiza kakhulu ekuthuthumeleni nasekuqineni .Ukulawula. Lapho i-dopamine ebuchosheni bethu incipha, umphumela wenye i-'neurotransmitter' ebizwa ngokuthi i-acetylcholine uyanda. Le mithi ivimba umphumela waleyo acetylcholine. Izibonelo: `Benztropine`, `Trihexyphenidyl`.
Imithi yezinye izimpawu ezingahlobene nokunyakaza
Isifo sikaParkinson asigcini nje ngokuphazamisa ukunyakaza. Singabangela nezinye izinkinga, njengokuqunjelwa, izinkinga zokulala, ukucindezeleka, kanye nokungasebenzi kahle kocansi. Udokotela wakho uzokunikeza imithi ngayinye yalezi zinto.
| Isibonakaliso | Izinhlobo zemithi engase inikezwe |
|---|---|
| Ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-Erectile | Imithi efana ne-Sildenafil (Viagra®) |
| Ukulala ngokweqile emini (i-Hypersomnia) | I-Modafinil (i-Provigil®) |
| Ukuqunjelwa | Izinto zokuthambisa indle, njenge-polyethylene glycol (MiraLax®) |
| Ukukhathala | I-Methylphenidate (i-Ritalin®) |
| Isifo sokulahlekelwa yingqondo | Izithibi ze-Cholinesterase |
| Ukucindezeleka/Ukukhathazeka | Ama-SSRI (Ama-Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors) |
| I-Psychosis/Ukuphupha Okungasho lutho | Imithi yokulwa nesifo sengqondo efana ne-pimavanserin |
Ake sifunde nangemiphumela emibi yale mithi.
Njenganoma yimuphi umuthi, imithi kaParkinson ingaba nemiphumela emibi. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela lokhu kusenesikhathi. Kodwa-ke, akuwona wonke umuntu othola le miphumela emibi. Futhi, eminye yayo iyaphela njengoba umuthi uqhubeka nokusetshenziswa.
| Uhlobo lomuthi | Imiphumela emibi evamile |
|---|---|
| I-Levodopa | Isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, isiyezi, ikhanda elibuhlungu, ukozela emini, ukucindezeleka kwesimo somzimba. Ukudideka kwengqondo kanye nokubona izinto ezingekho ngokoqobo kungase kwenzeke kubantu asebekhulile. |
| Ama-Dopamine Agonists | Ukuphupha izinto ezingekho, ukudideka kwengqondo, ukozela, isicanucanu, umlomo owomile, isiyezi. Lokhu kungase kwenzeke kaningi ezinsukwini zokuqala zokuqala kokuthatha umuthi bese kuncipha. |
| Ama-enzyme Inhibitors | (ama-COMT inhibitors): uhudo, ukunyakaza okungalawulwa (i-dyskinesia). (Izithibi ze-MAO-B): Ubuhlungu besifuba, isicanucanu, umlomo owomile, isiyezi. |
| I-Amantadine | Ubunzima bokugxilisa ingqondo, ukudideka kwengqondo, ukuqwasha, amaphupho amabi, imilenze evuvukele. |
| Imithi yokulwa ne-cholinergic | Umlomo owomile, ukubona okufiphele, ukozela, ukuqunjelwa, ubunzima bokuchama, izinkinga zokukhumbula. |
Kubaluleke kakhulu: Ungayeki ukuthatha i-Levodopa noma wehlise umthamo ngokuzumayo ngaphandle kweseluleko sikadokotela wakho nganoma yisiphi isizathu. Ukwenza kanjalo kungabangela isimo esibi nesisongela ukuphila esibizwa ngokuthi i-'parkinsonism hyperpyrexia syndrome'.
Ingabe imithi ayanele? Yini enye engenziwa?
Imithi empeleni iyingxenye eyodwa nje yempi. Uma wenza ezinye izinto ezimbalwa kanye nemithi, ungalawula kangcono izimpawu zakho futhi uhlale ujabule.
Ukwelashwa Komzimba
Lokhu kuyinto okufanele uyenze nakanjani. Kunezinhlelo zokwelapha ngokomzimba eziqondene ngqo neziguli ze-Parkinson's. Lezi zizokusiza,
- Ungathuthukisa ibhalansi yomzimba wakho kanye nokuhamba kwawo.
- Kungakhulisa ukuzinza komzimba.
- Kusiza kakhulu ukugcina impilo ematasa.
Ukuzivocavoca umzimba
Ukuzivocavoca kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuphatha isifo sikaParkinson. Ukuzivocavoca yiyona nto kuphela eye yafakazelwa ngokwesayensi ukuthi inciphisa ukuqhubeka kwalesi sifo. Kungcono ukwenza okungenani imizuzu eyi-150 yokuzivocavoca ngenhliziyo ngesonto. Izinto ezifana nokugibela ibhayisikili, isibhakela, kanye nokuzivocavoca ngomculo ziyasiza kakhulu.
Ukunakekela impilo yengqondo
Uma uphila nesifo sesikhathi eside njenge-Parkinson's, kuvamile ukuzizwa ucindezelekile, ukhathazekile, futhi ukhathazekile. Ngakho-ke, uma uzizwa ngale ndlela, kubalulekile ukungabi namahloni ngakho futhi ufune usizo kuchwepheshe wezempilo yengqondo, njengososayensi wengqondo .
Kufanele uphinde ubonane nodokotela wakho nini futhi?
Uma usebenzisa umuthi kaParkinson, kubalulekile ukubona udokotela wakho njalo ukuze uhlole ukuthi umuthi uyasebenza yini nokuthi ngabe izimpawu ezintsha sezivele yini. Qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela wakho ikakhulukazi kulezi zimo.
- Uma uhlangabezana nemiphumela emibi ongeke uyibekezelele .
- Uma izimpawu zakho zingathuthuki noma zingabi zimbi kakhulu .
- Uma uzizwa sengathi ufuna ukuyeka imithi yakho . (Ungalokothi wenze lesi sinqumo wedwa!)
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Imithi yesifo sikaParkinson ayikwazi ukwelapha lesi sifo ngokuphelele, kodwa ingalawula izimpawu futhi ithuthukise ikhwalithi yokuphila.
- I-Levodopa iwumuthi oyinhloko nosebenza kahle kakhulu kulokhu.
- Njengayo yonke imithi, imiphumela emibi ingenzeka. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngayo ngokukhululekile.
- Ungayeki ukuphuza imithi noma ushintshe umthamo ngaphandle kweseluleko sikadokotela wakho nganoma yisiphi isizathu. Kungaba yingozi.
- Ngaphezu kwemithi, ukwelashwa ngokomzimba kanye nokuvivinya umzimba njalo kubaluleke kakhulu ekulawuleni lesi sifo.
- Nakekela impilo yakho yengqondo phakathi nalolu hambo. Funa usizo lochwepheshe uma kudingeka.
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