Ingabe uzwa ubuhlungu emilenzeni yakho, ikakhulukazi endaweni yethole, uma uhamba? Ingabe uzizwa sengathi imilenze yakho ilahlekelwa amandla ayo ngemva kokuhamba ibanga elifushane, futhi kubonakala sengathi iyancipha uma uphumula? Mhlawumbe umthambo wegazi emlenzeni wakho uyavaleka kancane kancane. Lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi i-Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD). Namuhla sikhuluma ngokuhlinzwa okukhethekile okwenziwa lapho lesi simo sinzima futhi singenakulawulwa ngezinye izindlela zokwelapha.
Kuyini i-Peripheral Artery Bypass?
Kalula nje, kufana nokwakha indlela entsha yokudlula ukuze kugwenywe ithrafikhi enkulu emgwaqweni. I-cholesterol nezinye izinto ezinamafutha zakha emithanjeni ethwala igazi emizimbeni yethu, ikakhulukazi emilenzeni yethu, bese zakha "i-plaque." Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, le plaque iyakha futhi ivimbe imithambo yegazi. Lokhu kuncisha izicubu ezisemilenzeni yethu umoya-mpilo nezakhamzimba ezizidingayo.
Ngakho-ke, ekuhlinzeni kwe -Peripheral Artery Bypass , udokotela ohlinzayo udala indlela entsha yokudlula umthambo wegazi ovinjiwe. Lokhu kuhilela ukusebenzisa umthambo wegazi ophilile ovela emzimbeni wakho (ngokuvamile umthambo ovela emlenzeni wakho) noma i-graft. Lokhu kuxhunywe ngaphezulu nangaphansi kwendawo evinjiwe, okudala indlela entsha yokugeleza kwegazi.
Ubani ngempela odinga lokhu kuhlinzwa?
Lokhu kuhlinzwa akulona olwawo wonke umuntu one-PAD. Udokotela wakho uzoqala azame imithi, izinguquko zendlela yokuphila (njengokuyeka ukubhema, ukuzivocavoca, kanye nokudla okunempilo), kanye nezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezihilela ukusikwa okuncane (njenge-angioplasty noma i-stenting).
Lokhu kuhlinzwa kuvame ukunconywa kulabo abangazange babe nemiphumela ephumelelayo kunoma iyiphi yalezi zindlela futhi abaye bavimba kakhulu ingxenye enkulu yomthambo wabo wegazi.
Kunezizathu eziningana eziyinhloko zokucabangela lokhu kuhlinzwa.
| Isibonakaliso | Kusho ukuthini lokhu? |
|---|---|
| Ubuhlungu bomlenze lapho uhamba noma ebusuku | Lobuhlungu buvela lapho imisipha incishwa umoya-mpilo ngenxa yokuncipha kokugeleza kwegazi. Uma ubuhlungu bukhulu kangangokuthi awukwazi ukulala ebusuku, kuyisimo esibi kakhulu. |
| Amanxeba angapholi emilenzeni | Ngenxa yokujikeleza kwegazi okungekuhle, amanxeba awatholi izakhamzimba azidingayo ukuze aphulukiswe. Ngisho nokuklwebheka okuncane kungaphenduka isilonda esikhulu. |
| Ukufa kwezicubu (i-Gangrene) | Lesi yisigaba esinzima kakhulu. Lapho igazi eliya emlenzeni selicishe linqamuke ngokuphelele, izinzwane noma izingxenye zonyawo ziba mnyama bese ziqala ukufa. Uma ukuhlinzwa kungenziwanga kulesi sigaba, umlenze kungadingeka unqunywe. |
Yini okufanele uyenze ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa?
Uma udokotela enquma ukwenza lokhu kuhlinzwa kuwe, uzokwenza izivivinyo eziningana ukuze ahlole impilo yakho iyonke.
- I-Electrocardiogram (EKG): Buka umsebenzi kagesi wenhliziyo.
- I-Ultrasound Scan: Bona ngqo ukuthi imithambo yegazi ivinjiwe kuphi nokuthi inzima kangakanani.
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Hlola izinto ezifana noshukela egazini, i-cholesterol, kanye nokusebenza kwezinso.
- Ukuhlolwa kokucindezeleka: Lokhu kuhlolwa ngezinye izikhathi kwenziwa ukuze kubonwe ukuthi inhliziyo isebenza kanjani ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uma ubhema, kufanele uyeke ukubhema ngokuphelele amasonto ambalwa ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa kwakho. Ukubhema kuvimbela imithambo yegazi yakho futhi kwandisa ingozi yezinkinga ngemva kokuhlinzwa. Kuzodingeka futhi ugweme ukudla noma ukuphuza ngemva kwamabili ebusuku ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa kwakho futhi uyeke ukuthatha noma yimiphi imithi udokotela wakho akutshele ukuthi uyeke.
Ukuhlinzwa kwenziwa kanjani?
Uzonikezwa i-anesthesia ejwayelekile (ukulahlekelwa ngokuphelele kwengqondo) ukuze ungezwa ubuhlungu ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa. Ngemuva kwalokho, udokotela ohlinzayo uzokwenza imivimbo engu-4-8 intshi ubude ngaphezu nangaphansi komthambo wegazi ovalekile. Uma kusetshenziswa umthambo ophilile emlenzeni wakho ukudala i-bypass, kuzokwenziwa i-incision ehlukile ngalokho futhi.
I-graft ibe isithungwa ngokucophelela emithanjeni yegazi enempilo ngaphezulu nangaphansi kokuvaleka. Uma sekuvele igazi elisha, ukusikwa kuvalwa ngezitishi noma ama-staple. Yonke inqubo ingathatha amahora amabili kuya kwayisithupha, kuye ngokuthi ukuhlinzwa kuyinkimbinkimbi kangakanani.
Kwenzekani ngemva kokuhlinzwa?
Ngemva kokuhlinzwa, kuzodingeka uhlale esibhedlela cishe izinsuku ezi-2-5. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, odokotela nabahlengikazi bazohlola njalo ukushaya kwenhliziyo yakho, umfutho wegazi kanye nomkhuhlane. Okubaluleke kakhulu, bazohlola njalo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi igazi ligeleza kahle emlenzeni ohlinzwe. Bazokunikeza imithi yezinhlungu.
Ngemva kokubuyela ekhaya, udokotela uzokubhalela imithi eminingana ukuze uqhubeke uyisebenzisa.
- Imithi yohlobo lwe -statin (ukwehlisa i-cholesterol).
- Imithi efana ne -Aspirin noma i-Clopidogrel (ukuvimbela amahlule egazi ekufakweni okusha).
Kuvamile ukulahlekelwa yisifiso sokudla, ubuhlungu noma ukuba ndikindiki ezindaweni zokusikwa, ukuvuvukala emilenzeni, kanye nobuhlungu bemisipha lapho uhamba emasontweni ambalwa okuqala ngemva kokubuyela ekhaya. Lokhu kuzoncipha kancane kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kungathatha cishe amasonto ayi-6-8 ukuphola ngokugcwele.
Yiziphi izinzuzo nezingozi zalokhu kuhlinzwa?
Njenganoma yikuphi ukuhlinzwa okukhulu, lokhu kunezinzuzo kanye nezingozi ezithile.
| Izinzuzo | Izingozi/Izinkinga |
|---|---|
| Ukuqeda ubuhlungu obukhulu emilenzeni obungazange buqedwe ngezinye izindlela zokwelapha. | Amahlule egazi. |
| Amanxeba angapholi aqala ukuphola. | Ukutheleleka emanxebeni. |
| Susa ingozi yokulahlekelwa umlenze ngenxa yesifo esibangela ukubola. | Ukopha ngokweqile. |
| Imiphumela ehlala isikhathi eside (60%-85% yezimila ezifakwayo zisasebenza kahle ngisho nangemva kweminyaka emi-5). | Ukulimala kwemizwa endaweni yokuhlinzwa. |
| Ikhwalithi yokuphila ethuthukisiwe kanye nekhono lokuhamba. | Ingozi encane yokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo (cishe u-3% wokuhlinzwa). |
Iningi labantu alibi nezinkinga ezinkulu. Kodwa-ke, abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engu-70 kanye nalabo abanezinye izimo zezokwelapha, njengesifo sikashukela noma isifo sezinso, basengozini enkulu kancane yezinkinga. Ngezinye izikhathi, ngisho ne-graft esanda kwenziwa ingavinjelwa ngemva kweminyaka eminingi. Uma lokho kwenzeka, ukwelashwa kungadingeka kuphindwe.
Ngemva kokubuyela ekhaya, uma uba nomkhuhlane, uzizwa ubanda, uphuma uketshezi olufana nobovu endaweni yokuhlinzwa, noma uma kukhona ushintsho oluzumayo embala, esimweni, noma emuzweni womlenze wakho, bona udokotela wakho ngokushesha noma uye eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo wesibhedlela (ETU) ngokushesha.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ukuhlinzwa kwe-Peripheral Artery Bypass kuwukuhlinzwa okukhulu okwenziwa kubantu abanemithambo yegazi evalekile kakhulu emilenzeni yabo abangasabelanga kwezinye izindlela zokwelapha.
- Uma ubhema, kubalulekile ukuyeka ngokuphelele ngaphambi nangemva kokuhlinzwa ukuze uphumelele.
- Phuza imithi udokotela wakho ayinikeza ngesikhathi. Ungakhohlwa ukuphuza imithi yakho yokunciphisa igazi, ikakhulukazi.
- Ungaphuthelwa yinoma yiziphi izikhathi zokubonana nodokotela ngemuva kokuhlinzwa. Udokotela wakho kufanele ahlole njalo ukujikeleza kwegazi emilenzeni yakho.
- Uma ubona umkhuhlane, ukuphuma kwamanzi emlenzeni, noma ushintsho olusheshayo emlenzeni wakho, funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha.
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