Sonke siyazi ukuthi izinso ziyizihlungi emzimbeni wethu. Njengesihlungi samafutha emotweni, lezi zinso ezimbili zenza umsebenzi omuhle wokuhlanza igazi lethu nokususa imfucuza engadingekile njengomchamo. Kodwa uke wezwa ngamaqhawe amancane angemuva kwalo msebenzi omkhulu, lawo ongakwazi nokuwabona? Lawo maqhawe yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi 'ama-Peritubular Capillaries'. Nakuba igama lingase lizwakale liyinkimbinkimbi kancane, umsebenzi abawenzayo ulula kakhulu futhi ubalulekile. Namuhla, ake sixoxe ngalesi simiso esincane semithambo yegazi.
Kalula nje, ziyini lezi zinhlayiya ze-peritubular?
Kulungile, ake sichaze leli gama.
- I-Peri isho ukuthi "eduze".
- I-Tubular isho "iziteshi ezincane".
- Ama-capillary yimithambo yegazi emihle kakhulu emzimbeni wethu.
Ngakho-ke, ukusho kalula nje, ama-capillary ase-peritubular ayinethiwekhi yemithambo yegazi emincane kakhulu ezungeza imigudu emincane ngaphakathi kwezinso zethu. Cabanga ukuthi izinso ziyidolobha elikhulu. Kunezindlu ezincane ezingaba yisigidi kulowo muzi. Lezi zindlu sizibiza ngokuthi ama-nephron . La ma-nephron angamayunithi ahlunga futhi ahlanze igazi. Ngakho-ke, inethiwekhi yemigwaqo emincane ezungeza ngayinye yalezi zindlu (ezungeza imigudu ye-nephron) ibizwa ngokuthi ama-capillary ase-peritubular. Kungale mizila lapho izimpahla ezidingekayo (ukudla okunempilo) zilethwa khona ezindlini futhi udoti (imfucuza) eqongelela ezindlini uyasuswa.
Yiziphi izinto ezimbili eziyinhloko ezenzeka kulesi simiso esincane semithambo yegazi?
Le nethiwekhi yemithambo yegazi emincane ifana nomgcini-zincwadi ohlakaniphile. Ikhetha futhi ihlukanise ngokucophelela lokho umzimba okudingayo nalokho ongakudingi. Lo msebenzi ungahlukaniswa izingxenye ezimbili eziyinhloko.
1. Ukukhishelwa: Ngemva kwenqubo yokuqala yokuhlunga ezinso, noma yimiphi imfucuza esele egazini ikhishwa kule mithambo iye emapayipini ezinso. Le mfucuza ibe isikhishwa emchameni.
2. Ukumuncwa kabusha kwezakhamzimba: Lapho izinso zihlunga igazi, ngezinye izikhathi ezinye zezinto ezinhle ezidingwa ngumzimba nazo ziyahlungwa. Cabanga ngakho njengokuthi uma uhlunga inkomishi yetiye, ushukela othile ubanjwa esihlungini kanye namaqabunga etiye. Ngezikhathi ezinjalo, la ma-capillary angaphakathi ayazibona lezo zakhamzimba bese ezimunca kabusha egazini.
Ake sibheke leli thebula ukuze sibone ukuthi lezi zinqubo ezimbili zibaluleke kangakanani.
| Izinto ezisuswa emzimbeni (imfucuza) | Izinto eziphinde zimuncwe emzimbeni (izakhamzimba) |
|---|---|
| I-Urea: Umkhiqizo wemfucuza we-nitrogen owakheka ngesikhathi sokuqhekeka kwamaprotheni. | Ama-amino acid: Ama-block amaprotheni. Abalulekile ekukhuleni komzimba. |
| I-Creatinine: Umkhiqizo ongcolile okhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwemisipha. | I-glucose: Uhlobo oluyinhloko lukashukela olunikeza amandla emizimbeni yethu. |
| Ama-Acid Angaphezulu: Ama-Acid angaphezulu ayasuswa ukuze kulinganiswe i-pH yomzimba. | Amaminerali: Amaminerali afana ne-sodium ne-potassium abalulekile emzimbeni. |
| Amanzi amaningi: Alawula inani lamanzi emzimbeni. | Amavithamini: Amavithamini adingwa ngumzimba. |
Kalula nje, ngaphandle kwalezi zinhlayiya ze-peritubular, izakhamzimba eziningi ezidingwa ngumzimba wethu beziyolahleka emchameni, futhi imfucuza eyingozi emzimbeni ibiyoqongelela egazini.
Kwenzekani uma la ma-capillary onakele?
Yilapho-ke okudingeka sikhathazeke kakhulu khona. Lapho le mithambo yegazi ebucayi iqala ukonakala, ayikwazi ukwenza umsebenzi wayo kahle. Lesi simo sisibiza ngokuthi i-peritubular capillary rarefaction . Lokhu kusho ukuthi ubuningi bale mithambo buyancipha, iba mncane, bese iyabhujiswa.
Into eyingozi kakhulu ngalokhu ukuthi uma lezi ziteshi zonakele, azinawo amathuba amaningi okuthi ziphinde zilulame.
Lo monakalo ungaholela ezimweni ezimbili eziyinhloko zezokwelapha:
1. Isifo Sezinso Esingapheli (CKD):Uma ama-capillary ehluleka, inqubo yokuhlunga kwezinso iyaphazamiseka kancane kancane. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lokhu kungaqhubekela phambili ekubeni yisifo sezinso esingamahlalakhona, ekugcineni kuholele ekuhlulekeni kwezinso.
2. Umfutho wegazi ophakeme: Izinso zilawula inani likasawoti namanzi emzimbeni. Uma la ma-capillary onakele, lokhu kulawulwa kuyalahleka. Ngenxa yalokho, umfutho wegazi uqala ukukhuphuka. Futhi, umfutho wegazi ophakeme uyalimaza la ma-capillary. Kufana nomjikelezo omubi.
Yiziphi izimbangela ezingaba khona zomonakalo kula ma-capillary?
- Isifo sikashukela
- Umfutho wegazi ophezulu ongalawulwa
- Ukutheleleka kwezinso
- Izifo ze-glomerular (izifo ezithinta amayunithi okuhlunga ezinso)
- Ukuvinjelwa komchamo
Yiziphi izimpawu ezibonisa inkinga yezinso?
Isifo sezinso ngokuvamile asibonisi zimpawu ezinkulu ezigabeni zokuqala. Kodwa uma unaka umzimba wakho, ungazibona ezinye zezimpawu. Uma unesinye noma ngaphezulu salezi zimpawu, kubalulekile ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha .
- Ubuhlungu besifuba kuzo zombili izinhlangothi zomzimba, ngaphansi kwezimbambo.
- Umkhuhlane oza ngaphandle kwesizathu.
- Isicanucanu nokuhlanza.
- Ukukhathala ngokweqile emzimbeni.
- Izinguquko endleleni yokuchama:
- Ukuchama kaningi kunokujwayelekile.
- Ubunzima bokuchama.
- Igazi emchameni (i-hematuria) .
- Ukushisa noma ubuhlungu ngesikhathi sokuchama (i-dysuria) .
- Ukushintsha kombala womchamo (ukuphenduka onsundu omnyama).
- Ukuvuvukala (i-edema), ikakhulukazi emilenzeni, endaweni yeqakala.
- Ukutheleleka okuphindaphindiwe kwendlela yomchamo (UTIs).
Uma unalezi zimpawu, ungalindi nje unethemba lokuthi, "Lokhu kuzophela ezinsukwini ezimbalwa." Qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela wakho futhi wenze izivivinyo ezidingekayo.
Yiziphi izivivinyo ezihlola impilo yezinso?
Kuye ngezimpawu zakho, udokotela wakho angase ancome ukuhlolwa okuningana okufana nalokhu.
1. Ukuhlolwa Kokusebenza Kwezinso:
- Ukuhlolwa komchamo: Umchamo uhlolwa izinto ezifana neprotheni, igazi, noshukela.
- Ukuhlolwa Kwegazi:Amazinga emikhiqizo yemfucuza ebizwa ngokuthi i-`BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen)` kanye ne-`Creatinine` egazini ayalinganiswa. Uma lokhu kuphakeme, kusho ukuthi izinso azihlungi kahle imikhiqizo yemfucuza. Ukuhlolwa okubizwa ngokuthi i-`eGFR (estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate)` kunganikeza nombono omuhle wezinga lokuhlunga lezinso.
2. Ukuhlolwa Kwezithombe:
- I-Ultrasound Yezinso: Lokhu kungahlola usayizi, ukuma, kanye nokuba khona kwamatshe noma ezinye izithiyo ezinso.
- I-CT Scan noma i-MRI Scan: Lokhu kusetshenziswa uma udinga ukuhlola izinso ngokuningiliziwe.
Sivikela kanjani lolu hlelo oluyigugu lwe-capillary?
Akukho lutho olukhethekile ongalwenza ngala ma-capillary angaphakathi. Okudingeka sikwenze nje ukugcina izinso zethu ziphilile. Uma izinso ziphilile, lolu hlelo lwemithambo yegazi encane nalo luphilile. Yenza lezi zinto ezilula zibe umkhuba.
- Phuza amanzi ahlanzekile anele usuku lonke. Ukuphuza amanzi kwenza kube lula ngezinso ukuhlunga nokususa imfucuza.
- Yidla ukudla okunempilo. Nciphisa ukudla okunosawoti omningi, ushukela namafutha amaningi ngangokunokwenzeka. Yidla izithelo nemifino eminingi.
- Lawula isifo sikashukela kanye nomfutho wegazi ophezulu. Uma unalezi zimo, thatha imithi udokotela wakho ayinikeza ngesikhathi. Hlola njalo.
- Gcina isisindo esinempilo emzimbeni wakho. Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile kubeka ingcindezi eyengeziwe ezinso.
- Gwema ukubhema ngokuphelele. Ukubhema kuyimbangela enkulu yokulimala kwemithambo yegazi. Lokhu kuthinta ngqo ama-capillary angaphakathi.
- Ungaqhubeki nokusebenzisa imithi efana nemithi yokwelapha izinhlungu ngaphandle kweseluleko sikadokotela. Ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kwemithi yokwelapha izinhlungu kuyingozi ezinso. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokusebenzisa noma yimuphi umuthi.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ama-capillary ase-peritubular ayisimiso esibalulekile nesibucayi semithambo yegazi ezinso esiza ekususeni imfucuza futhi siphinde simunce izakhamzimba.
- Ukulimala kwalezi ziteshi kungaba imbangela enkulu yesifo sezinso esingamahlalakhona (CKD) kanye nomfutho wegazi ophakeme.
- Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuvikela lezi ziteshi ukugcina izinso zakho ziphilile.
- Ukuphuza amanzi amaningi, ukudla ukudla okunempilo, ukulawula isifo sikashukela/umfutho wegazi, ukugcina isisindo esinempilo, nokugwema ukubhema konke kubalulekile empilweni yezinso.
- Uma unezimpawu ezifana nokuvuvukala kwemilenze, izinguquko emchameni wakho, noma ubuhlungu bomhlane, ungazinaki futhi ubone udokotela wakho ngokushesha.
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