Ingabe nawe uyayibona into engavamile endleleni izinto ezibukeka ngayo? Mhlawumbe lokhu kuyi-Posterior Cortical Atrophy (PCA)!

Wake wabhekana nalezi zinto? Uma ufunda iphephandaba, izincwadi zibonakala zixakile, noma uma ubona umuntu omazi kahle, ungazelele ungamboni. Noma uhlala ushayisa iminyango, amatafula, nezihlalo ekhaya? Uma ubona kahle, kodwa uzizwa into engavamile ngendlela izinto ezibukeka ngayo, futhi uma uzizwa wesaba kancane noma ukhathazekile ngesikhathi esifanayo, kubalulekile ukuthi uqaphele lesi simo esikhuluma ngaso namuhla esibizwa ngokuthi `(Posterior Cortical Atrophy)`.

Kuyini i-Posterior Cortical Atrophy (PCA)?

Kalula nje, `(Posterior Cortical Atrophy)` noma `(PCA)` kuyisifo esiqhubekayo, futhi esingajwayelekile, esihlobene nobuchopho bethu. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi `(neurodegenerative disorder).` Okwenzekayo lapha ukuthi amangqamuzana obuchopho, ` (ama-neurons)` ku-posterior cortex yobuchopho bethu, okungukuthi, `(posterior cerebral cortex)` ikakhulukazi engxenyeni esisiza ukuqonda nokuhlaziya lokho esikubonayo, ayabhujiswa kancane kancane. Le ngxenye yobuchopho ihlanganisa `(ama-parietal lobes)` kanye `(ama-occipital lobes)` ethu. Ngenxa yokubhujiswa kwala maseli, leyo ngxenye yobuchopho iyancipha kancane kancane. Siphinde sikubize ngokuthi `(atrophy) .`

Into ebalulekile ukuthi, lokhu akusikho ukukhubazeka kokubona emehlweni. Kuyinkinga enqubweni yalokho amehlo akubonayo kuya ebuchosheni, kanye nobuchopho obukuqonda ngokuthi 'yilokhu engikubonile'. Kufana nokuthatha isithombe ngekhamera enhle, kodwa uma iprosesa yekhompyutha ebuka leso sithombe ingasebenzi kahle, isithombe asibukeki kahle.

Ziyini izimpawu zalokhu?

Lezi zimpawu zivame ukuqala phakathi kweminyaka engama-50 nengama-60. Izinkinga zokubona kwasekuqaleni yizona ezivame kakhulu. Ake sibheke ukuthi ziyini.

1. Ubunzima bokufunda:

Zicabange ufunda iphephandaba noma incwadi efana nale. Khona-ke ngokuzumayo ungase uzizwe sengathi izinhlamvu zihamba enye ngaphezu kwenye, imigqa iyagxumagxuma iya phambili naphambili . Abanye abantu banomuzwa wokuthi amagama nezinhlamvu kunamathelene futhi kuhlangene. Abanye bathi, 'O dokotela, uma ngizama ukufunda, kuzwakala sengathi izinhlamvu ziyashelela ekhasini.' Lokhu kwenza kube nzima ukuqonda lokho okufundayo, futhi awukwazi ukuqhubeka nokufunda.

2. Ukungakwazi ukubona ibanga:

Lokhu futhi kuyinkinga efika engqondweni yabantu abaningi. Isibonelo, bangase besabe ukukhuphuka noma ukwehla izitebhisi ngoba abazi kahle ukuthi izitebhisi ziqhelelene kangakanani. Noma, uma bema eceleni komgwaqo, abakwazi ukubona ibanga eliphakathi kwamathayi nomgwaqo. Abanye abantu besaba futhi ukukhuphuka i-escalator ngoba abakwazi ukwazi ukuthi bazonyathela nini futhi kuphi.

3. Ubunzima bokuqonda iziqondiso:

Ngisho noma utshelwa indlela elula efana nokuthi 'jika kwesokudla' noma 'hamba kwesobunxele', kungaba nzima ukuyiqonda nokwenza ngayo. Ngokungazelelwe uzizwa sengathi awusakhumbuli ukuthi yikuphi okulungile nokuthi yikuphi okungakwesokunxele .

4. Ukungakwazi ukubona ubuso, izinto, kanye nezindawo:

Lokhu kungase kubonakale kungathi sína, kodwa kungenzeka ekuqaleni. Ngisho noma ubona umuntu omazi kahle, awukwazi ukuthola ngokushesha ukuthi, 'Oh... ubani lo?' Ngezinye izikhathi kuthatha isikhathi ukuqaphela into oyaziyo, noma ngabe kuyinto osunayo kakade ekhaya. Ngezinye izikhathi, ngisho nendawo okuyo ingazizwa ingajwayelekile ngokuzumayo.

5. Ukushayisa iminyango nefenisha:

Ngisho noma ubona kahle, ungase uzithole ulokhu ushayisana nezinto ezifana neminyango, amatafula nezihlalo eziphambi kwakho ngoba awukwazi ukuthola ukuthi zikuphi ngempela. Ungase uzibuze, 'Kungani ngishayisana nazo zonke izinto?'

6. Ubunzima bokusebenza ngezinombolo:

Cabanga ukuthi inombolo yocingo yomngane wakho omkhulu uyibambe ngekhanda. Kodwa uma uthatha ifoni bese uzama ukuyishaya, awukwazi ukuthola izinombolo efonini. Ungazibona izinombolo, kodwa ubuchopho bakho abukwazi ukuziqonda.

7. Ubunzima bokusebenzisa izinto zikagesi kanye nezinkinobho:

Ngisho noma 'ungabona' indawo lapho inkinobho 'yokuvula/ukuvala' isetshenziswa khona endlini njenge-blender noma i-rice cooker, kungaba nzima ukuyisebenzisa ngoba ubuchopho bakho abukwazi ukuthola ukuthi ikuphi ngempela.

8. Ukukhathazeka ngaphandle kwesizathu:

Kanye nalezi zinto, abantu abane-PCA bangase babe nomuzwa wokukhathazeka nokukhathazeka ongachazeki kusukela besebancane. Abanye abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi lesi simo sithinta amanethiwekhi obuchopho axhumanisa izinzwa zethu, imizwa, nemicabango, okubangela lokhu kukhathazeka. Enye inkolelo-mbono ukuthi abantu bazizwa bekhathazekile ngoba bezwa ukuthi kukhona okungahambi kahle kodwa abakwazi ukukubeka ngamazwi. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kukhathazeka okungavamile nakho kuyimpawu odokotela abayicabangelayo lapho bexilonga i-PCA.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingabangelwa yilokhu?

Ngenxa yokuthi i-PCA iyisifo esiqhubekayo, izimpawu zokuqala zingase zibe zimbi kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, futhi izimpawu ezintsha zingase zivele. Nazi ezinye zezinkinga ezinkulu ezingase zivele:

• Ubumpumputhe obusebenzayo: Ngisho noma amehlo ephilile, ubuchopho abukwazi ukuhumusha okubonwayo, okwenza kube sengathi umuntu uyimpumputhe.
• Ukucindezeleka nokukhathazeka: Ukucindezeleka kwengqondo kungenzeka kanye nokugula, futhi izimo ezifana nokucindezeleka nokukhathazeka zinganda.
• Ukwanda kwengozi yokuwa: Lesi simo singathinta nokulinganisela komzimba, okwenza kube lula ukuwa njalo.
• Ukwanda kwezingozi ekhaya: Isibonelo, izingozi ezifana nokufinyelela iphaneli yokulawula yesitofu nokushisa isandla sakho ngokuthinta ingxenye eshisayo yesitofu zingenzeka ngoba ubuchopho abuqondi ukuthi yini ngempela okubonayo.

Yini ebangela lokhu?

Imbangela eyinhloko ye-PCA ukuba khona kwezinye izifo eziwohlokayo zemizwa ezithinta ubuchopho. Abantu abane-PCA bavame ukuba nesifo i-Alzheimer's noma i-Lewy body dementia.Kukhona esinye sezifo esibizwa ngokuthi. Lezi yizimbangela ezivame kakhulu.

Kodwa-ke, akuvamile kakhulu, ezinye izimo zezokwelapha nazo zingabangela i-PCA. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• `(Isifo sikaCreutzfeldt-Jakob)`
• `(Ukuwohloka kwe-corticobasal)`

Ingabe i-PCA iyingxenye yesifo i-Alzheimer's?

Yebo, i-PCA empeleni ingabhekwa njengohlobo lwesifo i-Alzheimer's . Uma sicabanga ngesifo i-Alzheimer's, sivame ukucabanga ngezinkinga zenkumbulo kuqala. Kodwa-ke, ezigabeni zokuqala zesifo i-Alzheimer's, ezinye izingxenye zobuchopho ezingahlobene nenkumbulo nazo zingathinteka. Odokotela babiza lezi zimo ngokuthi uhlobo olungavamile lwesifo i-Alzheimer's. I-Posterior Cortical Atrophy ingenye uhlobo olungavamile lwesifo i-Alzheimer's.

Lesi sifo sitholakala kanjani?

Odokotela benza izivivinyo eziningana ukuze baxilonge i-PCA ngokunembile, njengoba lezi zimpawu zingabangelwa ezinye izimbangela, futhi kudingeka zikhishwe.

• Ukuskena kobuchopho (i-MRI - i-magnetic resonance imaging): Lokhu kungahlola ukuwohloka kwe-cortex yobuchopho engemuva.
• Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo: Lokhu kubalulekile ukuze kutholakale ukuthi lezi zinkinga zokubona zibangelwa yini esinye isimo samehlo.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-neurological: Lokhu kuhlola ukuthi uhlelo lwezinzwa lusebenza kanjani.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-neuropsychological: Lokhu kuhlola imisebenzi ehlukahlukene yobuchopho njengenkumbulo, ukunaka, ikhono lolimi, kanye nokuqonda okubonakalayo.
• `(I-PET scan - i-positron emission tomography scan)`: Lokhu kungasetshenziswa futhi ukubona ukuthi kukhona yini izinguquko ekusebenzeni kobuchopho kanye nesifo i-Alzheimer's.
• Ukubhoboza i-Lumbar / ukuthepha komgogodla: Lokhu kuhlola uketshezi olusebuchosheni nasemgogodleni ukuthola amaprotheni ahlobene nesifo i-Alzheimer's.

Iyini indlela yokwelapha lokhu?

Uma ngikhuluma iqiniso, alikho ikhambi le-PCA okwamanje. Kodwa ungakhathazeki. Kunezinto ongazenza ukuze ulawule izimpawu, wehlise ijubane lokuqhubeka kwesifo, futhi wenze impilo yakho ibe lula.

Odokotela baqale bathole imbangela eyisisekelo yalesi simo, njengesifo i-Alzheimer's noma i-Lewy body dementia. Bese belapha lesi simo esiyisisekelo. Kunemithi evunyelwe yi-US Food and Drug Administration ukusiza ekunciphiseni ukuqhubeka kwalesi sifo.

Iphinde ibhekisele ezinhlelweni nasezinsizeni ezahlukahlukene ezisiza abantu ukuba baphile nezimpawu.

• Imithi:
• `(Donepezil)` (Donepezil)
• `(Rivastigmine)` (Rivastigmine)
• `(Galantamine)` (Galantamine)
• `(Lecanemab)` (Lecanemab)

Lena imithi evame ukunikezwa isifo i-Alzheimer's.

Uma unezimo ezifana nokukhathazeka noma ukucindezeleka, unganikezwa nemithi (imithi yokulwa nokukhathazeka, imithi yokucindezeleka) yalezo zimo.

• Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha kanye nezinsizakalo:
• Ukuvuselelwa kwengqondo: Ungafunda izivivinyo namasu asiza ekuthuthukiseni izinto ezifana nenkumbulo nokunaka.
• Ukwelashwa Komsebenzi: Lokhu kukusiza ukuthi ufunde amasu okubhekana nezimo futhi uvumelanise indawo yakho ukuze ukwazi ukwenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke wedwa.
• Ukwelashwa ngokomzimba: Lokhu kunikeza izivivinyo ezisiza ngezinto ezifana nokulinganisela nokuhamba.
• Ukwelulekwa ngempilo yengqondo: Ukwelulekwa kubaluleke kakhulu ekuphatheni ukucindezeleka nokukhathazeka okuhambisana nalesi simo.

Yini ongayilindela uma othandekayo wakho ene-PCA?

I-PCA yisimo esiba sibi kancane kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngakho-ke, ungalindela ukuthi izimpawu zomuntu omthandayo zibi kakhulu kancane kancane. Ekugcineni, zingase zibe nezimpawu ezifana kakhulu nezomuntu onesifo i-Alzheimer's esithuthukile. Nakuba lokhu kuyadabukisa ukwazi, sidinga ukulungela ukubhekana naso.

Iyini isikhathi sokuphila somuntu one-PCA?

Isikhathi sokuphila somuntu one-PCA ngokuvamile sifana kakhulu nesomuntu onesifo i-Alzheimer's. Ngemva kokuqala kwezimpawu zokuqala ze-Alzheimer's, abantu abaningi baphila iminyaka engaba yi-10 kuya kweyi-12 .

Nokho, kubalulekile ukukhumbula lokhu: Lesi yisiqondiso nje esijwayelekile. Kungahluka kumuntu nomuntu. Isimo sakho singase sihluke. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukubuza udokotela wakho ngalokhu.

Ngimnakekela kanjani othandekayo wami nge-PCA?

Uma othandekayo wakho ene-PCA, ukumnakekela kungumthwalo wemfanelo omkhulu, futhi kudinga uthando olukhulu. Into ebaluleke kakhulu okufanele uyenze kuqala ukuzama ukuqonda ukuthi ubona kanjani umhlaba.

Cabanga nje, ushayisa itafula. Akukhona ukuthi 'akaliboni' itafula. Kungenxa yokuthi amehlo akhe athumela isignali ebuchosheni bakhe yokuthi itafula likhona, kodwa ubuchopho abuqondi kahle futhi buphendula ngokuthi, 'Kukhona itafula laphaya, udinga ukuvula indlela.'

Ezikhathini ezinjengalezi, ikhambi elilodwa ukugcina izindlela eziphakathi kwamakamelo zicacile. Ungasusa izinto ezingadingekile futhi unciphise amathuba okuba zikhubeke. Lesi yisiphakamiso esisodwa nje. Ithimba lezokwelapha elinakekela othandekayo wakho lizokunikeza ezinye iziphakamiso eziningi zokubasiza bahlale bephephile ekhaya nakwezinye izindawo, nokubasiza benze imisebenzi yabo ngokuzimela .

• Bekezela: Kungabathatha isikhathi eside ukuqonda izinto nokwenza izinto.
• Khuluma ngokucacile, kalula:Esikhundleni sokusho izinto eziningi kakhulu ngesikhathi esisodwa, sho into eyodwa kalula.
• Dala indawo ephephile: Nciphisa izindawo ezishelelayo nezinamaqhubu. Gcina izibani zikhanya ebusuku.
• Qonda imizwa yabo: Lokhu kunzima nakubo. Qonda ukudabuka nentukuthelo yabo.
• Zinakekele nawe: Uma unakekela othandekayo wakho, kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina impilo yakho yengqondo neyomzimba.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Izimpawu ze-PCA zivame ukuba zimbi kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Uma unalesi simo, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngalokho ongakulindela ezinyangeni naseminyakeni ezayo.

Futhi, buza nganoma yiziphi izimpawu ezingase zibonise ukuthi isimo sakho siya siba sibi kakhulu, nokuthi kufanele yini uxhumane nodokotela wakho uma ubona noma yiziphi. Uma uthola uphawu olusha noma uma uphawu olukhona luba lubi ngokuzumayo, funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela wami?

Ngenxa yokuthi i-PCA iyisimo esingavamile, ungase ube nemibuzo eminingi ngaso. Ungesabi ukubuza udokotela wakho ngakho konke. Isibonelo:

• 'Dokotela, wazi kanjani ukuthi ngine-`(Posterior Cortical Atrophy)`?'
• 'Yini ebangela lolu shintsho ekusebenzeni kobuchopho bami?'
• 'Ngingenzani ngezimpawu zami zamanje?'
• 'Ingabe ukhona umuthi onganciphisa lezi zimpawu?'
• 'Lesi simo sizoyithinta kanjani impilo yami yansuku zonke?'
• 'Yiziphi izinguquko okufanele ngizilindele ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ezizayo, eminyakeni?'
• 'Iyiphi indlela engcono kakhulu yokuhlela ikusasa?'

Yimuphi umyalezo esifuna ukuwuthatha ekhaya kule ndaba?

I-Posterior Cortical Atrophy (PCA) yisimo esingaba nzima ukubhekana naso futhi esingaba nomthelela omkhulu empilweni yakho. Ngenxa yezinguquko endleleni ubuchopho bakho obucubungula ngayo lokho okubonayo, kungenza kube nzima ukwenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke, njengokufunda, ukusebenza ngezinombolo, kanye nokwahlulela ibanga. Lokhu kungabangela ukukhathazeka okukhulu nokwesaba. Ungase uzizwe sengathi ngeke ukwazi ukwenza umsebenzi wakho wedwa.

Nakuba kungekho ukwelashwa kwalesi simo, akudingeki ubhekane naso wedwa. Kunezinto eziningi ongazenza ukusiza ukuphatha izimpawu zakho, ukuzivumelanisa nale ndlela entsha yokuphila, nokuphila ngokuzimela isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka. Uma une-PCA, khuluma nethimba lakho lezempilo ngakho. Bazokujabulela kakhulu ukukusiza futhi bakunikeze izinsiza ozidingayo. Ngokusekelwa nesikhuthazo osidingayo, ungenza lolu hambo.

Ukuwohloka Kwe - Cortical Yangemuva, i-PCA, Isifo Sobuchopho, Izinkinga Zokubona, i-Alzheimer's, i-Dementia, Isifo Sezinzwa