Uke wezwa ngesifo esithinta izingxenye ezimhlophe zobuchopho bakho (i-White Matter Disease)? Ake sixoxe ngaso!

Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi uzizwa sengathi inkumbulo yakho iya ngokuya iba yimbi njengoba ukhula? Noma uzizwa sengathi unebhalansi encane uma uhamba noma wenza izinto? Lezi kungaba izinto ezivamile ezihambisana nokuguga. Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi kungase kube nesizathu salezi zimpawu okufanele uziqaphele kakhudlwana. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngesimo esithinta indaba emhlophe yobuchopho bethu.

Yisiphi lesi sifo esithinta izingxenye ezimhlophe zobuchopho (i-White Matter Disease)?

Kalula nje, igama elivamile lomonakalo kanye nezinguquko ku-white matter ebuchosheni bethu. Cabanga ngale white matter njengenethiwekhi "yemigwaqo emikhulu" exhumanisa izingxenye ezahlukene zobuchopho bethu, kanye nobuchopho kanye nomgogodla. Izinkinga ziqala lapho le "migwaqo emikhulu" yonakala.

Lesi simo ngezinye izikhathi sibizwa ngokuthi isifo semithambo emincane yobuchopho noma isifo semithambo emincane . Singenzeka ngokuguga kanye nezinguquko emithanjeni yegazi entweni emhlophe yobuchopho. Singaba mnene, silinganisele, noma sibe sibi kakhulu .

Uma into yakho emhlophe yonakele, iba yinxeba lento emhlophe . Odokotela bangabona lokhu njengamabala akhanyayo ekuskeni kwe-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) yobuchopho. Ngezinye izikhathi lezi zilonda zingase zingabangeli izimpawu ezinkulu, futhi "kuvamile" ukuba nezinye zazo njengoba sikhula. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izilonda zingalimaza "imigwaqo emikhulu" ebalulekile ebuchosheni, okubangela izinkinga ngenkumbulo, ibhalansi, nokuhamba .

Ngokuvamile, abantu abanezilonda eziningi ze-white matter (okungukuthi, isifo se-white matter esiningi) bavame ukuba nezimpawu eziningi .

Lesi sifo se-white matter sihlotshaniswa kakhulu nezici eziyingozi zesifo senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi . Abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi siyi -biomarker ekhombisa ingozi yokushaywa unhlangothi, i-dementia, kanye nokukhubazeka impilo yonke.

Iyini ngempela le nto emhlophe?

I-White matter iyinethiwekhi enkulu yemicu yezinzwa (ama-axon) ebuchosheni bethu. Yilapho ulwazi lushintshaniswa khona futhi ukuxhumana kwenzeka phakathi kwezingxenye ezahlukene zobuchopho. Ibizwa ngokuthi "i-white matter" ngoba le micu yezinzwa izungezwe yisivikelo esibizwa ngokuthi i-myelin . Kungenxa yaleyo myelin ukuthi lesi zicubu sithola umbala waso omhlophe.

Ubuchopho bakho bunento empunga ebusweni nasezindaweni ezijulile. Buthola umbala wabo ompunga emizimbeni yamangqamuzana ezinzwa (ama-neurons).

Ukuze izinto zethu ezimhlophe zibe nempilo, zidinga igazi eliningi kanye nezakhamzimba ezinhle .

Njengoba nje utshani engadini yethu budinga amanzi, ukukhanya kwelanga, kanye nereki ukuze buhlale bubukeka buhle, ubumba obumhlophe obusebuchosheni bungalimaza uma bungenalo igazi elifanele kanye nokudla okunempilo.

Ukuncipha kokunikezwa kwegazi (okwaziwa ngokwezokwelapha ngokuthi ischemia ) kanye nokuncipha kwezakhamzimba kungalimaza lezi zinhlayiya zemizwa. Zingavuvukala, ziphuke, noma zife ngokuphelele.

Ubani othinteka kakhulu yilesi sifo se-white matter?

Nakuba kungakhula kunoma ubani, kuvame kakhulu kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-60 kanye nalabo abanesifo senhliziyo .

Abanye abantu abasha, isibonelo labo abanezimo ezifana ne -migraines , bangase babe nezilonda ezimbalwa ezimhlophe ekuhlolweni kwe-MRI yobuchopho. Kodwa-ke, njengoba iminyaka ikhula kanye nokwanda kwezici ezingalawuleki zengozi yesifo senhliziyo, inani lalezi zilonda cishe lizokhula.

Abanye abantu bangase babe namathuba amaningi okuthola lesi sifo ngenxa yezizathu zofuzo eziyingozi .

Sivame kangakanani lesi simo?

Isifo se-White matter siyisimo esivame kakhulu , esithinta abantu abangaphezu kwengxenye abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-60.

Ziyini izimpawu zalesi sifo se-white matter?

Nazi ezinye izimpawu ezingase zivele kulesi simo:

• Izinkinga zememori .
• Ukuhamba kancane .
• Izinkinga zokulinganisela kanye nokuwa njalo .
• Ubunzima bokwenza izinto ezimbili noma ngaphezulu ngesikhathi esisodwa , isibonelo, ukuhamba ngenkathi ukhuluma.
• Ukushintshashintsha kwemizwa , izimo ezifana nokucindezeleka .
• Ubunzima bokulawula umchamo (ukungakwazi ukuzibamba komchamo) .

Lezi zimpawu zivame kakhulu kubantu abanesifo esibi kakhulu .

Kodwa khumbula, eziningi zalezi zimpawu zingabangelwa izinguquko ezivamile ezihambisana nokuguga, noma ezinye izimo zezokwelapha ezifana nesifo samathambo, i-neuropathy ehlobene nesifo sikashukela, i-Alzheimer's dementia, noma ukuqwasha . Kodwa-ke, uma lezi zimpawu zivela futhi ziba zimbi ngokushesha okukhulu, kuyindaba yokukhathazeka.

Ngezinye izikhathi, isifo se-white matter sitholakala ngengozi ngesikhathi se-MRI yobuchopho ngesinye isizathu. Abanye abantu bangase babe naso kodwa bangakhombisi zimpawu (ezingenazo izimpawu). Kungcono ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho ukuze anqume ukuthi izimpawu zakho zibangelwa isifo se-white matter noma esinye isizathu.

Yini ebangela lesi sifo sezinto ezimhlophe?

Abacwaningi basaphenya ngalesi sifo kanye nezimbangela zaso. Njengamanje, bakholelwa ukuthi sibangelwa ukwehla okuqhubekayo kokugeleza kwegazi kuya emicu yezinzwa entweni emhlophe.Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi le micu yonakele.

Njengoba sikhula, imithambo yethu iba lukhuni futhi inganwebeki kahle . Lokhu kunganciphisa ukugeleza kwegazi kuya emithanjeni ebuchosheni futhi kulimaze into emhlophe.

Kungabangelwa futhi yisimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-atherosclerosis . Lokhu kwenzeka lapho i-plaque inqwabelana ngaphakathi kwemithambo yethu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, okwenza izindonga zemithambo ziqine futhi ziqine. Lokhu kungathinta noma yimuphi umthambo emzimbeni, kufaka phakathi imithambo ebuchosheni.

Ukuba nezici eziyingozi zenhliziyo, njengomfutho wegazi ophakeme, amazinga aphezulu kashukela egazini ngenxa yesifo sikashukela, i-cholesterol ephezulu ekudleni, kanye nokubhema , kungandisa inani lezilonda ezimhlophe ebuchosheni bakho.

Ezinye izimbangela zezilonda zezinto ezimhlophe

Noma iyiphi inqubo ebangela ushintsho ekwakhekeni kwamakhemikhali kwezintambo zemizwa ezimbozwe yi-myelin, umonakalo, noma ukuncipha kokunikezwa kwegazi (ischemia), ingabonakala njengezilonda ezimhlophe ku-MRI scan.

Nakuba isifo sezinto ezimhlophe siyiqoqo lezilonda zezinto ezimhlophe ezibangelwa izinkinga zemithambo yegazi, ungakha nezilonda ezincane zezinto ezimhlophe ngezinye izizathu. Isibonelo, lezi zilonda zingabonakala ezifweni zokuvuvukala ezisusa i-myelin njenge- multiple sclerosis (MS) kanye nasezimweni zofuzo ezifana ne -leukodystrophy .

Odokotela abanjengodokotela bezinzwa kanye nodokotela be-neuroradiologist bavame ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwesifo se-white matter kanye nezinye izimbangela zezilonda ngokusekelwe endaweni yazo ebuchosheni ku-MRI scan. Ngezinye izikhathi kudingeka ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe ukuze kutholakale imbangela eqondile yezilonda ze-white matter ezibonwe ku-MRI scan.

Sitholakala kanjani lesi sifo se-white matter?

Indlela eyinhloko yokuxilonga lesi sifo iwukuskena kobuchopho nge-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) . I-MRI scan iwukuhlolwa okungenabuhlungu okukhiqiza izithombe ezicacile zezingxenye ezahlukene zomzimba. Umshini we-MRI usebenzisa i-magnet enkulu, amaza omsakazo, kanye nekhompyutha ukukhiqiza lezi zithombe ezinemininingwane, ngaphandle kokusebenzisa noma yimiphi imisebe (akukho X-ray).

Ukuskena kwe-Brain MRI kungasiza odokotela ukuthi babone izinga lomonakalo ku-white matter yobuchopho bakho futhi baxilonge isifo se-white matter.

Izinguquko zezinto ezimhlophe zivela njengezilonda ku-MRI. Lezi zinguquko zezinto ezimhlophe zingabhalwa ngezindlela ezahlukene embikweni we-MRI:

• Isifo noma izilonda ze-cerebral noma ze-subcortical white matter.
• Isifo semithambo yegazi emincane.
• Izinguquko zezinto ezimhlophe ezingaqondile.
• Ukuqina okukhulu kwe-T2 (ukulimala).

Ngezinye izikhathi, udokotela wakho angase abone izimpawu zesifo se-white matter ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni ye-MRI scan owawunayo yesinye isimo. Ngezinye izikhathi, udokotela wakho angase acele i-MRI uma engakwazi ukuthola esinye isizathu esicacile sezimpawu zakho, njengezinkinga zokulinganisela kanye nenkumbulo.

Nakuba kunezinye izivivinyo zokuthwebula izithombe, njenge -CT scans (Computed Tomography scans) , i-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) inekhwalithi yesithombe engcono kakhulu kanye nokuzwela kokuthola isifo se-white matter.

Lapho ethola lesi sifo, udokotela wakho angase futhi enze ukuhlolwa kwezinzwa ukuze ahlole izimpawu zakho.

Ngenxa yokuthi isifo se-white matter sihlotshaniswa nezici zobungozi besifo senhliziyo, udokotela wakho angase futhi acele ukuhlolwa kwegazi okufana nalokhu ukuze ahlole ingozi yakho:

• Iphaneli ephelele ye-metabolic .
• Iphaneli ye-lipid (bheka amazinga e-cholesterol).
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-hemoglobin ye-Glycosylated (HbA1c) (bheka isimo sesifo sikashukela).

Lesi sifo se-white matter selashwa kanjani?

Lapho belapha lesi sifo, odokotela bagxila kakhulu ekuphatheni izimpawu nasekulawuleni izici eziyingozi ezihlobene nesifo senhliziyo.

Ukwelapha izinkinga zempilo eziyisisekelo, njengomfutho wegazi ophakeme, isifo sikashukela, kanye ne-cholesterol ephezulu, kanye nokuyeka ukubhema, kungasiza ekuvimbeleni ezinye izilonda ze-white matter .

Nakuba kungekho zindlela zokwelapha zokulungisa izinto ezimhlophe esezonakele kakade, abantu abanezinkinga zempilo ezingalawuleki bavame ukubhekana nomonakalo omkhulu wezinto ezimhlophe kanye nokukhubazeka.

Ukwelashwa kwezimpawu ze-white matter

• Ukwelashwa ngokomzimba : Lokhu kungasiza ngezinkinga zokulinganisela nokuhamba ezibangelwa yisifo se-white matter. Kuhlanganisa nokufundisa nokwelapha ukuvimbela ukuwa.
• Ukwelulekwa ngokwengqondo kanye nokwelashwa kwengqondo : Ngezinkinga zempilo yengqondo njengokucindezeleka, izimpawu zingalawulwa ngokukhuluma nodokotela wengqondo , futhi uma kudingeka, ngokuthola imithi yokucindezeleka kudokotela wengqondo .
• Ukungakwazi ukuzibamba umchamo : Kunezindlela eziningana zokwelapha lokhu, okuhlanganisa imithi, izinguquko zendlela yokuphila, kanye nezinqubo ezithile zezokwelapha.

Ukuphathwa kwezinkinga zesifo senhliziyo

Ukuphatha izici eziyingozi ezihlobene nesifo senhliziyo kungasiza ekulawuleni ukuqhubeka kwesifo se-white matter nokuvimbela izehlakalo zenhliziyo ezisongela ukuphila ezifana nesifo sohlangothi.

Izindlela zokwelapha ezisiza ekulawuleni izici eziyingozi zesifo senhliziyo zifaka:

• Imithi kanye nezinguquko zendlela yokuphila ukuze kulondolozwe umfutho wegazi onempilo.
• Ukuphathwa kwesifo sikashukela (uma unesifo sikashukela).
• Ukulawula amazinga e-cholesterol ngemithi kanye nokushintsha indlela yokuphila .
• Ukuzivocavoca njalo .
• Gwema ukubhema .
• Ukugwema ukusebenzisa utshwala .
• Imithi yokulwa nama-platelet (lena yiqembu lemithi evimbela amaseli egazi ukuthi anamathele ndawonye futhi akhe amahlule egazi).
• Ama-statin (noma amazinga akho e-cholesterol ejwayelekile, angasiza ekunciphiseni ukuvuvukala emithanjeni yegazi).

Hlobo luni lodokotela abaphatha lesi sifo se-white matter?

Kuye ngezimpawu nesimo sakho, ungase ubone oyedwa noma ngaphezulu walaba odokotela ukuze belaphe izimpawu zesifo se-white matter futhi baqaphe ukuqhubeka kwaso:

• Udokotela wezinzwa
• Udokotela womndeni wakho (umhlinzeki wokunakekelwa okuyinhloko)
• Udokotela wezokwelapha ngokomzimba
• Umeluleki wezokwelapha emsebenzini
• Udokotela wezifo zamathambo
• Udokotela wenhliziyo
• Udokotela Wezifo Zomchamo
• Isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo kanye/noma uDokotela Wezifo Zengqondo

Ingabe lesi sifo sezinto ezimhlophe singavinjelwa?

Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi abantu abanezici eziyingozi zesifo senhliziyo basengozini enkulu yokuthola isifo se-white matter.

Izici eziyingozi zesifo senhliziyo yilezi:

• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu (i-Hypertension)
• I-cholesterol ephezulu (i-Hyperlipidemia, i-Dyslipidemia)
• Ukubhema
• Isifo sikashukela esingalawulwa kahle

Kunezinto ongazenza ukulawula ukuqhubeka kwalesi sifo. Ucwaningo lubonise ukuthi ukulawula lezi zici eziyingozi, njengokuthatha imithi, ukushintsha indlela yokuphila, kanye/noma ukuyeka ukubhema, kungasiza ekuvimbeleni ukwakheka kwezilonda ezintsha ze-white matter.

Iyini inkomba yesifo sezinto ezimhlophe?

Isifo se-White matter siyinhlobo ebanzi yezimo ezingaba zimbi kakhulu ku-MRI. Izimpawu ezihambisana naso zingaba zimbi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, umbono wesifo se-white matter uyahlukahluka kumuntu nomuntu.

Uma kutholakale ukuthi unesifo se-white matter, kungcono ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho wezinzwa ngalokho ongakulindela.

Kufanele ubonane nini nodokotela mayelana nesifo se-white matter?

Uma utholakale unesifo se-white matter, kubalulekile ukubona udokotela wakho oyinhloko njalo ukuze uxoxe ngokuphatha izici zakho eziyingozi. Kuye ngohlobo kanye nobunzima besifo sakho se-white matter, kanye nezimpawu zakho, kungadingeka futhi ubone ochwepheshe abengeziwe.

Uma unesifo se-white matter, kubalulekile ukubeka phambili impilo yakho yenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi. Isibonelo, ukuthatha imithi yokulawula i-cholesterol yakho kanye nomfutho wegazi nokwenza izinguquko endleleni yokuphila kungasiza ekuvimbeleni izilonda ezintsha ze-white matter futhi kunciphise ingozi yakho yesifo sohlangothi kanye ne-dementia. Uma unemibuzo mayelana nalesi simo noma izici eziyingozi zesifo senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi, buza udokotela wakho. Balapha ukuzokusiza.

Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya

Kulungile, ake sibheke izinto ezilula okufanele sizikhumbule ngeSifo Esimhlophe esikhulume ngaso:

• Lokhu kuwumonakalo ku-white matter yobuchopho , njengomonakalo "emigwaqweni" ephethe ulwazi ebuchosheni.
• Ngokuvamile kuhlotshaniswa nezici zokuguga kanye nesifo senhliziyo (umfutho wegazi ophakeme, isifo sikashukela, i-cholesterol, ukubhema).
• Izimpawu zingase zihlanganise ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo, ubunzima bokuhamba, kanye nokulahlekelwa yibhalansi .
• Itholakala kakhulu nge-MRI scan .
• Nakuba umonakalo osuvele wenziwe ungenakulungiseka ngokuphelele, lesi simo singalawulwa ngokulawula izici eziyingozi nokwelapha izimpawu .
• Ukunakekela impilo yenhliziyo kubaluleke kakhulu ukuvimbela ukuqhubeka kwalesi sifo.

Uma unezinye zalezi zimpawu, noma uma ufuna ukwazi okwengeziwe ngalokhu, funa iseluleko sezokwelapha . Ungesabi, into ebaluleke kakhulu kukho konke lokhu ukwazi ulwazi olufanele nokuthatha izinyathelo ezidingekayo.

Isifo sezinto ezimhlophe, izifo zobuchopho, isifo sezinto ezimhlophe, ukukhubazeka kwenkumbulo, ukulahlekelwa ibhalansi, ukuguga, ingozi yesifo senhliziyo, i-MRI