I-Hydrocephalus: Ake sifunde ngezimbangela, izimpawu, kanye nokwelashwa ngamagama alula

Ucabanga ukuthi ikhanda lomntwana wakho likhulu kancane kunobudala bakhe? Noma ingabe ilungu lomndeni elikhulile seliqale ngokuzumayo ukuba nobunzima bokuhamba noma ukukhohlwa? Lokhu kungaba izimpawu zesimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-hydrocephalus, esivame ukusibiza ngokuthi 'amanzi ebuchosheni'. Ungakhathazeki uma uzwa lokhu. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela ngokugcwele lesi simo nokufuna usizo lwezokwelapha ngesikhathi esifanele. Ake sixoxe ngalokhu namuhla.

Kalula nje, iyini i-Hydrocephalus?

Ubuchopho bethu abuyona nje into engaphakathi kwekhanda lethu. Buvikelwe futhi buntanta oketshezini olukhethekile. Silubiza ngokuthi uketshezi lwe -Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) . Njenge-'shock absorber' emotweni, lolu ketshezi lwe-CSF luvikela ubuchopho bethu ekulimaleni lapho lunyakazisa noma lushaya ikhanda lalo. Akukhona lokho kuphela, lolu ketshezi luphinde lusize ekuhlinzekeni ubuchopho ngesondlo esidingekayo futhi lususe imfucuza ebuchosheni.

Lolu ketshezi lwe-CSF lukhiqizwa njalo ezimbotsheni ezincane (ama-ventricles) ngaphakathi kobuchopho, lujikelezwe, bese luphinde lumuncwe emzimbeni. Cabanga ngalo njengethangi lamanzi eligcwele amanzi, ligeleza ngamapayipi, lisetshenziswa, bese kuthi lonke elisele likhishwe amanzi.

I-Hydrocephalus yisimo lapho, ngenxa yokuphazamiseka okuthile kule nqubo, uketshezi lwe-CSF luqoqana emihumeni engaphakathi kobuchopho , okudala ingcindezi engadingekile ebuchosheni. Njengalapho ipayipi lamanzi livalekile, amanzi agcwala endaweni eyodwa bese egcwala. Lokhu kucindezela kungalimaza izicubu zobuchopho.

Yiziphi izimpawu ezishintshayo ngokuguga?

Izimpawu zalesi simo zingahluka kakhulu kuye ngeminyaka yomuntu. Ake sibheke ukuthi sithinta kanjani iqembu ngalinye leminyaka.

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Yiziphi izimbangela eziyinhloko ze-hydrocephalus?

Kunezizathu ezintathu eziyinhloko zalokhu:

1. Ukuvaleka: Indlela okugeleza ngayo uketshezi lwe-CSF ingavinjelwa ngenxa yesimila sobuchopho, i-cyst egcwele uketshezi, ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa, ukulimala ekhanda, noma isifo sohlangothi. Lena imbangela evame kakhulu.

2. Ukumuncwa Okubi: Izicubu zobuchopho zingase zibe nekhono eliphansi lokumunca uketshezi lwe-CSF. Lokhu kungabangelwa izifo ezifana ne-meningitis noma ukuvuvukala okubangelwa ukulimala ekhanda.

3. Ukukhiqizwa ngokweqile koketshezi: Kwezinye izimo ezingavamile, ubuchopho bukhiqiza uketshezi lwe-CSF oluningi kunalolo umzimba ongaluthwala. Lokhu kungahlotshaniswa nezimo ezithathelwanayo.

Kwenziwa kanjani ukuxilongwa?

Uma wena noma ingane yakho nibonisa izimpawu ezingenhla, bonana nodokotela ofanelekayo ngokushesha.Kubalulekile. Udokotela uzoqala ngokukuhlola umzimba bese ebuza ngezimpawu zakho. Ngemuva kwalokho, angase acele ukuhlolwa okunjengalokhu ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa:

• Ukuhlolwa kwe-neurological: Ukuhlola ibhalansi yakho, amandla emisipha, umbono, kanye nokusebenza kwengqondo.
• Ukuskena kobuchopho:
• I-CT scan (i-Computerized Tomography scan): Uchungechunge lwezithombe zobuchopho ezihlukaniswe ngezigaba lungasetshenziswa ukubona ukuthi imigodi yobuchopho ikhulisiwe noma ukuthi kukhona yini ukuvaleka.
• Ukuskena kwe-MRI (I-Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Lokhu kusiza ukuthola izithombe ezicacile nezinemininingwane eminingi zobuchopho kanye nezindlela ze-CSF.
• Ukubhoboza Kwethambo Lomgogodla/Impompi Yomgogodla: Inaliti encane ifakwa emgogodleni ukuze kususwe inani elincane loketshezi lwe-CSF. Lokhu kunganikeza umbono wengcindezi ngaphakathi kobuchopho kanye nokuba khona kokutheleleka.
• Ukuqapha Ukucindezeleka Kwangaphakathi Kwekhanda (ICP): Kwezinye izimo, kungadingeka ukuthi kufakwe idivayisi encane ebuchosheni ukuze kulinganiswe ngqo ukucindezeleka ngaphakathi ebuchosheni.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha?

Umgomo oyinhloko wokwelapha i-hydrocephalus ukususa uketshezi oluningi oluqongeleleke ebuchosheni nokunciphisa ingcindezi ebuchosheni.

Into ebalulekile ukuthi lesi simo asinakwelapheka ngokuphelele ngemithi. Kodwa singalawulwa ngempumelelo ngokuhlinzwa futhi ungaphila impilo evamile.

Ukwelashwa okuyinhloko ukufaka i-shunt .

Kalula nje, i-shunt iyipayipi elincane kakhulu, eliguquguqukayo lepulasitiki elifakwa ngaphansi kwesikhumba. Isebenza ngokuphambukisa uketshezi lwe-CSF olunqwabelana ebuchosheni luye kwenye ingxenye yomzimba (ngokuvamile isisu) lapho uketshezi lungamuncwa kalula khona. Lokhu kufana nokudala 'i-bypass' entsha ukuze uketshezi lugeleze ebuchosheni. Ngemva kokufakwa kwe-shunt, kuzodingeka ubone udokotela wakho njalo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi lusebenza kahle.

Kwezinye izimo, ukwelashwa kungenziwa ngaphandle kwe-shunt. I-Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy (ETV) ingenye yokuhlinzwa okunjalo. Kule nqubo, ikhamera encane (i-endoscope) ifakwa ebuchosheni bese kudaleka indlela entsha yokuthi i-CSF idlule kuyo. Udokotela wakho uzonquma ukuthi yikuphi ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu kuwe.

Qaphela izinkinga ezingaba khona ngemva kokwelashwa.

Ngemva kokufakwa kwe-shunt, ingavimbeka noma itheleleke. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, izimpawu ze-hydrocephalus zizoqala ukuvela futhi.

Hlala uqaphile ngalezi zimpawu:

• Ikhanda elibuhlungu, ukuhlanza
• Umbono ozinhlangothi zombili
• Ubomvu nobuhlungu endleleni ye-shunt
• Umkhuhlane ngaphandle kwesizathu
• Ukulala ngokweqile

Kubaluleke kakhulu: Uma ingane noma isiguli kunzima ukuvuka noma singazi lutho, siyise e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) yesibhedlela ngokushesha, njengoba kungenzeka ukuthi sise-coma.