Ukuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi emincane ebuchosheni (Isifo Se-Microvascular Ischemic): Ake sixoxe ngalokhu!

Ingabe nawe ukhohlwa izinto ezincane njengoba ukhula? Ingabe ukuthola kunzima ukugcina ingqondo yakho isendaweni eyodwa? Ngezinye izikhathi ucabanga ukuthi lezi yizimpawu ezivamile zokuguga, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kungase kube nesinye isizathu sempilo ngemuva kwalokhu. Nokho, namuhla sizokhuluma ngesimo esithinta imithambo yegazi emincane ebuchosheni bethu. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi `(Isifo Se-Microvascular Ischemic)`. Ake sibone ukuthi kuyini lokhu, ubani okutholayo, nokuthi yiziphi izimpawu.

Kuyini lokhu (Isifo Se-Microvascular Ischemic)? Kalula nje...

Kalula nje, igama elithi `(Microvascular Ischemic Disease)` liyigama elijwayelekile leqembu lezinguquko ezahlukene ezenzeka emithanjeni yegazi emincane kakhulu, ethambile (esiyibiza ngokuthi `(microvessels)`) ebuchosheni bakho. Njengoba nje ipayipi lamanzi livaleka njengoba likhula, le mithambo yegazi ingashintsha kancane kancane. Kuye ngobukhulu balezi zinguquko, ungaba nezinkinga ezahlukahlukene. Kungaba yinto encane njengobunzima bokugxila, noma kungaba yingozi njengo `(stroke)`.

Kunamanye amagama amaningana asetshenziswa kulesi simo. Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa la magama:

• "Isifo semithambo emincane yobuchopho (CSVD)"
• "Isifo esingapheli se-microvascular ischemic"
• "Isifo se-ischemic semithambo emincane"

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uyibiza ngani igama, konke kufana.

Ubani othinteka kakhulu yilokhu?

Lesi simo esibizwa ngokuthi "Isifo Se-Microvascular Ischemic " sibonakala kakhulu kubantu asebekhulile. Bobabili abesilisa nabesifazane bangaba naso. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ingozi yokuthola lesi simo iyanda njengoba iminyaka ikhula.

Cabanga nje, lapho abantu beneminyaka engu-50, cishe abantu abangu-5% bangase babe nalesi simo. Kodwa-ke, phakathi kwalabo asebedlule eminyakeni engu-90, kuthiwa cishe abantu abayikhulu (100%) banesi simo ngezinga elithile. Lokhu kusho ukuthi sivame kakhulu njengoba sikhula.

Lokhu kuvame kakhulu kangangokuthi kulinganiselwa ukuthi kuyimbangela yabantu abangaba ngu-45% abathola i-dementia, isimo lapho inkumbulo ilahleka khona kancane kancane, kanye nabantu abangu-25% abahlushwa isifo sohlangothi. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela lokhu.

Kungani lokhu kwenzeka? Yiziphi izizathu zalokhu?

Imbangela eyinhloko ye-`(Microvascular Ischemic Disease)` ukuqina kwezindonga zemithambo yegazi emincane ebuchosheni, kanye nokuqongelela kwamafutha ngaphakathi kwayo, okubangela '(ukuqongelela kwe-plaque)'. Kufana nokugqwala okwakheka ngaphakathi kwamapayipi amanzi amadala. Kodwa-ke, ochwepheshe abazi kahle ukuthi kungani lokhu kwenzeka. Kodwa-ke, kutholakale ukuthi kunezici eziningi ezithinta lokhu.

Yiziphi izinto eziyingozi? Qaphela uma unalezi zinto!

Ukuguga kuyisici esiyinhloko esiyingozi. Asikwazi ukukulawula. Kodwa-ke, kunezinye izinkinga eziningana zempilo ezandisa ingozi yokuthola `(Isifo Se-Microvascular Ischemic).` Lezi yizi:

• Isifo sezinso esingamahlalakhona:Uma unezinkinga zezinso, le ngozi iphezulu.
• Isifo Sikashukela: Abantu abanesifo sikashukela nabo banamathuba amaningi okuthola lesi simo, njengoba isifo sikashukela singalimaza imithambo yegazi iyonke.
• Umfutho wegazi ophakeme: Ikakhulukazi uma umfutho wegazi wakho ungo-140/90 mm Hg (umfutho wegazi ophakeme wemithambo yegazi) noma ngaphezulu, ubeka ingcindezi enkulu emithanjeni yegazi emincane ebuchosheni.
• I-cholesterol ephezulu: Uma amazinga e-cholesterol egazini enyuka, kunethuba elikhulu lokuthi izonqwabelana ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi futhi ivaleke.
• Ukuhona kanye nokuphefumula okuvimbelayo kokulala: Lokhu kuyinkinga enkulu kakhulu kunalokho ongakucabanga. Ukungaphefumuli kahle ebusuku kunciphisa ukutholakala komoya-mpilo emzimbeni, okuyinto engeyinhle emithanjeni yegazi.
• Ukubhema noma ukusebenzisa eminye imikhiqizo kagwayi: Ukubhema kuyisici esiyingozi cishe kuzo zonke izifo. Kulimaza ngqo imithambo yegazi.

Uma unento eyodwa noma ngaphezulu yalezi zinto, kuwumqondo omuhle ukuqaphela kakhudlwana.

Ziyini izimpawu? Sikubona kanjani lokhu?

Odokotela ngezinye izikhathi babiza lesi simo ngokuthi "Isifo Se-Microvascular Ischemic" ngokuthi "isifo esithule" . Lokho kungenxa yokuthi izimpawu ngezinye izikhathi zicashile kangangokuthi zingase ziphuthelwe kalula. Futhi, abantu bavame ukuzishaya indiva, becabanga ukuthi ziyizinguquko ezivamile ezenzeka ngokuguga.

Kodwa-ke, kwabanye abantu asebekhulile, lezi zimpawu zingahluka kusukela kweziphakathi kuya kwezinzima kakhulu. Njengoba lesi simo sithinta izinhlelo eziningi emzimbeni, izimpawu zingaba zibanzi kakhulu. Ake sibheke ukuthi ziyini:

Izinguquko ohlelweni lomchamo:

• Ubunzima bokulawula umchamo (ukungakwazi ukuzibamba komchamo): Kalula nje, ukulahlekelwa umchamo othile ngaphandle kokuqaphela.
• Ukuphuthuma komchamo: Isidingo esiphuthumayo nesinamandla sokuchama .

Izinguquko ekhonweni lokucabanga (Ukuqonda):

• I-Dementia: Ukulahlekelwa kancane kancane kwenkumbulo kanye nobunzima bokwenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke.
• Ubunzima bokugxila: Ubunzima bokugxila entweni ethile.
• Ukukhubazeka okuncane kwengqondo: Ubunzima bokwenza izinqumo nokuqonda izinto.
• Ukudideka okungazelelwe, uzizwe sengathi ulahlekelwa yingqondo (ukuhlanya): Lokhu kungavela ngokuzumayo.

Izinguquko ohlelweni lwezinzwa (i-Neurology):

• Ubunzima bokugwinya ukudla noma uketshezi (i-dysphagia): Ukudla kungase kuzwakale sengathi kuyabhajwa.
• Ukungakwazi ukulawula imisipha yobuso ngendlela efanele: Olunye uhlangothi lobuso lungase lubonakale lugobile.
• Ukukhala okungazelelwe, okungalawuleki noma ukuhleka ngaphandle kwesizathu (ithonya le-pseudobulbar):Lokhu kungaba yinto exakile kakhulu.
• Ukungakhulumi kahle kwamagama lapho ukhuluma, ukungakhulumi kahle (dysarthria): njengokungathi ulimi luhluthukile.

Izinguquko empilweni yengqondo:

• Ukukhathazeka: Ukuzizwa ungakhululekile noma wesaba.
• Ukunganaki: Isimo sokukhathala yikho konke .
• Ukucindezeleka: Umuzwa wokudabuka okukhulu nokudumazeka.
• Ukukhathala okuqhubekayo, ukukhathala: Umuzwa wokukhathala kungakhathaliseki ukuthi wenzani.
• Ukuthukuthela ngokushesha ngezinto ezincane, ukungabekezeli (Ukucasuka) .

Izinkinga zokulala:

• Izinkinga ezahlukene zokulala .
• Ukungalali kahle ebusuku, izinkinga zokungalali kahle .

Izinkinga zokuhamba:

• Ukulahlekelwa ibhalansi ngenkathi uhamba, kuba nobunzima bokulondoloza ibhalansi .
• Ukuwa noma ukuwa njalo .
• Ukuhamba ngezinyawo okuguquguqukayo .

Uma unesinye noma ngaphezulu salezi zimpawu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhuluma nodokotela ngakho.

Sitholakala kanjani lesi simo? Yiziphi izivivinyo ezenziwayo?

Odokotela bavame ukusebenzisa i-MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) scan ukuze baxilonge lesi simo. Lokhu kuhlolwa okungenabuhlungu nhlobo. Kusebenzisa i-magnet enkulu, amaza omsakazo, kanye nekhompyutha ukuze kuthathwe izithombe ezicacile zobuchopho bakho.

Umuntu onesifo "se-Microvascular Ischemic Disease" angase abe nezinguquko ezahlukene ebuchosheni bakhe. Odokotela bafuna izinto ezinjengalezi ezithombeni ze-MRI:

• Ukopha kwegazi ebuchosheni yimithambo yegazi emincane ebuchosheni ephuma igazi . Lokhu ukopha okuncane kakhulu.
• Ukuthi into emhlophe ebuchosheni yonakele yini. Lezi zindawo ezonakele zibonakala njengamabala amhlophe akhanyayo kuskeni. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-white matter hyperintensities.
• Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kunezilonda ezincane, ezingezona ezezinzwa ebuchosheni (i-lacunar infarcts) ezingabonisi izimpawu ezinkulu zemizwa. Lezi zifana nezindawo ezincane zomonakalo.

Uma lezi zinto zitholakala ku-MRI scan, udokotela anganquma ukuthi unesifo "se-Microvascular Ischemic Disease" noma cha.

Ingabe lesi sifo singabuyiselwa emuva futhi silapheke ngokuphelele?

Lokhu kuyinkinga eyinkimbinkimbi kancane. Ezigabeni zokuqala ze-"Microvascular Ischemic Disease", kungenzeka "ukuguqula" ezinye zezinguquko ezenzeke ebuchosheni ngezinga elithile. Okusho ukuthi, isimo singaguqulwa kancane sibe ngcono.

Kodwa-ke, lesi sifo sivame ukuba nesimo esiqhubekayo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lezi zinguquko zingase zingaphinde zibuyele esimweni sazo.

Yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukukubona lokhu ngokushesha okukhulu nokulawula izinto eziyingozi.

Ngakho-ke ikuphi ukwelashwa kwalokhu?

Okwamanje, azikho izindlela ezithile zokwelapha i-Microvascular Ischemic Disease. Umgomo oyinhloko wezindlela zokwelapha zamanje ukunciphisa izici zakho eziyingozi nokuvimbela noma ukulibazisa ukuthuthukiswa kwezinkinga ezinkulu ezifana ne-dementia kanye nesifo sohlangothi.

Ngenxa yokuthi izici zobungozi zomuntu wonke zihlukile, uhlelo lokwelashwa lungahluka kumuntu nomuntu. Lokho kusho ukuthi ukwelashwa kuzokwenzelwa wena. Ngokuvamile, ukwelashwa kungafaka:

• Ukuthuthukisa imikhuba enempilo: Izinto ezinjengokuzivocavoca umzimba nokudla ukudla okunomsoco kakhulu.
• Ukuyeka ukubhema ngokuphelele.
• Ukuthatha imithi yokwehlisa umfutho wegazi ophakeme, ukulawula i-cholesterol, kanye nokulawula amazinga kashukela egazini.

Udokotela wakho uzokuxilonga futhi akutshele ukuthi yiluphi uhlelo lokwelashwa olukulungele.

Ngingayinciphisa kanjani le ngozi?

Lena yinto ebaluleke kakhulu. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukusebenzisana nodokotela wakho ukuze uthole ukuthi yiziphi izici zakho eziyingozi bese udala uhlelo oluhambisana nazo.

Nazi ezinye izindlela zokusiza ukunciphisa ingozi:

• Landela ukudla okunempilo: Nciphisa usawoti, amafutha agcwele, noshukela ngangokunokwenzeka. Yidla imifino eminingi, izithelo, namakhambi aqukethe izakhamzimba ezahlukahlukene.
• Zibandakanye ezivivinyweni ezahlukahlukene: Khetha izivivinyo ezithuthukisa ibhalansi yakho, amandla, kanye nempilo yenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi. Kungumqondo omuhle ukuthola usizo kuchwepheshe wezokwelapha ngokomzimba noma umqeqeshi wokuzivocavoca ukuze akusize unqume ukuthi yiziphi izivivinyo eziphephile nezifanele wena.
• Bamba iqhaza ezinhlelweni ezikusiza ukuthi uyeke ukubhema: Amaqembu okusekela asekelwe kwezesayensi noma ukwelulekwa komuntu nomuntu kungasiza.
• Sebenzisa amasu okunciphisa ukucindezeleka nokuphumula: Izinto ezifana nokuzindla kanye ne-yoga zingasiza ngalokhu.

Nakuba kungase kubonakale kunzima kancane ukufaka lezi zinto empilweni yakho, zizoletha izinzuzo ezinkulu empilweni yakho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ngingazi kanjani ukuthi ngisengozini?

Ukuze uthole ukuthi usengozini yini, udinga ukunaka izimpawu zakho. Kubalulekile futhi ukuhlolwa njalo nokuhlolwa kwegazi. Landelela amazinga akho e-cholesterol kanye nomfutho wegazi. Uma unezimo eziyisisekelo ezifana nesifo sikashukela noma isifo sezinso, kubalulekile futhi ukuzilawula.

Ingabe lesi simo siyingozi? Kuzokwenzekani ngokulandelayo?

Uma ingelashwa, i-Microvascular Ischemic Disease ingaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu, ezisongela ngisho nokuphila, njengokushaywa unhlangothi kanye nokwehla okukhulu kwengqondo.

Kodwa-ke, uma ulandela uhlelo lokwelashwa oluqondene nodokotela wakho, ungalawula ukuwohloka kwalesi simo futhi uphile impilo enempilo nezimele. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukulandela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho ngaphandle kokwesaba.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Uma uzizwa sengathi ulahlekelwa amandla okwenza noma yiziphi izinto ezingezansi ngokuzumayo noma kancane kancane, qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela ukuze akuhlole.

• Ikhono lokulawula umchamo.
• Ikhono lokukhumbula izinto.
• Ikhono lokucabanga kahle.

Ungazithathi kalula izinguquko ezinjengalezi.

Kufanele uye nini e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) ?

Abantu abane-`(Microvascular Ischemic Disease)` basengozini enkulu yokushaywa yisifo sohlangothi. Ngakho-ke, uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezingezansi ngokuzumayo, kufanele uye ekamelweni eliphuthumayo (ER) ngokushesha.

• Isiyezi, umuzwa wokuzungeza ekhanda .
• Ukungakwazi ukukhuluma .
• Ukulahlekelwa ibhalansi noma ukuhambisana, njengalapho uhamba .
• Ukuba ndikindiki noma ubuthakathaka ohlangothini olulodwa lomzimba .
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu .
• Ukulahlekelwa umbono kwelinye noma kokubili iso .

Lokhu kungaba izimpawu zokuhlaselwa yisifo sohlangothi, ngakho ukuthola ukwelashwa ngokushesha ngaphandle kokuchitha isikhathi kungasindisa impilo.

Okokugcina, izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okufanele uzikhumbule

Lesi simo, esibizwa ngokuthi "Isifo Se-Microvascular Ischemic Disease," singathinta abanye abantu kancane kanti abanye kakhulu. Singabangela ushintsho esimweni sakho sengqondo, ubunzima bokucabanga, kanye nezinkinga zokuhamba.

Kodwa into engcono kakhulu ukuthi ngokuhlonza nokubhekana nezici zakho ezithile eziyingozi, ungalawula noma unciphise lezi zinkinga, okukuvumela ukuthi uphile impilo enempilo.

Ngakho-ke, khuluma nodokotela wakho bese udala uhlelo oluqondene nawe olukusebenzelayo. Ungesabi, ukuqaphela nokuthatha izinyathelo ezifanele kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu!

Imithambo yegazi ebuchosheni, impilo yokuguga, isifo sohlangothi, i-dementia, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, isifo sikashukela, i-cholesterol