Sonke siyaphefumula siphume. Kwenzeka ngokungazi. Kodwa wake wazibuza ukuthi umoya-mpilo esiwuphefumulayo ungena kanjani egazini elijikeleza emizimbeni yethu yonke? Kuyini ukuxhumana phakathi kwenhliziyo namaphaphu? Namuhla sizokhuluma ngohlobo olubaluleke kakhulu lomthambo wegazi emzimbeni wethu oluhlanganisa lokho kanye. Lowo umthambo wamaphaphu , noma njengoba sikubiza kanjalo kwezokwelapha (i-Pulmonary Arteries) .
Ziyini lezi mithambo ye-pulmonary?
Kalula nje, umthambo wamaphaphu umthambo wegazi othwala igazi eliphelelwe umoya-mpilo lisuka ohlangothini lwesokudla lwenhliziyo yakho liye emaphashini akho . Kwezokwelapha, igama elithi "pulmonary" lisetshenziswa ukubhekisela kunoma yini ehlobene namaphaphu.
Une-pulmonary artery eyodwa eyinhloko. Siyibiza ngokuthi i-pulmonary trunk . Ixhunywe ngqo enhliziyweni nge -valve ebizwa ngokuthi i-pulmonary valve . Le valve ifana nomnyango. Ilawula ukugeleza kwegazi eliphuma kwi-ventricle yesokudla yenhliziyo. Ngemva kokuphuma enhliziyweni, le artery eyinhloko ihlukana kabili, i-pulmonary artery yesokudla neyesobunxele. Njengoba igama lisikisela, i-artery yesokudla iya ephashini lesokudla, kanti i-artery yesobunxele iya ephashini lesokudla.
Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa udokotela wakho ebiza umthambo wamaphaphu ngokuthi “umthambo omkhulu.” Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ungomunye wemithambo yegazi eyinhloko enhliziyweni. Ngayinye yale mithambo emikhulu ixhuma kwenye yamakamelo amane enhliziyo futhi ithwala igazi liye futhi lisuke enhliziyweni.
Khumbula, umthambo we-pulmonary uwukuphela kohlobo lomthambo emzimbeni wakho oluthwala igazi elingenawo umoya-mpilo. Yonke eminye imithambo ithwala igazi eline-oxygen.
Zisebenza kanjani lezi zinto ohlelweni lokujikeleza kwegazi? - Ake sizibheke kancane kancane
Imithambo ye-pulmonary idlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ohlelweni lwethu lokujikeleza kwegazi. Ngokukhethekile, iyingxenye ebizwa ngokuthi i-pulmonary circuit . Le circuit ithwala igazi phakathi kwenhliziyo namaphaphu. Kufana nomdlalo weqembu. Ake sibone ukuthi leli qembu lisebenza kanjani.
Le nqubo ingaqondwa ngokucacile kakhulu kusukela kuthebula elingezansi.
| Izinyathelo | Inqubo eyenzeka |
|---|---|
| 1. I-Ventricle Yangakwesokudla | Leli gumbi elingezansi kwesokudla lenhliziyo limpompa igazi elingenawo umoya-mpilo lisuka kuwo wonke umzimba ngevalvu yamaphaphu liye emthanjeni oyinhloko wamaphaphu. |
| 2. Umthambo Omkhulu Wephaphu | Lokhu kuphuma enhliziyweni bese kuhlukana kube yimithambo yamaphaphu yesokudla neyakwesobunxele. |
| 3. Imithambo yamaphaphu yesokudla nesobunxele | Le mithambo emibili ithwala igazi iye emaphashini ayo. Ngaphakathi emaphashini, le mithambo ihlukana ibe yimithambo yegazi emincane. Ekugcineni ifinyelela kuma-capillary azungeze ama-air sac (alveoli). |
| 4. Amaphaphu | Yilapho into ebaluleke kakhulu yenzeka khona. I-carbon dioxide, umkhiqizo ongcolile egazini, iyakhishwa, bese kuthi umoya-mpilo omusha, esiwutholayo lapho siphefumula, wengezwe egazini. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukushintshana kwegesi . |
| 5. Imithambo Yephaphu | Lezi zenza okuphambene nalokho okwenziwa yimithambo yamaphaphu. Okusho ukuthi, ziqoqa igazi elifakwe umoya-mpilo emaphashini bese zilibuyisela enhliziyweni. Leli gazi liza e-atrium yesobunxele yenhliziyo. |
| 6. I-Atrium Yesobunxele kanye ne-Ventricle Yesobunxele | Leli gazi elinomoya-mpilo omningi, elingena ku-atrium yangakwesobunxele, bese lithunyelwa ku-ventricle yangakwesobunxele. I-ventricle yangakwesobunxele, igumbi eliqine kakhulu enhliziyweni, lipompa leli gazi elihlanzekile lingene ku-aorta. |
| 7. I-Aorta nomzimba | Imithambo emikhulu ithwala leli gazi lisuka endaweni ephakeme kakhulu yomzimba liye kuzo zonke izitho nezicubu. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthiLokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-systemic circuit. Bese igazi elinomoya-mpilo libuyela e-atrium efanele yenhliziyo, bese umjikelezo uqala futhi. |
Ikuphi i-pulmonary artery? Ingakanani?
Lezi zitholakala ngaphakathi kwesifuba sakho. Isiqu esiyinhloko samaphaphu sinamathele kwi-ventricle yesokudla, ngaphambili kwenhliziyo. Ukusuka lapho, siya phezulu e-aorta siye kwesobunxele. Bese sihlukana sibe yimithambo yamaphaphu yesokudla nesobunxele bese siya emaphashini.
Umthambo oyinhloko wamaphaphu uvame ukuba ngamasentimitha angu-5 ubude. Ububanzi bawo bungamasentimitha angu-2.7 kwabesifazane kanye namasentimitha angu-2.9 kwabesilisa.
Njengeminye imithambo yegazi, izindonga zale mithambo yegazi yamaphaphu zakhiwe ngezingqimba ezintathu:
- (I-Tunica intima): Ingqimba yangaphakathi ebushelelezi.
- (I-Tunica media): Ungqimba oluphakathi lwemisipha olucindezela igazi.
- (Tunica adventitia): Ingqimba engaphandle evikelayo.
Yiziphi izifo ezithinta le mithambo yegazi?
Izinkinga eziyinhloko ezithinta imithambo yamaphaphu yizinkinga zenhliziyo ezizalwa nazo . Lezi yilezo eziba khona lapho kuzalwa. Ezinye zalezi zimo zifaka phakathi `(Double outlet right ventricle)`, `(Patent ductus arteriosus)`, `(Pulmonary atresia)`, `(Tetralogy of Fallot)` kanye `(Transposition of the great arteries)`.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezimo eziningana zezokwelapha ezingavela ngemva kokuba umuntu emdala. Eziyinhloko yilezi:
- I-pulmonary embolism: I-blood clot eyakheka futhi ihlale emthanjeni emaphashini. Lesi yisimo esiphuthumayo.
- Umfutho wegazi ophezulu wamaphaphu: Ukwanda okukhulu komfutho wegazi emithanjeni yamaphaphu.
- Imiphumela yezinye izifo: Izifo ezifana nokwehluleka kwenhliziyo, isifo sokuqina kwesibindi, isifo samaphaphu esingamahlalakhona (COPD), kanye nokuphefumula kokulala okungamahlalakhona nakho kungathinta le mithambo yegazi.
Ngingayigcina kanjani inhliziyo yami kanye nale mithambo iphilile?
Nakuba singenakukwazi ukuvimbela izifo esizalwa nazo, kunezinto eziningi esingazenza ukuze sizivikele ezifweni ezikhula kamuva ekuphileni. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuphatha kahle izifo ezibangela izimo ezifana nomfutho wegazi ophezulu emaphashini.
- Isifo samaphaphu esingamahlalakhona (i-COPD)
- Ukuphefumula kobuthongo okuvimbelayo
- Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo
Uma unalezi zimo, landela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho ngqo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yenza lezi zinto ukuze ulondoloze impilo yenhliziyo yakho kanye nemithambo yegazi:
- Gwema ukubhema ngokuphelele.Yeka ukubhema ugwayi, i-vaping, noma yimuphi omunye umkhiqizo kagwayi. Cela usizo kudokotela wakho.
- Yidla ukudla okunempilo nenhliziyo. Yidla izithelo nemifino eminingi.
- Vivinya umzimba okungenani imizuzu eyi-150 ngesonto. Yenza okuthile okufana nokuhamba, ukugijima, noma ukugibela ibhayisikili.
- Gcina isisindo somzimba siphilile.
- Uma unezifo ezifana nesifo sikashukela, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, kanye ne-cholesterol ephezulu, zilawule kahle.
Yiziphi izimpawu okufanele zikushukumisele ukuthi ubonane nodokotela?
Uma unesinye noma ngaphezulu kwalezi zimpawu ezilandelayo, qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela wakho. Lezi kungaba izimpawu zokugula okukhulu.
| Isibonakaliso | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Ubunzima bokuphefumula | Ukuzizwa uphelelwa umoya ngisho nalapho uphumule noma wenza imisebenzi emincane. |
| Ubuhlungu besifuba noma ukuqina | Umuzwa wokuqina nokucinana esifubeni. |
| Isiyezi noma ukuquleka | Ukuzizwa unesizungu noma uphelelwa amandla ngokuzumayo. |
| Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile (i-Arrhythmia) | Inhliziyo ishaya ngokushesha futhi izwakala sengathi iyagxumagxuma. |
| Izindebe noma isikhumba esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka | Kungaba uphawu lokuntuleka komoya-mpilo egazini. |
| Ukuvuvukala kwemilenze, amaqakala, noma isisu (i-edema) | Uphawu lokuqongelela koketshezi emzimbeni. |
| Ukukhwehlela igazi | Ukukhwehlela igazi nge-phlegm. Lesi yisimo esiphuthumayo esibucayi kakhulu. Yiya e-ETU (Emergency Treatment Unit) ngokushesha. |
Imithambo yethu yamaphaphu iyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu empilweni yethu, yize ingabonakali emehlweni, futhi isebenza buthule ezimpilweni zethu umzuzwana ngamunye. Ukufunda ngendlela esebenza ngayo kanye nezifo ezithinta yona kuzokhulisa ukuqonda kwethu imizimba yethu. Kungumthwalo wakho futhi ukwamukela indlela yokuphila enempilo nokuvikela le mithambo yegazi eyigugu.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Imithambo yegazi yamaphaphu iyimithambo yegazi ekhethekile ethwala igazi elingenawo umoya-mpilo lisuka enhliziyweni yakho liye emaphashini akho.
- Lolu uhlobo olulodwa kuphela lomthambo oluthwala igazi elingenawo umoya-mpilo emzimbeni wakho.
- Izifo eziningi ezithinta le mithambo yegazi zizalwa nazo, kodwa kukhona nezifo ezikhula lapho umuntu esemdala, njenge-pulmonary hypertension.
- Ungagcina inhliziyo yakho nemithambo yegazi iphilile ngokugwema ukubhema, ukudla ukudla okunempilo, ukuzivocavoca, nokulawula izifo ezifana nesifo sikashukela kanye nomfutho wegazi ophakeme.
- Uma uzwa izimpawu ezifana nobuhlungu besifuba, ubunzima bokuphefumula, noma ukuquleka, bona udokotela ngokushesha ngaphandle kokulibala.
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