Cishe uke wezwa udokotela etshela ilungu lomndeni, umngane, noma umuntu omjwayele, "Kudingeka benze i-heart bypass, futhi bazokhipha umthambo engalweni noma emlenzeni wakho." Ngesikhathi esinjengaleso, kuyinto evamile ukuzizwa wesaba futhi unelukuluku. "O, kwenzekani kuleso sitho uma besusa umthambo engalweni noma emlenzeni wakho? Ngeke yini wophe igazi? Ingabe kuzoba nenkinga kamuva?" Ungase ucabange izinto ezinjalo, akunjalo? Nokho, namuhla ngizophendula yonke leyo mibuzo ngendlela elula ongayiqonda.
Kalula nje, kusho ukuthini ukususa umthambo?
Ukuze siqonde lokhu, ake siqale siqonde kancane ngokuthi kuyini ukuhlinzwa kwe-heart bypass, noma okwaziwa ngokwezokwelapha ngokuthi ukuhlinzwa kwe-coronary artery bypass .
Cabanga ukuthi ipayipi lamanzi eliyinhloko eliletha amanzi endlini yakho livaliwe ndawana thize. Manje amanzi afika kancane kakhulu, noma mhlawumbe awafiki nhlobo. Wenzani-ke? Esikhundleni sokusika ingxenye evaliwe, uxhuma ipayipi elisha ohlangothini nangemuva kwengxenye evaliwe bese udala indlela entsha. Khona-ke amanzi azophinde ageleze kahle.
Ukuhlinzwa kwe-heart bypass kufana ncamashi nalokhu. Lapho izinto ezifana ne-cholesterol zinqwabelana emithanjeni yenhliziyo ehambisa igazi ezinhliziyweni zethu bese ivaleka, inhliziyo ayitholi inani legazi eliyidingayo. Yilapho-ke izinto ezifana ne-angina zenzeka khona. Okwenziwa odokotela ukuthi, basebenzisa umthambo wegazi ophilile (umthambo) othathwe kwenye ingxenye yomzimba wakho ukuze bakhe indlela entsha ezungeze futhi ezungeze indawo evalekile. Le ndlela entsha ibizwa ngokuthi i-graft .
Ngakho-ke, lokhu 'ukususa umthambo', noma 'ukuvuna' njengoba odokotela bekubiza kanjalo, kubhekisela enkambisweni yokuthatha umthambo wegazi onempilo odingekayo ukwakha lowo mgwaqo omusha usuka kwenye indawo emzimbeni wakho.
Ngokuvamile le mithambo ivelaphi?
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zemithambo yegazi ezisetshenziswa kakhulu kulokhu kuhlinzwa kwe-bypass.
1. Umthambo Wemisebe Osabalalayo
Lokhu kusengalo yakho, kusukela endololwaneni yakho kuya esihlakaleni sakho. Uyakhumbula ukuthi udokotela wayezokuzwa kuphi ukushaya kwenhliziyo yakho uma eyizwa? Yilapho kuvela khona umthambo we-radial. Sinemithambo emibili eyinhloko ezingalweni zethu. Lona ungomunye wayo.
2. Umthambo we-Saphenous
Lona umthambo omude kunayo yonke emzimbeni wethu. Uqala ngaphakathi konyawo, bese ukhuphuka nge-groin bese ujoyina umthambo ojulile ethangeni. Umsebenzi wemithambo ukuthutha igazi eliphelelwe umoya-mpilo ulibuyisele enhliziyweni. Njengoba lo mthambo othambile utholakala ngaphansi kwesikhumba somlenze, kulula kakhulu ukuwususa ngokuhlinzwa.
Udokotela unquma kanjani ukuthi yimuphi umthambo ozosetshenziswa?
Lesi akusona isinqumo okufanele senziwe ngobusuku obubodwa. Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizothatha lesi sinqumo ngemva kokuhlola ngokucophelela isimo sakho nokucabangela izici eziningana. Bazokucela ukuthi wenze izivivinyo eziningana ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa.
- Inani Eliphelele Legazi
- I-X-ray yesifuba
- Ukuhlolwa kwezithombe njenge-CT Scan noma i-MRI
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-Angiogram - Lokhu kusetshenziselwa ukuhlola ukuthi imithambo yegazi enhliziyweni ivalekile kangakanani.
Isinqumo sokugcina senziwa ngemva kokucabangela imiphumela yalezi zivivinyo, kanye nezici ezisethebuleni elingezansi.
| Ukucabangela | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Usayizi nendawo yokuvinjelwa | Umthambo ozosetshenziswa uncike ekutheni umthambo wenhliziyo ukuphi nokuthi uvalekile kangakanani. |
| Usayizi wemithambo yegazi | Khetha umthambo olingana nemithambo yenhliziyo yakho. |
| Ingabe kukhona imithambo enempilo | Kubalulekile ukuthi umthambo osetshenziswa ekufakeni izicubu ube nempilo ephelele. Uma unezinkinga ngemithambo esemilenzeni yakho (njengemithambo ekhuphukile), lowo mthambo ungase ungakwazi ukuthathwa. |
| Isimo sakho sempilo iyonke | Izici ezifana nezinye izimo zezokwelapha onazo (njengesifo sikashukela) kanye nobudala bakho nazo zithinta lesi sinqumo. |
Ngokuvamile, odokotela bazozama ukuthola umthambo ohlangothini lwakho olungabalulekile . Lokho kusho ukuthi, uma usebenzisa isandla sokudla, bazozama ukuthola umthambo we-radial esandleni sakho sobunxele.
Kwenzekani ngempela ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa?
Le nqubo yokususa imithambo yegazi yenzeka ngaphambi nje kokuhlinzwa kwakho kwe-bypass. Uhlinzwa ngokuphelele (i-anesthesia ejwayelekile) futhi konke lokhu kwenziwa. Ngakho ngeke uzwe ubuhlungu.
Kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko zokususa umthambo.
1. Ukuhlinzwa Kwe-Endoscopic:Lena inqubo evame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu engangenisi kakhulu . Kule nqubo, kufakwa ithubhu elincane elibizwa ngokuthi i-endoscope ngokusebenzisa ukusikwa okukodwa noma okubili okuncane kakhulu esikhumbeni sengalo noma umlenze. Ekupheleni kwaleli thubhu kunekhamera, amathuluzi alula, futhi athambile adingekayo ekuhlinzeni. Udokotela ohlinzayo, ebuka eskrinini, uhlukanisa ngokucophelela umthambo nezicubu ezizungezile bese ewususa.
2. Ukuhlinzwa Okuvulekile: Kule ndlela, isikhumba sinqunywa ngobude lapho kukhona khona umthambo bese umthambo ususwa ukuze ubonakale ngqo. Le ndlela yayisetshenziswa esikhathini esidlule, kodwa manje ayisasetshenziswa kakhulu ngenxa yendlela ye-endoscopic.
Uma umthambo usususiwe, ingxenye eyinhloko yokuhlinzwa kwe-bypass iyaqala. Udokotela ohlinzayo unamathisela uhlangothi olulodwa lwe-graft ku-aorta yakho kanti olunye uhlangothi lunamathisela emthambo ovalekile. Manje usunendlela entsha nenempilo yokuthi igazi ligeleze enhliziyweni yakho.
Umbuzo oyinhloko ongase uzibuze wona uthi, "Ingabe ingalo noma umlenze wami ubungeke uthinteke ukube bengingenawo umthambo?" Lutho neze. Imizimba yethu yakhiwe kahle kakhulu.
* Uma sithatha i-Radial Artery yesandla: Omunye umthambo oyinhloko ohlinzeka ngegazi esandleni , i-Ulnar Artery , uthatha umsebenzi we-Radial Artery, ohlinzeka ngegazi esandleni nasengaloni ngaphandle kokuntuleka.
* Uma sithatha umthambo we-saphenous emlenzeni: Uhlelo lwemithambo ejulile , olutholakala ngaphakathi komlenze, luthatha umsebenzi womthambo we-saphenous futhi luthwale igazi lisuka emlenzeni libuyele enhliziyweni ngaphandle kwezinkinga.
Yiziphi izinzuzo nezingozi zale ndlela?
Njenganoma iyiphi inqubo yezokwelapha, kunezinzuzo nezingozi. Izinzuzo zenqubo ye-endoscopic ikakhulukazi ziningi.
| Izinzuzo Nezingozi | |
|---|---|
| Izinzuzo (ikakhulukazi endleleni ye-endoscopic) | |
| ukululama okusheshayo | Akubuhlungu kangako njengokuhlinzwa okuvulekile, ngakho-ke ukuhlala esibhedlela kufushane. Ungalulama ngokushesha. |
| Ukopha okuncane | Ukusikwa kuncane kakhulu, ngakho-ke ukopha kanye nokuklwebheka kuncane kakhulu. |
| Izibazi ezincane | Esikhundleni sesibazi esikhulu, kusele izibazi ezimbalwa ezincane kakhulu, ngakho-ke ingozi yokutheleleka nayo iyancipha. |
| Izingozi | |
| Izifo | Njenganoma yikuphi ukuhlinzwa, kunengozi encane yokutheleleka emigqonyeni. |
| Ukopha kanye nokudumba | Izinga elithile lokuphuka nokopha lingase livele ngemva kokuhlinzwa. |
| Amahlule egazi | Akuvamile kakhulu, kungaba khona ingozi yokuqhekeka kwegazi. |
| Ukulimala kwemizwa | Kunethuba elincane lokuthi imizwa emincane eduze komthambo izolimala, okungabangela ukungazweli kuleyo ndawo. |
Izinto okufanele uzicabangele ngesikhathi sokululama ngemva kokubuyela ekhaya
Ukugxila kwakho okuyinhloko kufanele kube ekululameni ekuhlinzweni kwe-bypass. Ngemva kokuphuma esibhedlela, kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela imiyalelo enikezwa udokotela wakho kanye nabasebenzi abahlengikazi ngqo .
- Ukuthatha imithi efanele: Thatha imithi oyinikwayo ukuvimbela ukujiya kwegazi (ama-anticoagulant) kanye nemithi yobuhlungu ngesikhathi esifanele nangesilinganiso esifanele.
- Ukugcina amanxeba ehlanzekile: Uzofundiswa esibhedlela ukuthi uwahlanza futhi uwabophe kanjani amanxeba akho. Landela le miyalelo.
- Gwema ukuphakamisa izinsimbi: Ungaphakamisi noma yiziphi izinsimbi kuze kube yilapho udokotela wakho ekuyala ukuba uphakamise.
- Ukugqoka amasokisi akhethekile:Uma ususiwe umthambo wakho we-saphenous emlenzeni wakho, uzocelwa ukuthi ugqoke amasokisi akhethekile okucindezela ukuze unciphise ukuvuvukala. Uzokwaziswa futhi ukuthi ugcine umlenze wakho uphakeme kancane.
Kunini lapho kufanele ufune khona iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha?
Uma uzwa izimpawu zokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo (njengobuhlungu obukhulu esifubeni, ubunzima bokuphefumula, ukujuluka ngokweqile), shayela ngokushesha isevisi ye-ambulensi ephuthumayo njengo-1990 bese uya esibhedlela esiseduze i-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU).
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma kuvela uphawu olulodwa noma ngaphezulu kwalokhu okulandelayo, yazisa udokotela wakho ngokushesha.
- Ubuhlungu besifuba noma ukuqina (i-Angina)
- Ukujuluka ngokweqile okungazelelwe
- Ubunzima bokuphefumula (i-Dyspnea)
- Izimpawu zokutheleleka, njengokukhipha okuphuzi ezindaweni zokuhlinzwa kanye nomkhuhlane
Ukuhlinzwa kwe-bypass kuyindlela ebaluleke kakhulu yokusindisa impilo. Ukukhipha umthambo emzimbeni wakho kuyingxenye ebalulekile yalo. Ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe, le nqubo manje ingenziwa ngokuphephile kakhulu, ngobuhlungu obuncane kanye nokululama okusheshayo. Ngakho-ke ungesabi ngokungadingekile. Uma unezinkinga noma ukungabaza, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngokukhululekile ngakho.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ngokuhlinzwa kwe-heart bypass, ukuthola umthambo wegazi ophilile (umthambo) engalweni noma emlenzeni wakho kuyinqubo evamile nebalulekile.
- Uma umthambo ususwa ngale ndlela, akukho ukuphazamiseka kokugeleza kwegazi kuleso sitho. Eminye imithambo yegazi emzimbeni ithatha lowo msebenzi.
- Indlela ye-endoscopic, esetshenziswa kabanzi namuhla, inciphisa ubuhlungu, izibazi, kanye nesikhathi sokuphulukiswa.
- Ukulandela imiyalelo yezokwelapha ngokucophelela ngemva kokuhlinzwa kubalulekile ukuze umuntu alulame ngokushesha nangendlela ephumelelayo.
- Uma uzwa ubuhlungu esifubeni, ubunzima bokuphefumula, noma izimpawu zokutheleleka kwenxeba, xhumana nodokotela wakho ngokushesha.
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