Sonke sizizwa singakhululekile uma sizwa igama elithi " imisebe ," akunjalo? Kulula ukuyicabanga njengento eyesabekayo ngokwemvelo. Kodwa-ke, namuhla asikhulumi ngemisebe yansuku zonke. Sigxila esimweni esibucayi sempilo esingaba khona uma umzimba wakho ubhekene nomthamo omkhulu kakhulu wemisebe. Odokotela babiza lokhu ngokuthi "Ukugula Ngemisebe," okwaziwa nangokuthi yi-( Acute Radiation Syndrome – ARS). Lesi yisimo esingasongela impilo, ngakho-ke ake sixoxe ngaso sonke isikhathi, njengoba kubalulekile ukuba nolwazi oluphelele.
Kuyini ngempela ukugula ngemisebe? Kalula nje…
Kalula nje, lesi yisifo esibi kakhulu esenzeka lapho umzimba wakho ubhekene nenani elikhulu lemisebe ye-ionizing ngesikhathi esisodwa noma esikhathini esifushane. Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa ukuthi imisebe ye-ionizing isetshenziswa ezimbonini ezahlukene, ezitshalweni zikagesi, kanye nasemisebenzini yezempi ukukhiqiza amandla. Iphinde isetshenziswe ekwelashweni kwezokwelapha okuthile; isibonelo, ukwelashwa ngemisebe ( ukwelashwa ngemisebe ) kweziguli ezinomdlavuza kusebenzisa imithamo emincane kakhulu, elawulwa ngokucophelela.
Kodwa-ke, ukugula ngemisebe kuvame ukuhlotshaniswa nokuchayeka ngokuzumayo nangokubi —njengengozi enkulu esikhungweni samandla enuzi. Ubunzima balesi simo buxhomeke ezicini eziningana ezibalulekile:
- Inani lemisebe elimuncwa ngumzimba wakho: Lokhu kulinganiswa ngamayunithi abizwa ngokuthi "amaGrey (Gy)." Uma umthamo uphakeme, umonakalo uba mkhulu.
- Isikhathi sokuchayeka: Ukuthola umthamo omkhulu ngesikhathi esifushane kuyingozi kakhulu kunokuthola umthamo omncane, oqongelelwe emavikini amaningi (njengasesikhathini sokwelashwa komdlavuza ).
- Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umzimba wonke wawuvezwe noma ingxenye ethile kuphela: Ukuvezwa komzimba wonke kumthamo ophezulu kungaba yingozi phakathi kwamahora kuya ezinyangeni.
Cabanga ngamaseli omzimba wakho njengezindlu ezincane. Umthamo omncane wokukhanya ungase ube njengomonakalo omncane umzimba ongawulungisa. Kodwa-ke, ukushayiswa okukhulu kwemisebe kungazelelwe kufana nokubhubhisa lezo zindlu ngokuphelele—yilokho okwenzekayo kumaseli akho.
Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko ze-Radiation Sickness (ARS)?
Ngemva kokuchayeka ngokuzumayo emisebeni ephezulu, izifo ezintathu eziyinhloko (iqoqo lezimpawu) zingavela:
1. I-Cerebrovascular syndrome: Lokhu kuthinta ukugeleza kwegazi ebuchosheni bakho . Kwenzeka lapho umzimba wonke uthola umthamo omkhulu kakhulu wemisebe (ongaphezu kuka-30 Gy). Lesi yisimo esibucayi nesinzima.
2.Isifo sesisu (GI): Lokhu kubangela umonakalo ohlelweni lwakho lokugaya ukudla . Kungenzeka uma umzimba wonke uthola umthamo ophakathi kuka-6 no-30 Gy.
3. I-Hematopoietic syndrome: Lokhu kuthinta ikhono lomzimba wakho lokukhiqiza amaseli egazi . Lokhu kungenzeka ngomthamo womzimba wonke ongaba ngu-1 kuya ku-6 Gy.
Zonke izinhlobo ziyingozi, kodwa ubukhali bunqunywa umthamo wemisebe odonswayo.
Kuvamile kangakanani lokhu, futhi kufanele ukhathazeke?
Eqinisweni, izimo eziphuthumayo ze -radiological noma zenuzi (ezidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okusheshayo nge-911 noma izinsizakalo eziphuthumayo zendawo) azivamile kakhulu . Kodwa-ke, uma kwenzeka isenzakalo esinjalo, singathinta inani elikhulu labantu ngesikhathi esisodwa. Izehlakalo ezimbi kakhulu emlandweni zifaka phakathi amabhomu e-athomu awiswa eJapane ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe II kanye nenhlekelele yesitshalo saseChernobyl ka-1986. Ngaphandle kwalabo abashonile ngokushesha, izinkulungwane kamuva zafa ngenxa yomdlavuza obangelwa imisebe . Ngakho-ke, nakuba kungavamile, kuyisenzakalo esibi kakhulu uma senzeka.
Ziyini izimpawu futhi ungazibona kanjani?
Izimpawu zokuchayeka emisebeni zingavela cishe ngokushesha, noma zingase zivele ezinsukwini, amasonto, noma ngisho nezinyanga kamuva. Nakuba izimpawu ziyahlukahluka kuye ngesifo, nazi izimpawu zokuqala ezivamile :
- Ukukhathala okukhulu kanye nobuthakathaka
- Isicanucanu nokuhlanza (ngezinye izikhathi okuhlanganisa ukuhlanza igazi )
- Ukopha okuphuma empondweni (indle enegazi)
- Uhudo
- Imfiva
- Ukudideka noma ukudideka
- Ukulahlekelwa izinwele
- Ukucasuka kwesikhumba, ukubomvu, ukuvuvukala, noma umuzwa oshisayo
Lezi yizibonakaliso zokuqala zesixwayiso. Ngemva kwalokhu, izimpawu nezinkinga ezihlobene nezifo ezithile okuxoxwe ngazo ekuqaleni zizoqala ukuvela kancane kancane.
Yiziphi izigaba zesifo somdlavuza?
I-Acute Radiation Syndrome (ARS) iqhubeka ngezigaba eziningana ezihlukene, okuhlanganisa:
1. Isigaba se-Prodromal: Izimpawu zokuqala (ezifana nokucasuka nokuhlanza) zivame ukuqala noma kuphi kusukela emizuzwini embalwa kuya ezinsukwini ezimbili ngemva kokuchayeka kwakho emisebeni.
2. Isigaba esingabonakali sokungabi nazimpawu:Lesi kungaba yisigaba esikhohlisayo. Ngemva kokuba izimpawu zokuqala seziphelile, ungase uzizwe sengathi usululame, kodwa lesi sikhathi sokungabi nazimpawu singahlala kusukela emahoreni ambalwa kuya ezinsukwini ezingu-21.
3. Isigaba sokugula kwesistimu: Lesi yisikhathi lapho izimpawu ezinzima kanye nezinguquko ezibalulekile zomzimba zivela khona. Kuye ngohlobo lwesifo, lesi sigaba singaqala noma kuphi kusukela emahoreni ambalwa kuya ezinsukwini ezingama-60 ngemva kokuchayeka emisebeni.
Yini ebangela i-Acute Radiation Syndrome?
I-Nirogi Lanka ikukhumbuza ukuthi i-Acute Radiation Syndrome (ARS) ibangelwa kakhulu ukuchayeka ngqo emithanjeni ephezulu yemisebe noma ukungcoliswa kwangaphandle/kwangaphakathi ngezinto ezikhipha imisebe. Nakuba imithanjeni ephansi yemisebe ingaphazamisa ikhono lamaseli akho lokulungisa noma ukuhlukanisa, imithanjeni ephezulu ibangela ukufa kwamaseli .
Ungavezwa ngqo ngezigameko ezifana nokuqhuma kwenyukliya, izingozi zemisebe, noma ukuphuma kwemisebe ngenxa yokuhlolwa kwezikhali zenuzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungase ungcoliswe ukudla noma amanzi aqukethe izinto ezinemisebe, noma ngokuthinta isikhumba ngqo nezinto ezinemisebe.
Ingabe i-ARS iyathelelana?
Lokhu kuyinto evamile ukukhathazeka. Uma umuntu evezwe emisebeni eminingi futhi ehlanzwe kahle —okusho ukuthi izingubo zakhe zisusiwe futhi isikhumba sakhe sihlanziwe kahle—akasenawo ubungozi bokushayiswa yimisebe kuwe, njengoba imisebe ingaphakathi emzimbeni wakhe.
Kodwa-ke, ukuba seduze nomuntu ongazange ahlanzwe ngokungcola kukubeka engcupheni yokuthola ubuthi bemisebe . Isibonelo, abaphenduli bokuqala besimo esiphuthumayo babhekene nengozi enkulu ezimweni ezinjalo.
I-ARS itholakala kanjani?
Odokotela baxilonga i-ARS ngokucabangela izici eziningana:
- Umlando Wokuchayeka: Imininingwane mayelana nokuthi lesi sigameko senzeke kanjani futhi nini.
- Izimpawu Nezimpawu: Izikhalazo zakho ezithile, ukuthi zaqala nini, kanye nobunzima bazo.
- Ukuhlolwa Kwelabhorethri: Ikakhulukazi i- Complete Blood Count (CBC) , eqashwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ukuze kutholakale umthamo wakho wemisebe futhi kubikezelwe ukubikezela kwakho.
Uma kusolwa ukuthi kukhona ukungcola, abasebenzi bezokwelapha bazosebenzisa ikhawunta yeGeiger-Muller ukuskena umzimba wakho wonke ukuthola imisebe e-ionisayo. Ukuze bahlole ukungcola kwangaphakathi, bangasebenzisa ama-swabs avela ezindlebeni zakho, emlonyeni, noma emanxebeni, futhi bangahlola nomchamo wakho kanye nendle yakho ukuthola ukuthi kukhona yini ukukhishwa kwemisebe.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha?
Ukwelashwa kuncike ebunzimeni bokuchayeka. Ezimweni eziphuthumayo, amaqembu ezokwelapha abeka phambili ukunakekelwa ngokusekelwe engcupheni eseduze empilweni yakho.
Ukwelashwa okujwayelekile kufaka phakathi:
- Ukuhlanza:Ukususa izingubo nokugeza isikhumba kahle ukuze kuvinjelwe ukusabalalisa imisebe kwabanye.
- Izinqubo zokuhlinzwa: Zenziwa uma unezinhlungu ezisongela ukuphila.
- Ukunakekelwa okusekelayo: Kubandakanya uketshezi olufakwa emthanjeni, ama-electrolyte, ukuphathwa kobuhlungu bokusha noma ukulimala, kanye nama-antibiotic ukuvimbela noma ukwelapha izifo.
- Ukuvimbela umdlavuza we-thyroid: Odokotela bavame ukunikeza izingane nabesifazane abakhulelwe amaphilisi e-potassium iodide ukuvimbela i-thyroid ukuthi ingamunci i-iodine enemisebe.
- Ukuphathwa kokuhlukumezeka kwengqondo: Ukuchayeka emisebeni kungaba yinto ebuhlungu kakhulu. Sinikeza ukwelashwa kwengqondo , futhi uma kudingeka, imithi yokukusiza ubhekane nakho.
Ingabe ukugula ngemisebe kungavinjelwa?
Nakuba ungeke ukwazi ukuvimbela njalo ukuchayeka emisebeni engalindelekile, iNirogi Lanka ikweluleka ukuthi uthathe lezi zinyathelo uma kunesimo esiphuthumayo senuzi:
- Phuma ngokushesha: Shiya indawo ethintekile yimisebe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka futhi ungaphindi ungene.
- Susa ukungcola: Susa izingubo ezingcolile ngokushesha bese uzivala esitsheni. Geza umzimba wakho kahle usebenzisa insipho namanzi.
- Funa usizo lwezokwelapha: Xhumana nezinsizakalo eziphuthumayo (911) ukuze uthole usizo olusheshayo.
Uyini umbono wesikhathi eside?
Ukubikezela kwakho ngemva kokugula ngemisebe kuncike ezintweni eziningana ezibalulekile:
- Inani eliphelele lemisebe umzimba wakho oyimunce.
- Ububanzi bendawo yomzimba wakho obuthintekayo ngenxa yokuchayeka.
- Ukuthi usheshe kangakanani ukuthola ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha kochwepheshe.
Ukugula ngemisebe kuyisimo esisongela impilo. Ngokuvamile, uma ubhekene nomthamo omkhulu wemisebe, kulapho ukugula kuqhubeka khona ngokushesha futhi izinga lokusinda liyancipha.
Ngisho nakulabo abasinda ekuvezweni kokuqala, kunengozi yezinkinga zesikhathi eside . Ungase ubhekane nengozi eyengeziwe yokuthola umdlavuza othile, njenge -leukemia kanye nomdlavuza we-thyroid , kamuva ekuphileni.
Kunini lapho kufanele ufune khona usizo lwezokwelapha?
Uma usola ukuthi uke wavezwa amazinga aphezulu emisebe, lesi yisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha esidinga ukunakekelwa kochwepheshe ngokushesha . Suka emthonjeni wemisebe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka bese ushayela u-911 noma izinsizakalo eziphuthumayo zasendaweni yakho ukuze uthole usizo oluphuthumayo.
Izinto Ezibalulekile Okufanele Uzikhumbule: Okudingeka Uzikhumbule
Sixoxe ngezici ezibalulekile zokugula ngemisebe. Nazi izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okufanele uzikhumbule:
- Ukugula ngemisebe kuyisimo esibi kakhulu, esisongela ukuphila esibangelwa ukuchayeka emithanjeni ephezulu yemisebe e-ionizing.
- Nakuba izehlakalo ezinjalo zingavamile kakhulu , imiphumela yezempilo inzima kakhulu.
- Izimpawu zokuqala zivame ukuhlanganisa ukukhathala okukhulu, isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, isifo sohudo, umkhuhlane kanye nokulahlekelwa izinwele.
- Uma uhilelekile esigamekweni sokukhishwa kwemisebe, susa izingubo zakho bese ugeza isikhumba sakho kahle ngensipho namanzi ukuze uzihlanze ngokushesha okukhulu.
- Bese, funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha . Ukungenelela kusenesikhathi kubalulekile ekuthuthukiseni amathuba akho okusinda.
Sithemba ukuthi lolu lwazi oluvela eNirogi Lanka luzoba usizo. Ukuhlala unolwazi kuyisinyathelo sokuqala sokuhlala uphephile. Sicela uzinakekele!
Amagama angukhiye: Ukugula Ngemisebe, I-Acute Radiation Syndrome, i-ARS, I-Ionizing Radiation, Ukuvezwa Ngemisebe, Izimpawu Zemisebe, Isimo Esiphuthumayo Senyukliya
