Ake sifunde ngesifo sokukhishwa kwemisebe esibangelwa ukuchayeka emithanjeni ephezulu yemisebe!

Sonke siyesaba kancane igama elithi “ Imisebe ”, akunjalo? Ngezinye izikhathi sicabanga ukuthi lokhu kuyinto eyingozi kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, namuhla ngeke sikhulume ngemisebe evamile. Sikhuluma ngesimo sempilo esingathi sína esingase senzeke uma umzimba wethu ubhekene nokushisa okuphezulu kakhulu, okungukuthi, imithamo ephezulu yemisebe. Yilokhu odokotela abakubiza ngokuthi “Ukugula Ngemisebe” noma `(Ukugula Ngemisebe)`. Abanye abantu bakubiza nangokuthi `( I-Acute Radiation Syndrome – ARS)`. Lokhu kuyinto engaba yingozi empilweni ngempela. Ngakho-ke, ake sithole okwengeziwe ngalokhu, akunjalo?

Kuyini lokhu okubizwa ngokuthi ukugula ngemisebe? Kalula nje…

Kalula nje, lesi yisifo esibi esibangelwa ukuchayeka emazingeni aphezulu emisebe ye-ionizing, kungaba ngesikhathi esisodwa noma esikhathini esifushane. Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa ukuthi imisebe ye-ionizing isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza amandla kwezinye izimboni, iziteshi zikagesi, kanye nezinhlelo zempi. Iphinde isetshenziswe ngemithamo emincane kakhulu, elawulwayo kwezinye izindlela zokwelapha, njengokwelashwa ngemisebe kweziguli ezinomdlavuza .

Kodwa-ke, ukugula ngemisebe kuvame ukuhlotshaniswa nokuchayeka ngokuzumayo nangokubi kakhulu emisebeni. Cabanga ngale ndlela, njengengozi esiteshini samandla enuzi. Ubunzima balesi simo buxhomeke ezintweni eziningana:

• Inani lemisebe elimuncwa ngumzimba wakho: Lokhu kulinganiswa ngamayunithi abizwa ngokuthi “amaGrey” (Gy). Uma inani liphezulu, umonakalo uba mkhulu.
• Isikhathi osithole emisebeni ngaso: Umthamo omkhulu esikhathini esifushane uyingozi kakhulu kunomthamo omncane emavikini endaweni efanayo yomzimba (njengokwelashwa komdlavuza ).
• Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umzimba wonke wawuvezwe noma uyingxenye nje yomzimba: Uma umzimba wonke uvezwe emisebeni eminingi ngesikhathi esisodwa, kungabangela ukufa zingakapheli amahora ambalwa noma ngisho nezinyanga.

Cabanga ngamaseli emizimbeni yethu njengezindlu ezincane. Uma evezwa inani elincane lemisebe, lezo zindlu zingenza ukulungiswa okuncane. Kodwa uma kufika ukuhlaselwa okukhulu kwemisebe ngokuzumayo, kunjengokungathi lezo zindlu zibhujiswe ngokuphelele.

Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko zesifo sokukhishwa kwemisebe (i-ARS)?

Ngemva kokuchayeka kanye emisebeni ephezulu, izifo ezintathu eziyinhloko (okungukuthi, iqoqo lezimpawu) zingavela.

1. I-Cerebrovascular syndrome: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho ukugeleza kwegazi kuya ebuchosheni bakho kuthinteka . Lokhu kwenzeka lapho umzimba wonke uthola umthamo omkhulu kakhulu wemisebe (ongaphezu kwama-30 Grays (>30 Gy)). Lesi yisimo esibi kakhulu.

2. Isifo sesisu (GI): Lokhu kuwukulimala ohlelweni lwakho lokugaya ukudla . Lesi simo singavela uma uthola umthamo wokukhanya womzimba ophelele ophakathi kuka-6 no-30 Grays (cishe u-6-30 Gy).

3. I-Hematopoietic syndrome: Lokhu kuthinta ukukhiqizwa kwazo zonke izinhlobo zamaseli egazi emzimbeni wethu. Lokhu kungenzeka uma umzimba wonke uthola umthamo wokukhanya ophakathi kuka-1 no-6 Grey (cishe u-1-6 Gy).

Zonke lezi zinhlobo ziyingozi, kodwa ubukhali bunqunywa umthamo wemisebe.

Kuvamile kangakanani lokhu? Ingabe kufanele sesabe?

Eqinisweni, izimo eziphuthumayo ze-radiological noma zenuzi ezingaholela ekuguleni ngemisebe azivamile . Kodwa uma zenzeka, zingathinta inani elikhulu labantu ngesikhathi esisodwa. Izehlakalo ezimbi kakhulu esizikhumbulayo ukuqhuma kwamabhomu e-athomu eJapan ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe II kanye nenhlekelele yaseChernobyl ngo-1986. Ngaphezu kwalabo abafa ngokushesha, izinkulungwane zabantu kamuva zafa ngenxa yomdlavuza obangelwa yimisebe. Ngakho-ke, nakuba lokhu kungavamile, kubi kakhulu uma kwenzeka.

Ziyini izimpawu zesifo sokukhishwa kwemisebe? Uzibona kanjani?

Izimpawu zingase ziqale ngokushesha ngemva kokuchayeka emisebeni, noma zingase zivele ezinsukwini, amasonto, noma ngisho nezinyanga kamuva. Nakuba izimpawu ziyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lwesifo okukhulunywe ngaso ngenhla, kunezinye izimpawu zokuqala ezivamile :

• Ukuzizwa ukhathele kakhulu futhi ubuthakathaka
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza (mhlawumbe ukuhlanza igazi )
• Ukopha kwegazi endulwini (indle enegazi)
• Uhudo (ukuqunjelwa)
• Imfiva
• Ukuzizwa udidekile, udidekile
• Ukulahlekelwa izinwele
• Ubuhlungu besikhumba, ukushintsha kombala, ukuvuvukala, noma umuzwa oshisayo

Lezi yizimpawu zokuqala ezibonakala. Ngemuva kwalokho, izimpawu nezinkinga ziqala ukuvela kancane kancane, ezihlobene nezifo ezintathu okuxoxwe ngazo ngaphambili.

Yiziphi izigaba zokugula ngemisebe?

Kunezigaba eziningana ezihlukene ze-acute radiation syndrome (ARS). Lezi yizi:

1. Isigaba se-Prodromal: Izimpawu zokuqala (njengokucanuzela nokuhlanza okukhulunywe ngakho ngenhla) ziqala zingakapheli imizuzu embalwa kuya ezinsukwini ezimbili ngemva kokuchayeka emisebeni.

2. Isigaba sokungabonakali kwezimpawu: Lesi yisikhathi esingavamile. Ngemva kokuba izimpawu zokuqala seziphelile, ungadlula kusukela emahoreni ambalwa kuya ezinsukwini ezingaba ngu-21 ungenazo izimpawu. Ungase uzizwe sengathi usululame kulesi sifo.

3. Isigaba sokugula okujwayelekile: Yilapho kuqala khona izimpawu ezinzima kanye nezinguquko emzimbeni. Lokhu kungaqala phakathi kwamahora ambalwa kuya ngaphansi kwezinsuku ezingama-60 zokuchayeka. Izimpawu ziyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lwesifo.

Kungani kuvela ukugula ngemisebe? Ziyini izimbangela?

Imbangela eyinhloko yalesi sifo sokukhishwa kwemisebe "i-Acute Radiation Syndrome" ukuchayeka ngqo ezintweni ezikhipha imisebe emithanjeni ephezulu noma ukungcola kwazo "(ukungcola) . Cabanga ngalokhu ngale ndlela: Imithanjeni ephansi yemisebe ingaphazamisa izinhlelo zokulungisa, ukukhula, kanye nokuhlukana kwamaseli ethu. Kodwa-ke, imithanjeni emikhulu ibangela ukuba amaseli afe .

Ukuchayeka ngqo kungenzeka ngenxa yezinto ezifana nokuqhuma kwenyukliya, izingozi zemisebe, kanye nokuphuma kwemisebe evela ekuhlolweni kwezikhali zenuzi. Ukungcola kungenzeka futhi ngokudla nokuphuza ukudla noma amanzi angcoliswe izinto ezinemisebe, kanye nokuxhumana kwesikhumba nezinto ezinemisebe.

Ingabe lesi yisifo esithelelanayo? `(Ingabe i-ARS iyathelela?)`

Lona umbuzo abantu abaningi abawubuzayo. Cabanga ukuthi uma umuntu evezwa imisebe eminingi bese "ehlanzwa" ngendlela efanele - okungukuthi, uma ekhumula izingubo zakhe futhi egeza umzimba wakhe kahle ngensipho - ngeke uthole imisebe evela kuye. Ngoba imisebe "ingaphakathi" emzimbeni wakhe.

Kodwa-ke, uma useduze nomuntu ongakahlanzwa, usengozini yokuthola ubuthi bemisebe . Isibonelo, abantu bokuqala abasabela esimweni esiphuthumayo senuzi basengozini enkulu.

Odokotela bakuthola kanjani lokhu?

Odokotela baxilonga isifo sokukhishwa kwemisebe ngokucabangela lezi zinto ezilandelayo:

• Umlando wokuchayeka emisebeni: Okusho ukuthi, imininingwane efana nokuthi uke wabhekana yini nesigameko esinjalo nokuthi senzeke kanjani.
• Izimpawu nezimpawu: Ziyini izimpawu zakho, zaqala nini, nokuthi zimbi kangakanani.
• Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwelabhorethri: ikakhulukazi inani legazi eliphelele (i-CBC)Ngokwenza izinto ezinjengalezi, sibheke imiphumela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, singabikezela umthamo wemisebe nokuthi hlobo luni lwezinto ezingalindelwa esikhathini esizayo (isibikezelo).

Uma kukhona ukusolakala kokungcola ngezinto ezikhipha imisebe, odokotela basebenzisa idivayisi ebizwa ngokuthi i-Geiger-Muller counter ukuhlola umzimba wonke ukuthi unemisebe e-ionisayo nokuthi ingakanani ekhona. Ukuze kuhlolwe izinto ezikhipha imisebe ezingene emzimbeni, ama-swabs athathwa ezindaweni ezifana nezindlebe, umlomo, namanxeba bese ehlolwa ngale counter. Ngezinye izikhathi umchamo nendle kungahlolwa ngisho nokuthi kukhona yini i-radioactivity.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha lokhu?

Ukwelashwa kwesifo sokukhishwa kwemisebe kuyahlukahluka kuye ngobunzima baso. Ngenxa yokuthi ukuchayeka okukhulu kangaka kwemisebe kwenzeka esimweni esiphuthumayo, odokotela kanye nezinsizakalo eziphuthumayo babeka phambili ukwelashwa ngokusekelwe ebunzimeni bezimpawu kanye nokulimala.

Okulandelayo yizindlela zokwelapha ezivamile:

• Ukuhlanza: Ukususa izingubo zakho nokugeza umzimba wakho kahle kuvimbela ukusabalala kwemisebe kwabanye. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu.
• Izinqubo zokuhlinzwa: Uma kukhona ukulimala okusongela ukuphila, kungase kudingeke ukuhlinzwa.
• Ukunakekelwa kokusekela: Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukunikeza umzimba uketshezi kanye nama-electrolyte owadingayo, ukunikeza imithi yokunciphisa ubuhlungu bokusha noma okunye ukulimala, kanye nokunikeza ama-antibiotic uma kunezimpawu zokutheleleka.
• Ukuvimbela umdlavuza we-thyroid: Odokotela bavame ukuncoma amaphilisi e-potassium iodide kubo bonke abantwana nabesifazane abakhulelwe abaye bavezwa imisebe. Lokhu kuvimbela ukumuncwa kwe-iodine enemisebe e-thyroid.
• Ukuphathwa kokuhlukumezeka kwengqondo: Lokhu kungaba ukuhlukumezeka okukhulu kwengqondo uma ubhekene nento efana nale. Lokhu kungelashwa ngokwelashwa kwengqondo ( ukwelashwa ngokukhuluma) kanye, uma kudingeka, imithi.

Ingabe zikhona izindlela zokugwema ukugula ngemisebe? (Ukuvimbela)

Akukho lutho esingakwenza ukuvimbela ukuchayeka okungalindelekile emisebeni ephezulu kanye nesifo sokukhishwa kwemisebe. Kodwa-ke, kunezinyathelo ezithile ongazithatha ukuze uzivikele uma kwenzeka isimo esiphuthumayo senuzi:

• Shiya indawo yokuchayeka ngokushesha: Shiya indawo yokuchayeka kwemisebe ngokushesha okukhulu. Ungaphindi ungene.
• Susa ukungcola emzimbeni ngokushesha: Susa izingubo ezingcolile ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka bese uzibeka esitsheni esivalwe kahle. Geza umzimba wakho kahle ngensipho namanzi.
• Funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha: Kubalulekile ukufuna usizo lwezokwelapha oluphuthumayo ngokushesha okukhulu.

Kuzokwenzekani uma lokhu kwenzeka? Ingabe kuzolunga? `(Isibikezelo)`

Umbono wesifo sokukhishwa kwemisebe uncike ezintweni eziningana:

• Umzimba wakho umunca imisebe engakanani.
• Ukuthi umzimba wakho uthinteke kangakanani.
• Ukuthi ukwazile yini ukuthola ukwelashwa ngokushesha.

Ukugula ngemisebe kuvame ukuba yisimo esibulalayo. Njengoba umthamo wemisebe ukhuphuka, isikhathi sokufa siyancipha.

Kodwa-ke, ngisho nabasindile bangaba nezinkinga zesikhathi eside . Ikakhulukazi, kunengozi eyengeziwe yokuthola umdlavuza obangelwa imisebe, njenge -leukemia kanye nomdlavuza we-thyroid .

Kunini lapho kufanele sifune khona iseluleko sezokwelapha?

Uma ubhekene nomthamo omkhulu wemisebe, kuhlale kuyisimo esiphuthumayo futhi kudinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okusheshayo . Suka emthonjeni wemisebe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka futhi uthole usizo ngokushesha okukhulu.

Ngakho-ke, yiziphi izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okudingeka sizikhumbule? (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kulungile, sesikhulume kakhulu ngokugula ngemisebe. Nazi ezinye izinto ezibalulekile okufanele uzikhumbule:

• Isifo sokukhishwa kwemisebe yisimo esibi kakhulu, esisongela ukuphila esibangelwa ukuchayeka emithanjeni ephezulu yemisebe.
• Izinto ezinjengalezi azivamile ukwenzeka, kodwa uma zisenzeka, imiphumela iba mibi kakhulu.
• Izimpawu zokuqala zingase zihlanganise ukukhathala okukhulu, isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, isifo sohudo, umkhuhlane kanye nokulahlekelwa izinwele .
• Uma uhlangabezana nesigameko semisebe, uma kungenzeka, qala ngokukhumula izingubo zakho, ugeze umzimba wakho kahle ngensipho namanzi, bese "ususa ukungcola "
• Bese, funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha , njengoba ukwelashwa kusenesikhathi kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi kusindise impilo yakho.

Ngiyethemba ukuthi lolu lwazi luwusizo kuwe. Kubalulekile njalo ukuqaphela izinto ezinjengalezi. Qaphela!

Ukugula Ngemisebe , Isifo Sokushisa Ngemisebe Esibukhali, i-ARS, imisebe e-ionizing, ukuchayeka emisebeni, izimpawu zemisebe, izimo eziphuthumayo zenyukliya