Ubona izinto ezinhle kuleli zwe, ubona ubuso babathandekayo bakho, futhi ufunda incwadi ngamehlo akho, akunjalo? Amehlo ethu ayindalo emangalisayo ngempela. Njengekhamera yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu. Ngakho-ke ngaphakathi kwale khamera, kukhona ifilimu eguqula ukukhanya kube isithombe, noma inzwa kumakhamera amasha. Kwezokwelapha, lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi i-retina . Namuhla, ake sifunde kabanzi ngalesi simangaliso esincane esibalulekile ekuboneni kwakho.
Kalula nje, iyini i-retina?
I-retina iyingqimba encane kakhulu futhi ezwelayo yamangqamuzana ezinzwa ngemuva kwebhola leso lakho. Uma ubheka okuthile, ukukhanya okuvela kuleyo nto kungena esweni lakho bese kuwela ngqo kule retina.
Zicabange ubheka imbali enhle. Imisebe yokukhanya ebonakala embalini idlula ilensi yeso lakho bese igxila ku-retina. Bese kwenzeka into emangalisayo. Amaseli akhethekile ku-retina (esiwabiza ngokuthi ama- photoreceptor ) aguqula lokhu kukhanya kube izimpawu zemizwa kagesi. Njengoba nje inzwa yekhamera iguqula ukukhanya kube idatha yedijithali.
Bese lezi zimpawu zemizwa ziya ngqo ebuchosheni ngenzwa ekhethekile ebizwa ngokuthi i-optic nerve. Ubuchopho buhlaziya lezi zimpawu bese bukutshela ukuthi, "Oh... lena yi-red rose." Yonke le nqubo yenzeka ngokuphazima kweso. Akumangalisi yini?
Okusho ukuthi, i-retina ifana nebhuloho elibaluleke kakhulu phakathi kweso nobuchopho. Uma leli bhuloho lonakele ngisho nakancane, indlela esibona ngayo umhlaba ingashintsha, okubangela amabala amnyama ekuboneni kwethu, noma ngisho nokulahlekelwa umbono ngokuphelele.
Yiziphi izingxenye ezimbili eziyinhloko ze-retina?
I-retina yethu ingahlukaniswa izingxenye ezimbili eziyinhloko. Zombili zinemisebenzi ehlukene.
1. I-Macula: Lena yingxenye encane ye-retina ephakathi nendawo enikeza umbono obukhali kakhulu. I-macula ikusiza ukuthi wenze izinto ezinhle njengokufunda incwadi ngokucacile, ukubona isimo sobuso, ukushayela imoto, nokufaka inaliti. Le ngxenye ibaluleke kakhulu futhi ekuboneni imibala ngokucacile.
2. I-Peripheral Retina: Lena yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi indawo enkulu ezungeze i-macula. Le ngxenye isinika umbono ongaphandle. Zicabange uhamba emgwaqweni ubheke phambili. Ungambona kahle umuntu ophambi kwakho ngenxa ye-macula. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, awukwazi ukubona ibhasi noma ibhayisikili livela eceleni. Lowo mbono ongaphandle unikezwa yi-peripheral retina. Yile ngxenye futhi ekusiza ukuthi ubone izinto ebumnyameni.
Izifo nezimo ezivamile ezithinta i-retina
Ngeshwa, kunezifo eziningana ezingalimaza i-retina yethu eyigugu. Ezinye zalezi zingaholela ekulahlekelweni umbono unomphela uma zingelashwa ngokushesha. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuqaphela lokhu.
| Isimo sezokwelapha | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| Ukonakala kwe-Macular okuhlobene nobudala | Umbono ophakathi (umbono uma ubheka phambili) uba lufiphale njengoba i-macula iba buthaka ngokuguga. |
| I-Retinopathy ehlobene nesifo sikashukela | Isifo sikashukela silimaza imithambo yegazi ku-retina. Lokhu kuyimbangela enkulu yokulahlekelwa umbono. |
| I-Hypertensive Retinopathy (isifo samehlo esibangelwa umfutho wegazi ophakeme) | Ukulimala kwemithambo yegazi ku-retina ngenxa yomfutho wegazi ophakeme ongalawuleki. |
| Ukuhlukaniswa Kwe-Retinal Nezinyembezi | I-retina iyasuka ezicutshini ezingaphansi. Lesi yisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha. |
| Imbobo Ye-Macular / I-Macular Pucker | Umbono ophambene (njengokubona imigqa eqondile) ngenxa yembobo encane noma imibimbi ku-macula. |
| Ukopha Kwe-Retinal - Ukopha Okubangelwa Yigazi | Imithambo yegazi ye-retinal iyaqhuma futhi yophe ngezizathu ezahlukene. |
| Ukuvaleka Kwemithambo Ye-Retinal/Imithambo Yemithambo | Ukuvaleka komthambo wegazi ohambisa igazi esweni. Lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi "ukushaya kwamehlo." |
| I-Retinitis Pigmentosa | Isimo sofuzo esinciphisa kancane kancane umbono ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. |
| I-Solar Retinopathy | Ukubuka ilanga ngqo ngaphandle kokuzivikela kungabangela umonakalo ku-retina. |
| Umdlavuza Wamehlo | Isibonelo, i-retinoblastoma, eyenzeka ezinganeni ezincane. |
Yiziphi izimpawu ezibonisa inkinga ye-retina?
Uma ubona noma yiluphi ushintsho emehlweni akho noma ekuboneni, ungalushayi indiva. Uma unesinye noma ngaphezulu kwalezi zimpawu ezilandelayo, bona udokotela, ikakhulukazi udokotela wamehlo, ngokushesha okukhulu.
| Isibonakaliso | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Umbono ofiphele noma osontekile | Ukungaboni izinto ngokucacile, ukubona imigqa eqondile. |
| Umbono Womhubhe | Kufana nokubuka ngepayipi, izinhlangothi zombili zombono zinyamalale. |
| Ama-Eye Floater | Ukuzizwa sengathi izinto ezifana ne-spider web, amachashazi, noma imigqa ziyantanta phambi kwamehlo akho. Khathazeka, ikakhulukazi uma lokhu kwanda ngokuzumayo . |
| Ukukhanya Kwamehlo | Ukubona ukukhanya ekhoneni leso lakho, njengombani noma i-flash yekhamera. |
| Izindawo Ezingaboni / Ikhethini | Ezinye izingxenye zalokho okubukayo ziyanyamalala noma umuzwa ofana nesikrini esimnyama uwela phambi kwamehlo akho. |
| Umbono Ophindwe Kabili | Into eyodwa ibonakala sengathi ezimbili. |
| Ubunzima bokubheka ukukhanya (Ukuzwela Kokukhanya) | Ngisho nokukhanya okuvamile kuzwakala kukhanya kakhulu ukuba amehlo angakuthwala. |
Udokotela uyihlola kanjani i-retina?
Uma ubona udokotela wamehlo, uzosebenzisa izindlela ezahlukene ukuhlola i-retina yakho.
- Ukwanda: Udokotela wakho uzofaka amaconsi ambalwa omuthi esweni lakho ukuze andise i-pupil yakho ukuze ukwazi ukubona i-retina yakho ngokucacile. Umbono wakho ungase ufiphale kancane emahoreni ambalwa ngemva kwalokho.
- Ukuhlolwa Kwesibani Esiqhekekile: Kusetshenziswa imakroskopu ekhethekile kanye nokukhanya ukuhlola lonke ingaphambili leso, kusukela emuva kuya ku-retina.
- I-Fundoscopy / I-Ophthalmoscopy: Ithuluzi eliphathwa ngesandla elikhanyisa iso ukuze lihlole i-retina, i-optic nerve, kanye nemithambo yegazi.
- Izithombe ze-Fundus: Ikhamera ekhethekile ithatha izithombe ze-retina ezicacile. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ekuqapheni izimo zesifo.
Singayinakekela kanjani i-retina yethu?
Asisho ukuthi “vikela amehlo akho njengamehlo amabili” ngeze. Ngakho-ke, qiniseka ukuthi wenza lezi zinto ukuze ugcine ama-retina akho, avikela umbono wakho, ephilile.
- Hlola amehlo akho njalo: Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ugqoka izibuko noma cha, hlola amehlo akho kudokotela wamehlo okungenani kanye ngonyaka noma emibili .
- Uma unesifo sikashukela noma umfutho wegazi ophakeme: Njengoba lezi zifo zithinta amehlo ngqo, kubalulekile ukuthi uhlolwe amehlo akho kanye ngonyaka . Lawula isifo sakho njengoba udokotela wakho esincoma.
- Thola ukudla okunomsoco omuhle: Ukudla okucebile ngamavithamini A, C, E, kanye ne-zinc kuhle kakhulu emehlweni. Faka imifino eluhlaza (isipinashi, i-kale), izaqathi, ubhatata, amawolintshi, kanye nenhlanzi ekudleni kwakho.
- Gcina isisindo esinempilo: Ukulawula isisindo somzimba kusiza ekuvikeleni ezifweni ezifana nesifo sikashukela kanye nomfutho wegazi ophakeme.
- Vikela amehlo akho elangeni: Gqoka izibuko zelanga ezinhle ezivikela emisebeni ye-UV uma uphuma ngaphandle. Ungabheki ilanga ngqo.
- Gqoka izibuko zokuphepha: Qiniseka ukuthi ugqoka izibuko zokuphepha ezimweni lapho kukhona ingozi emehlweni akho, njengalapho udlala imidlalo, ushisela, noma usebenza ngemishini.
- Ungashalazeli izinguquko embonweni wakho: Ngisho noma uzizwa sengathi umbono wakho uyawohloka kancane kancane, ungacabangi nje ukuthi kuwuphawu lokuguga. Bona udokotela ukuze uthole imbangela.
Izimo lapho udinga ukubona udokotela ngokushesha!
Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu. Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yikuphi kwalokhu okulandelayo, ungachithi isikhathi uye esibhedlela esiseduze i-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) . Lokhu kungaba izimpawu zesimo esiphuthumayo, njenge-retina ehlukanisiwe. Ukwelashwa okusheshayo kungasindisa ukubona kwakho.
Uma ulahlekelwa umbono wakho ngokuzumayo, uma ngokuzumayo uqala ukubona amabala amaningi amnyama entanta phambi kwamehlo akho, uma uqhubeka ubona ukukhanya okunjengombani, noma uma uzizwa sengathi ikhethini elimnyama liyawa phambi kwamehlo akho, hamba esibhedlela ngokushesha.
Ukungazinaki lezi zimpawu kungaholela ngisho nasekungaboni unomphela. Ngakho-ke ungesabi, ungesabi, futhi funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha okukhulu.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-retina yingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yeso, etholakala ngemuva kweso, eguqula ukukhanya kube izimpawu zemizwa bese izithumela ebuchosheni. Kufana nenzwa ekhamera.
- Ungaba nombono ocacile nobukhali kuphela uma i-retina yakho iphilile.
- Isifo sikashukela kanye nomfutho wegazi ophezulu yizifo ezingalimaza kakhulu i-retina. Uma unalezi zifo, kubalulekile ukuthi uhlolwe amehlo akho okungenani kanye ngonyaka.
- Uma ngokuzumayo uzwa izimpawu ezifana namabala amnyama antanta phambi kwamehlo akho, ukukhanya okukhanyayo, noma isikrini esimnyama esimboza ingxenye yokubona kwakho, kuyisimo esiphuthumayo. Yiya eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo wesibhedlela (ETU) ngokushesha.
- Ungashalazeli noma yiziphi izinguquko embonweni wakho, noma ngabe zihamba kancane kancane. Bona udokotela wamehlo ukuze uthole iseluleko. Ukuvikela umbono wakho oyigugu kusezandleni zakho.
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