I-Rh factor egazini lakho ikuthinta kanjani ukukhulelwa? Ake sithole!

Uma ungumama okhulelwe, noma uma usuvele ukhulelwe umntwana, kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa ngokuhlolwa kwegazi okuningi okuzokwenziwa udokotela wakho ekuhlolweni kwakho kokuqala. Okunye okubaluleke kakhulu kwalokhu ukuhlolwa kwe-Rh factor. Lokhu kungase kubonakale kudida futhi kusha kuwe. Kodwa ungakhathazeki , namuhla sizoxoxa ngokuthi iyini i-Rh factor nokuthi ibaluleke kanjani kuwe nakumntanakho ngendlela elula neqondakalayo.

Iyini i-Rh factor? Masiyiqonde kalula!

Kalula nje, i-Rh factor iyiprotheni ekhethekile ebusweni bamaseli akho abomvu egazi. Kuyinto oyizuza njengefa kubazali bakho, njengokuphakama kwakho noma umbala wesikhumba sakho.

• Uma unale phrotheni emangqamuzaneni akho abomvu egazi, une -Rh-positive .
• Uma ungenayo le phrotheni emangqamuzaneni akho abomvu egazi, une -Rh-negative .

Cabanga ngakho, iningi labantu emhlabeni, cishe amaphesenti angama-85 (85%) abo, bane-Rh-positive . Ngakho-ke uma une-Rh-positive, leso yisimo esivamile.

Sonke siyazi ngezinhlobo zethu zegazi. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zegazi: A, B, AB, kanye no-O. Lezi zinhlobo zegazi "zilungile (+)" noma "zingalungile (-)" kuye ngokuthi i-Rh factor yakho ilungile. Isibonelo, uma uhlobo lwegazi lakho luyi-A kanti i-Rh factor yakho ilungile, uhlobo lwegazi lakho luyi-"A lungile." Njalo njalo:

• Okubi
• B Okuhle
• B Okubi
• O Okuhle
• O Okubi
• I-AB Enhle
• I-AB Negative

Into ebalulekile ukuthi i-Rh factor yakho ayithinti impilo yakho iyonke noma ibangele noma yiziphi izinkinga. Kumane kuyisici segazi lakho.

Kungani i-Rh factor ibalulekile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa?

Ngisho noma i-Rh factor yakho ingenawo umthelela empilweni yakho evamile, kufanele ukhathazeke ngalokhu uma ukhulelwe, ikakhulukazi uma ungenayo i-Rh .

Nakhu okwenzekayo:

Cabanga nje, ungumama ongenayo i-Rh (okusho ukuthi awunayo leyo phrotheni ekhethekile egazini lakho). Kodwa-ke, uma ingane esibelethweni ine-Rh-positive (okusho ukuthi ingane inayo leyo phrotheni egazini layo, eliyizuze kuyise), khona-ke kungavela inkinga encane. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi ukungavumelani kwe-Rh .

Ngalesi sikhathi, amasosha omzimba kamama angase aqaphele amangqamuzana abomvu egazi engane ane-Rh-positive “njengawangaphandle.” Njengoba nje amasosha omzimba ethu elwa negciwane lapho lingena emzimbeni wethu, umzimba kamama uqala ukwenza amasosha omzimba ngokumelene namangqamuzana abomvu egazi engane. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi i-Rh sensitization .

Kodwa ungakhathazeki! Imithi yesimanje inezindlela zokwelapha ezinhle zokuvimbela lesi simo.Udokotela wakho uzokunikeza umjovo obizwa ngokuthi i-immune globulin'' ukuze avimbele le nkinga ukuthi ingenzeki.

Igazi likamama nelomntwana lingaxubana kanjani?

Ngokuvamile, igazi likamama nelomntwana esibelethweni alihlangani ngqo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izimo ezikhethekile, inani elincane kakhulu legazi lomntwana lingahlangana negazi likamama. Lezi zimo zifaka:

• Ngesikhathi sokubeletha: Kungaba ukubeletha ngesitho sangasese sowesifazane noma ngokuhlinzwa.
• Ezinye izivivinyo ezikhethekile ezenziwa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa: isibonelo, izivivinyo ezifana ne-"amniocentesis" (ukuhlolwa koketshezi lwe-amniotic) noma i-"chorionic villus sampling - CVS" (ukuhlolwa kwengxenye ye-placenta).
• Uma uzwa ukopha kwesitho sangasese sowesifazane ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
• Uma kwenzeka ingozi enkulu noma ukulimala esiswini.
• Uma kwenzeka kuba nenkinga ekuqaleni kokukhulelwa, njengokuphuphuma kwesisu noma ukukhulelwa okungavamile.
• Ngemva kwenqubo ebizwa ngokuthi external cephalic version (ECV)'', esetshenziselwa ukujika umntwana uma esesimweni sokukhwehlela.

Ingane isengozini nini?

Ngokuvamile, ingane ayinazo izinkinga ezinkulu ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kokuqala kukamama ongenayo i-Rh. Isizathu salokhu ukuthi igazi likamama cishe lizohlangana negazi lomntwana ngesikhathi sokubeletha. Ngakho-ke, noma ngabe lawo ma-antibodies aqala ukwakheka, ingane izobe isizelwe ngaleso sikhathi. Kodwa-ke, udokotela wakho uzohlola i-Rh factor noma ngabe ukukhulelwa kwakho kokuqala.

Inkinga ingavela uma ukhulelwa okwesibili kanti ingane nayo ine-Rh-positive. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ungase ube nama-antibodies owawenza ngemva kokuthola umntwana wakho wokuqala. Ngemuva kwalokho, lawo ma-antibodies angawela i-placenta futhi aqale ukuhlasela amangqamuzana egazi abomvu ane-Rh-positive engane yesibili. Lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi isifo se-Rh . Lokhu kungaba yingozi kakhulu enganeni, ngisho nasengozini yokuphila .

Ubani osengozini yokungalingani kwe-Rh?

Le ngozi yenzeka lapho umama ongenayo i-Rh ethwele umntwana one-Rh . I-Rh factor yomntwana inqunywa izakhi zofuzo ezizuzwe kumama nakubaba.

• Uma umama ene-Rh-negative (-) kanti ubaba ene-Rh-positive (+):
• Ingane ingase ibe ne-Rh-positive (+) (khona-ke kukhona ingozi yokungavumelani).
• Ingane ingaba ne-Rh-negative (-) (lapho kungekho bungozi).
• Uma umama ene-Rh-negative (-) kanti ubaba naye ene-Rh-negative (-):
• Ingane izohlala ingenayo i-Rh (-). Ngakho-ke akukho bungozi.
• Uma umama ene-Rh-positive (+):
• Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ubaba une-Rh-positive (+) noma i-Rh-negative (-), umntwana ngeke abhekane nanoma yikuphi ukungalingani ngenxa ye-Rh factor kamama, ngoba umzimba kamama awukhiqizi ama-antibodies ngokumelene naleyo phrotheni "yangaphandle".

Ungazi kanjani i-Rh factor? (Ukuhlolwa kwe-Rh factor)

Lokhu kulula kakhulu. Uma ukhulelwa, ungathola ukuthi iyini i-Rh factor yakho ngokuhlolwa kwegazi okulula (uhlobo kanye nokuhlolwa) ngesikhathi sakho sokuqala sokukhulelwa. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu. Ngoba uma ungenayo i-Rh futhi ingane ine-Rh-positive, lokho kungahambisani kwe-Rh factor esikhulume ngakho kungenzeka.

Ukungalingani kwe-Rh kuhlonzwa futhi kwelashwa kanjani?

Uma ukhulelwa, udokotela wakho wokubeletha uzoqala ahlole ukuthi awunayo yini i-Rh-negative.

• Uma une-Rh-positive: Akukho nkinga. Akukho okunye ongakwenza.
• Uma ungenayo i-Rh futhi isikrini sakho se-antibody singenayo: Udokotela wakho uzokunikeza umjovo we-Rh immune globulin (ebizwa nangokuthi i-RhoGAM®) . Lokhu kunikezwa ukuvimbela ukwakheka kwalawo ma-antibodies.
• Lo mjovo uvame ukunikezwa kanye , cishe emavikini angama-28 okukhulelwa.
• Omunye umthamo unikezwa zingakapheli amahora angu-72 kusukela umntwana ezelwe (kuphela uma umntwana ene-Rh-positive).
• Ngezinye izikhathi, ngisho nasekuqaleni kokukhulelwa (isibonelo, uma uphuma igazi), uma udokotela ecabanga ukuthi igazi lakho nelomntwana wakho lingase lixutshwe, lo mjovo unganikezwa.

Lo muthi wokugomela i-(RhoGAM®) usebenza njengesivikelo . Uvimba umzimba wakho ekukhiqizeni lawo ma-antibodies ayingozi. Lo muthi wokugomela usebenza kahle kakhulu ekwelapheni ukungahambelani kwe-Rh. Ngakho-ke, ukuthola lesi simo ekuqaleni kokukhulelwa kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela izinkinga ezinkulu.

Kodwa-ke, uma usuvele unama-antibodies e-Rh (i-antibody screen positive), umuthi wokugomela i-RhoGAM® ngeke usize. Kuleso simo, odokotela bazokuqapha eduze wena nomntwana wakho phakathi nokukhulelwa kwakho. Kuye ngesimo somntwana, odokotela bangase banqume ukubeletha umntwana kusenesikhathi.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona ngenxa yokungavumelani kwe-Rh?

Ukungahambisani kwe-Rh akuthinti umama okhulelwe . Kodwa-ke, kungathinta ingane esibelethweni. Okuyinhloko yisimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-hemolytic anemia . Kalula nje, amangqamuzana abomvu egazi lomntwana abhujiswa ngokushesha kunalawo ashintshwayo.

Imiphumela ingaba mincane kuya kwengathi sína kakhulu. Ihlanganisa:

• I-Jaundice: Ukuphuzi kwesikhumba namehlo.
• Ukwehluleka kwesibindi .
• Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo .
• Ukuzalwa kwengane ifile .

Kodwa-ke, isikhathi esiningi, izingane ezinemiphumela emincane yesifo se-Rh azidingi ukwelashwa okukhethekile . Izingane ezinjalo ziyalulama ngokuphelele.

Ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu, umntwanaKungadingeka ukumpontshelwa igazi. Lokhu kusho ukunika umntwana igazi elisha. Izingane ezine-jaundice zingase zibekwe ngaphansi kokwelashwa okukhethekile kokukhanya (i-phototherapy) ukuze kuncishiswe izinga le-bilirubin, okubangela umbala ophuzi. Ingane ingadinga futhi ukubeletha kusenesikhathi ukuze kuvinjelwe i-anemia enzima.

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ngemva kokutholakala komjovo we-Rh immune globulin, ukwanda kwesifo se-Rh kwehle kakhulu.

Kwenzekani uma ama-antibodies ephela?

Uma umzimba kamama ongenayo i-Rh uphelelwe ama-antibodies, ukwelashwa ngomuthi wokugomela i-(Rh immune globulin) ngeke kusebenze. Yingakho sithi kubalulekile ukwazi i-Rh factor yakho bese uthola ukwelashwa ngokushesha okukhulu.

Ingabe ukungavumelani kwe-Rh kungavinjelwa?

Njengoba i-Rh factor iyisici sofuzo, asikwazi ukukhetha uhlobo lwe-Rh oluzotholwa yingane yethu. Kodwa-ke, indlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela le nkinga ukuthi umama azi i-Rh factor yakhe, futhi uma kudingeka, athole umuthi wokugomela i-(RhoGAM®) ngesikhathi esifanele.

Lokhu kumthinta kanjani umama ongenayo i-Rh? (Okokugcina, okudingeka ukwazi - Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Uma ungumama ongenayo i-Rh, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela lezi zinto.

Ungakhathazeki! Ngisho noma ungenayo i-Rh, uma uthola umuthi wokugomela i-(RhIg) ngemva kokuchayeka njalo egazini le-Rh (isb., ukubeletha, ukuhlolwa okuthile), unganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokuba ingane yakho ibe nesifo se-Rh. Khumbula, ukungavumelani kwe-Rh kuthinta impilo yengane yakho, hhayi eyakho.

Ngokubona i-Rh factor yakho kusenesikhathi, udokotela wakho angakunikeza umuthi wokugomela i-RhIg ngesikhathi esifanele. Leyo yindlela engcono kakhulu yokugcina ingane yakho iphilile.

Ukwazi isimo sakho se-Rh ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa (futhi mhlawumbe kusenesikhathi) kungasiza ekuvimbeleni izinkinga. Ngenhlanhla, udokotela wakho angahlola igazi lakho ekuqaleni kokukhulelwa kwakho ukuze anqume ukuthi une-Rh-positive noma i-Rh-negative. Ukungavumelani kwe-Rh kuyinkinga kuphela uma une-Rh-negative kanti ingane yakho ine-Rh-positive. Udokotela wakho angayilapha lokhu ngokukunika umjovo we-Rh immune globulin (RhIg).

Ngakho-ke, ungesabi noma ukhathazeke ngokungadingekile. Udokotela wakho uzokunakekela kahle wena nomntwana wakho, futhi uzokunikeza konke ukwelashwa okudingekayo. Okudingeka ukwenze nje ukulandela imiyalelo kadokotela ngqo bese uya kohlolwa njalo. Khona-ke uzoba nethuba elikhulu kakhulu lokuba nomntwana onempilo!

I- Rh factor, i-Rhesus factor, ukukhulelwa, uhlobo lwegazi, i-Rh negative, i-Rh positive, ukungavumelani kwe-Rh, ama-antibodies, i-RhoGAM, ingane