I-Rubella (Isimungumungwane saseJalimane): Uyazi ngalokhu? Ake sixoxe ngokuningiliziwe!

Cishe uyasikhumbula isifo esibangela umkhuhlane ophansi kanye nama-blister amancane abomvu ebusweni nasemzimbeni. Abanye abantu basibiza nangokuthi 'isimungumungwane saseJalimane'. Yilokho esizokhuluma ngakho namuhla, i-Rubella. Uma uqala ukubheka, ungase ucabange, 'O, lesi isimungumungwane esincane nje.' Kodwa-ke, lesi akusona isifo okufanele sithathwe kalula, ikakhulukazi uma sithinta umama okhulelwe, njengoba singaba yingozi kakhulu enganeni esibelethweni . Ngakho-ke, ake sifunde konke ngale rubella, akunjalo?

Iyini i-Rubella? Kalula nje...

I-Rubella yisifo esithathelwanayo . Sibangelwa yigciwane elibizwa ngokuthi `(i-RuV virus)`. Esinye sezimpawu eziyinhloko zalokhu ukuqubuka emzimbeni. Ukuze kube sobala, lokhu kuqubuka okubomvu kuqala ebusweni bakho bese kusakazeka emzimbeni wakho wonke. Yingakho abanye abantu beyibiza ngokuthi 'isisu saseJalimane' noma 'isisu sezinsuku ezintathu' . Kodwa-ke, lokhu akufani nesisu esivamile esisaziyo, kodwa igciwane elisibangelayo, igciwane le-rubella, lingcono. Ngakho-ke ungadidanisi lezi zifo ezimbili.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uma umama ethola i-rubella ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, umntwana angaba nezinkinga ezinkulu zempilo . Sizoxoxa ngalokho kamuva.

Iyini i-Congenital Rubella Syndrome (CRS)?

Lesi yisici esiyingozi kakhulu se-rubella. `(Congenital Rubella Syndrome)` noma `(CRS)` kusho ukuthi uma umama okhulelwe ethola i-rubella, igciwane lidlulela enganeni esibelethweni. Cabanga nje, uma lesi sifo sidluliselwa kusuka kumama kuya enganeni, ingane ingaba nezinkinga ezinkulu njengezinkinga zesikhumba, ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa, ukukhubazeka kokubona, isifo senhliziyo, kanye nezinkinga ezihlobene nokukhula kobuchopho ekuzalweni. Yingakho omama abakhulelwe kufanele baqaphele kakhulu ngalokhu.

Ingabe i-rubella kanye nesimungumungwane kuyinto efanayo?

Cha, lezi yizifo ezimbili ezahlukene . Nakuba izimpawu zifana, lezi zifo ezimbili zibangelwa izinhlobo ezimbili ezahlukene zamagciwane . Ngakho-ke kungcono ukungazididanisi lezi ezimbili, akunjalo?

Ubani othinteka kakhulu yi-rubella? Ivame kangakanani?

Empeleni, noma ubani angathola i-rubella. Kodwa njengoba sishilo ekuqaleni, umthelela omkhulu kakhulu usezinganeni ezizalwa omama abathola i-rubella ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, okubizwa ngokuthi `(Congenital Rubella Syndrome - CRS)`.

Nakuba singakasho ngokusemthethweni ukuthi i-rubella isiqediwe eSri Lanka njengoba senzile e-United States, ukusabalala kwalesi sifo sekwehle kakhulu ngenxa yokugonywa. Kodwa-ke, i-rubella isabonakala kwamanye amazwe omhlaba, ikakhulukazi emazweni afana ne-Asia, i-Afrika, kanye neMpumalanga Ephakathi. Ngakho-ke, kuhle ukuqaphela lokhu uma uhamba uye phesheya.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-rubella?

Uphawu oluyinhloko lwe-rubella ukuqubuka . Lokhu kuvame ukuqala ebusweni bese kusakazeka emzimbeni. Ezinganeni ezincane, ukuqubuka kungaba uphawu lokuqala oluvelayo. Kodwa-ke, ezinganeni ezindala nakubantu abadala, ukuqubuka kungase kungabonakali kuze kube yizinsuku ezimbalwa ngemva kokuvela kwezinye izimpawu.

Cabanga nje, ngezinye izikhathi abantu abangafika ku-50% bangaba ne-rubella ngaphandle kokubonisa izimpawu . Kodwa basengasabalalisa lesi sifo kwabanye. Lokho kuyesabeka kancane, akunjalo?

Lezi yizimpawu ezivamile ze-rubella:

• Amabala abomvu (kuqala ebusweni, bese kuba kuwo wonke umzimba)
• Umkhuhlane omncane.
• Ukukhwehlela
• Umphimbo obuhlungu
• Impumulo egobhozayo
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu
• Ukubomvu kwamehlo (Iso elipinki / i-Conjunctivitis)
• Ubuhlungu bamalunga
• Ubuhlungu (malaise)
• Ama-lymph node avuvukele (njengasentanyeni, emakhwapheni)

Yini ebangela i-rubella?

Imbangela eyinhloko ye-rubella igciwane elibizwa ngokuthi `(igciwane le-RuV)` . Amagciwane ayizinto eziphilayo ezincane kakhulu. Awakwazi ukuphila eyedwa. Lokho akwenzayo ukungena emangqamuzaneni abantu, izilwane, noma izitshalo bese esebenzisa lawo mangqamuzana ukwenza amakhophi amaningi awo. Kalula nje, athelela imizimba yethu.

Ingabe i-rubella iyathelelana? Ithelelana kanjani?

Yebo, i-rubella iyisifo esithathelwanayo . Sisakazeka kusuka kumuntu kuya komunye ngamaconsi egciwane akhishwa emoyeni lapho umuntu ephefumula, ekhwehlela, noma ethimula. Singasakazeka nangokuthinta izindawo ezingcoliswe yileli gciwane bese kuthintwa ikhala noma umlomo.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ingadluliselwa kusuka kumama okhulelwe iye enganeni yakhe esibelethweni . Ngezinye izikhathi, umuntu angasabalalisa i-rubella ngaphandle kokuba nezimpawu.

Ngokuvamile, i-rubella ithelelana kakhulu ngesonto elilodwa ngaphambi nangesonto elilodwa ngemva kokuvela kokuqhuma .

Ingabe abantu abadala nabo bangathola i-rubella?

Yebo, i-rubella iyathelelana futhi ingatholakala ezinganeni ezincane, kwabanye abantu abadala, noma ngisho nakubantu abadala.

Kwenzekani uma uthola i-rubella ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa?

Lena yinto ebaluleke kakhulu okudingeka siyiqaphele . Uma ukhulelwe, ikakhulukazi uma uthola i-rubella ku-trimester yokuqala , ingane yakho isengozini enkulu yokuthola lesi simo esikhulume ngaso ngaphambili, i-Congenital Rubella Syndrome (CRS).

Kodwa kunezindaba ezinhle! Uma ugonyelwa i-rubella ngaphambi kokuba ukhulelwe, ungayivikela ingane yakho kulesi simo (CRS).

Kusho ukuthini uma ukuhlolwa kwe-rubella ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa "kukuhle"?

Uma ungenazo izimpawu, futhi udokotela wakho ehlola i-rubella ngaphambi noma ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, uzohlola ukuthi unawo yini ama-antibodies alwa ne-rubella. Lawa ma-antibodies angamaphrotheni akhethekile enziwa yimizimba yethu lapho into eyingozi ingena emizimbeni yethu ukuze ilwe nayo.

Ngakho-ke, uma ukuhlolwa kwakho kwe-antibody ye-rubella "Kuhle", kusho ukuthi uke waba ne-rubella ngaphambili noma uke wagonyelwa yona. Kodwa-ke, kusho nokuthi awuvikelekile ku-rubella futhi ngeke uphinde uyithole kalula. Lokho kuyinto enhle kakhulu ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.

Yiziphi izimpawu zesimo esibizwa ngokuthi `(CRS)`?

Izimpawu ze-congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) zingabonakala lapho uzalwa . Uma uthola i-rubella ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ingane yakho ingazalwa inesinye noma ngaphezulu kwalezi zimpawu ezilandelayo:

• Ukulahlekelwa noma ukuwohloka kwamehlo: Ngenxa yezimo ezifana ne-cataract kanye nokwanda komfutho wamehlo (i-glaucoma).
• Ukulahlekelwa noma ukuncipha kokuzwa.
• Ukukhubazeka kwenhliziyo.
• Izinguquko ezihlobene nobuchopho: Ukwehluleka kobuchopho ukukhula kahle, okusho ukuzalwa nobuchopho obuncane (i-microcephaly), ukuvuvukala kobuchopho, ukufunda kanye nezinguquko zokuziphatha.
• Izifo zamathambo.
• Izakhi zegazi ezinciphile: ama-platelet aphansi egazini (i-thrombocytopenia), i-anemia (i-hemolytic anemia).
• Isifo se-thyroid.
• Ukwanda kwesibindi kanye ne-spleen (`(hepatosplenomegaly)`).
• Isifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 (`(Isifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 / isifo sikashukela esincike ku-insulin)`).

Wazi kanjani ukuthi une-rubella?

Ukuze athole ukuthi une-rubella, udokotela wakho uzoqala akuhlole futhi ahlole noma yiziphi izilonda emzimbeni wakho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, angase ahlole igazi lakho, umchamo, noma ama-swabs ekhala noma emphinjeni ukuze abone ukuthi zikhona yini izimpawu zegciwane le-rubella.

Hlobo luni lokuhlolwa okwenziwayo?

Ukuhlolwa okulandelayo kusetshenziselwa ukuxilonga i-rubella:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi : Inaliti encane ifakwa emthanjeni ongalweni yakho bese kuthathwa isampula yegazi lakho. Lokhu kuhlola ama-antibodies e-rubella. Lokhu kungabonisa ukuthi unalesi sifo njengamanje, uke waba naso esikhathini esidlule, noma uke wagonywa.
• Ukususa i-nasal noma umphimbo : Udokotela uzothatha i-swab ekhaleni lakho noma emphinjeni. Ilebhu izoyihlola ukuze ibone ukuthi ikhona yini igciwane le-rubella.
• Ukuhlolwa komchamo : Uzocelwa ukuthi uchamele enkomishini ehlanzekile. Isampula yomchamo izothunyelwa elabhorethri ukuze ihlolwe igciwane le-rubella.

Kusho ukuthini uma ukuhlolwa kwe-rubella ``Kuhle``?

Uma isampula ethathwe empumulweni yakho, emphinjeni, noma emchameni ibuya "ilungile", kusho ukuthi njengamanje uthelelekile nge-rubella .

Kodwa-ke, uma ukuhlolwa kwegazi okwenziwe ungaguli kubuya ku-"positive", kusho ukuthi unama-antibodies alwa ne-rubella emzimbeni wakho.Kusho ukuthi ikhona. Ama-antibodies amaprotheni akhethekile angabona abahlaseli njengama-virus namabhaktheriya. Ngakho-ke, uma une-antibodies ``(Positive)`` uma ungaguli, kusho ukuthi uke waba ne-rubella ngaphambili, noma uke wagonywa, futhi manje usunawo amasosha omzimba kuyo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi amasosha omzimba wakho ayazi ukuthi angalibhubhisa kanjani igciwane uma libuya.

Iphathwa kanjani i-rubella?

Akukho ukwelashwa okuqondile kwe-rubella. Ngokuvamile iyaziphelela zingakapheli izinsuku ezimbalwa. Ungelapha izimpawu zakho ekhaya ngemithi etholakala ngaphandle kwemithi kadokotela.

Ngenxa yokuthi i-rubella iyathelelana, udokotela wakho uzokutshela ukuthi uhlale kude nabanye abantu (`(ukuhlukaniswa)`) ukuze unciphise ukusabalala kwalesi sifo.

Ungazilawula kanjani izimpawu?

Ezimweni eziningi, izimpawu ze-rubella zingaphathwa ekhaya. Ungasebenzisa imithi yokwelapha izinhlungu njenge-paracetamol, imithi yokukhwehlela kanye nemithi yomkhuhlane, njll. Kodwa-ke, kungcono ukubuza udokotela wakho mayelana nokwelashwa okungcono kakhulu kwezimpawu zakho.

Okubalulekile: Uma ingane yakho encane ine-rubella, ungayiniki noma yimuphi umuthi ngaphandle kokubuza udokotela kuqala.

Leso simo `(CRS)` siphathwa kanjani?

Ukwelashwa kwe-congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) kuyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi ibucayi kangakanani . Ezinye izimo zingelashwa ngemithi noma ngokuhlinzwa. Kodwa-ke, umonakalo othile uhlala unomphela . Kuleso simo, okungenziwa nje ukuphatha lesi simo nokusiza ukugcina ikhwalithi yokuphila engcono kakhulu.

Ungayivimbela kanjani i-rubella?

Indlela engcono kakhulu nebaluleke kakhulu yokuvimbela i-rubella ukugonywa . Lokho kusho ukuthola umuthi wokugomela i-MMR noma i-MMRV. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungenza okulandelayo ukuze uzivikele ku-rubella:

• Geza izandla zakho njalo, ikakhulukazi uma ugula.
• Ungabelani ngezinto zakho siqu ezifana nezinkomishi namapuleti nabanye .
• Mboza umlomo nekhala lakho uma uthimula noma ukhwehlela.
• Uma uhamba phesheya, thola kusenesikhathi ukuthi izifo ezithelelanayo ezifana ne-rubella zivamile yini kulelo zwe.
• Uma uhlela ukuqala umndeni , okungukuthi, ukuba nomntwana, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthola umuthi wokugomela i-rubella, noma ukuhlolwa kwama-antibodies e-rubella, okungenani inyanga eyodwa ngaphambi kokuzama ukukhulelwa .

Imiphi imigomo ye-rubella?

Umuthi wokugomela i-rubella unganikezwa njengomjovo we-`MMR` noma we-`MMRV`.

• Umuthi wokugomela i-`MMR`Lokhu kuvikela kuzo zonke izifo ezintathu: Isimungumungwane, Ukhuhlane, kanye neRubella. Noma ubani oneminyaka engaphezu kwezinyanga ezingu-12 ubudala angathola lo muthi wokugomela.
• Umuthi wokugomela i-`MMRV` : Lo muthi uvikela kuzo zonke izifo ezine: isimungumungwane, ugonyo, i-rubella, kanye ne-chickenpox (`(i-Chickenpox / i-Varicella)`). Kodwa-ke, lo muthi wokugomela unikezwa kuphela izingane eziphakathi kwezinyanga ezingu-12 neminyaka engu-12 .

Ubani ongathola umuthi wokugomela i-rubella? Ubani okungafanele awuthole?

Iningi lezingane kanye nabantu abadala abangaphezu kwezinyanga ezingu-12 ubudala bangathola umuthi wokugomela i-rubella. Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu abawudingi umuthi wokugomela, kanti abanye bangase bangawufanelekeli.

Awudingi umuthi wokugomela i-rubella uma:

• Uma usuvele ugonyiwe (kungadingeka unikeze ubufakazi obubhaliwe balokhu lapho uhamba, uya esikoleni, noma uya emsebenzini).
• Uma ukuhlolwa kwegazi lakho kuqinisekisa ukuthi unama-antibodies e-rubella (okusho ukuthi awuvikelekile ku-rubella).
• Uma wazalwa ngaphambi kuka-1957. Ngoba kukholelwa ukuthi cishe wonke umuntu ozelwe ngaphambi kokuba kutholakale umuthi wokugomela uke waba ne-rubella. (Lokhu kungase kusebenze eSri Lanka ngezinga elithile, kodwa kungcono ukubuza udokotela).

Ochwepheshe bathi akukhuthazwa ukuthola umuthi wokugomela i-rubella kulezi zimo:

• Uma une -allergy kunoma yini ekugonyeni .
• Uma ukhulelwe .
• Uma amasosha omzimba wakho ebuthakathaka (`(amasosha omzimba abuthakathaka)`) - isibonelo, ngenxa `(i-HIV/AIDS)`, umdlavuza, noma imithi ethile oyiphuzayo.
• Uma usanda kumpontshelwa igazi , buza udokotela wakho ukuthi kufanele yini uhlehlise ukugonywa.
• Uma unesifo sofuba (i-Tuberculosis) .
• Uma uke wagonywa eminye imijovo emasontweni amane edlule .

Uma uphuka kalula, wopha kalula, noma unamalungu omndeni anezinkinga zesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela, qiniseka ukuthi ukhuluma nodokotela ngaphambi kokuthola umuthi wokugomela i-rubella.

Yini okufanele ngiyilindele uma ngithola i-rubella? Izohlala isikhathi esingakanani?

I-Rubella ivame ukubonakaliswa njengesifo esincane esiziphelela ngokwaso. Kodwa-ke, ingathelelana kuze kube amasonto amabili, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuhlala kude nabanye ngangokunokwenzeka ngenkathi unezimpawu kanye nesonto ngemuva kokuba ukuqubuka sekuphelile.

Uma uthola i-rubella ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngokuthi ingayithinta kanjani ingane yakho engakazalwa.

Izimpawu ze-rubella zivame ukuhlala izinsuku ezintathu . Ezinye izimpawu zingahlala kusukela ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kuya cishe ngesonto.

Ngingabuyela nini emsebenzini/esikoleni?

I-Rubella ingathelelana kuze kube yisonto ngemuva kokuqala kokuqubuka. Ngakho-ke uma une-rash noma ezinye izimpawu, ungayi emsebenzini noma esikoleni. Ngaphambi kokuba ubuyele emuva, buza udokotela wakho, indawo yakho yokusebenza, isikole sakho, noma isikole sengane yakho ukuthi wenzeni.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona ngenxa ye-rubella?

Izinkinga ezivame kakhulu nezingathi sína ze-rubella ukuphuphuma kwesisu kanye nesifo sokuzalwa se-rubella (i-CRS) esikhulume ngaso. I-CRS yenzeka ezinganeni ezizalwa ngomama abane-rubella ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinkinga ezingavamile zifaka:

• Isifo samathambo
• Inani eliphansi lamaplatelet egazini (i-thrombocytopenia)
• Ukuvuvukala kobuchopho (i-encephalitis)

Ingabe i-rubella ingadala ukuphuphuma kwesisu?

Yebo, uma owesifazane okhulelwe ethola i-rubella, angaphuphuma isisu. Futhi, ingane ingaba nezinkinga zokuzalwa ezifana ne-cataracts, isifo senhliziyo, kanye nokulahlekelwa ukuzwa.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela mayelana ne-rubella?

Uma wena noma ingane yakho ninezimpawu ze-rubella, bona udokotela wakho ngokushesha . Uma uhlela ukukhulelwa, khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nendlela yokuzivikela ku-rubella ngaphambi kokuba ukhulelwe.

Kufanele uye nini egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo (ER)?

Uma ukhulelwe futhi unezinye zalezi zimpawu, bona udokotela ngokushesha, noma uye ekamelweni lezimo eziphuthumayo eliseduze:

• Ukopha ngokweqile
• Ubuhlungu besisu
• Imfiva
• Ukugodola

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele uyibuze udokotela?

Ungabuza udokotela wakho imibuzo efana nale:

• Ngingazelapha kanjani izimpawu zami ekhaya?
• Yini okufanele ngiyenze ukuze ngizivikele ekusakazeni i-rubella kwabanye?
• Ngingazivikela kanjani ku-rubella?
• Uma ngikhulelwe, noma ngikhulelwe, ngingamvikela kanjani umntwana wami ongakazalwa kwi-rubella?
• Ingabe kufanele ngigonyelwe i-rubella?

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-rubella, isimungumungwane, kanye ne-chickenpox?

I-Rubella, isimungumungwane, kanye ne-chickenpox kungase kufane, ngoba konke kubangela ukuqubuka. Kodwa kuyizifo ezintathu ezahlukene . Zibangelwa izinhlobo ezahlukene zamagciwane .

Luhlobo luni lwegciwane i-rubella?

I-Rubella iyigciwane lomndeni we-`(Rubivirus)`, elingelomndeni we-`(Matonaviridae)`. Ulwazi lwayo lwezakhi zofuzo luku-`(RNA)`. Leli gciwane linegobolondo elivikelayo (`(capsid)`) kanye nesembozo (`(imvilophu)`) esilisiza ukuthi lingene emangqamuzaneni abantu. (Lokhu kuyisayensi kancane, kodwa kuhle ukwazi okuncane.)

Umlando omncane mayelana ne-rubella kanye nemithi yokugomela

Esikhathini esidlule, ngaphambi kokuba kutholakale umuthi wokugomela i-rubella, abantu abaningi emhlabeni wonke babethola i-rubella. Ngaleso sikhathi, i-rubella, ikakhulukazi kwabesifazane abakhulelwe, yayihlotshaniswa nenani elikhulu le-congenital rubella syndrome (CRS), ukukhishwa kwezisu, kanye nokufa kwezinsana.

Kodwa-ke, ngemva kokwethulwa komjovo we-rubella (cishe ngo-1969), inani lamacala e-rubella emhlabeni wonke lehla kakhulu. Manje, ngenxa yokugoma, i-rubella ayibonakali kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, njengoba i-rubella isekhona kwamanye amazwe, kubalulekile kithi sonke ukuqaphela lokhu futhi sigonywe futhi sihlale sivikelekile.

Nakuba i-rubella ivame ukuba yisifo esincane, ingaba yingozi kakhulu kwabesifazane abakhulelwe . Uma uthola i-rubella ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ingane yakho isengozini enkulu yokulimala kwezitho zomzimba kanye nezimo ezisongela ukuphila. Ukugonywa kunganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokuthola i-rubella futhi kuyisakaze kwabanye.

Izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okudingeka uzikhumbule kulesi sihloko (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kulungile, ngakho-ke sesikhulume kakhulu nge-rubella. Ngamafuphi, nazi izinto ezimbalwa okufanele uzikhumbule nakanjani:

• I-Rubella yisifo esibangelwa yigciwane . Uphawu oluyinhloko ukuqubuka.
• Nakuba noma ubani engathola i-rubella, kuyingozi kakhulu uma umama okhulelwe eyithola . Ingabangela isimo esibi kakhulu enganeni engakazalwa esibizwa ngokuthi "Congenital Rubella Syndrome (CRS)``.
• I-CRS ingabangela ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa ekuboneni, ekuzweni, enhliziyweni, nasebuchosheni bomntwana .
• Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela i-rubella ukuthola umuthi wokugomela i-MMR , ikakhulukazi ngaphambi kokukhulelwa.
• I-Rubella ingasakazeka ngokukhwehlela, ukuthimula, noma ukuthinta izinto ezingcoliswe yileli gciwane .
• Uma unezimpawu ze-rubella, bona udokotela ngokushesha futhi uhlale kude nabanye.
• Uma ukhulelwe futhi unezimpawu ze-rubella (ikakhulukazi ukopha okukhulu, ubuhlungu besisu, umkhuhlane, ukubanda), funa iseluleko sikadokotela ngokushesha.

Ngiyethemba ukuthi lolu lwazi luwusizo kuwe. Hlala uphilile!

I- Rubella, i-German Measles, i-Congenital Rubella Syndrome, umuthi wokugomela