Wake watshelwa udokotela ukuthi umuthi wokukusiza uphumule, ukukusiza ulale, noma ukukusiza uphumule ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa okuncane? Lezi yizinhlobo zemithi esiyibiza ngokuthi 'imithi yokwehlisa ukucindezeleka'. Nakuba le mithi iyimithi ewusizo kakhulu, kubalulekile kithi sonke ukuba siqaphele imiphumela yayo, izingozi, kanye nokusetshenziswa okufanele.
Iyini ngempela imithi yokudambisa?
Kalula nje, ama-tranquilizer awuhlobo lomuthi ocindezela ukusebenza kwesimiso sethu sezinzwa esiyinhloko , okungukuthi, ubuchopho kanye nomgogodla. Lena imithi okufanele itholakale kuphela ngomuthi kadokotela. Amandla ayo kanye nobude besikhathi sokusebenza emzimbeni kuyahlukahluka.
Izinto ezilandelayo zivame ukwenzeka uma uthatha lolu hlobo lomuthi:
- Ngizizwa ngikhululekile kakhulu engqondweni nasemzimbeni wami.
- Ukukhathazeka kunciphisa .
- Ukuqina kwemizwa efana nobuhlungu nokuthinta kuyancipha.
- Ukuzizwa ulele .
- Ukuphefumula kuba nzima kancane futhi kube nzima .
- Ukushaya kwenhliziyo kuyehla kancane.
- Kungase kube nokuphazamiseka kwesikhashana enkumbulo.
Ngezinye izikhathi odokotela bahlukanisa lezi zidakamizwa zokudambisa kanye nezidakamizwa zokuhlikihla, ngakho ungase uzizwe zibizwa ngokuthi "izidakamizwa zokuhlikihla."
Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-'Sedation' kanye ne-'Anesthesia'?
La magama amabili avame ukudideka, kodwa kunomehluko omkhulu phakathi kwawo womabili.
I-sedation iyisidakamizwa esikwenza uzizwe uzolile, ukhululekile, noma ulele. Kodwa usaqaphela ukuthi kwenzekani eduze kwakho. Udokotela angakhuluma nawe futhi akunike iseluleko. Isetshenziselwa ukunciphisa ukukhathazeka nokwesaba ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa okuncane noma ukukhishwa kwamazinyo.
Ukuhlinzwa kwe-anesthesia okuvamile kuyindlela ekwenza ungazi lutho nhlobo. Awuzizwa ubuhlungu, awazi ukuthi kwenzekani eduze kwakho, futhi awukhumbuli lutho olwenzekile ngaleso sikhathi. Ukuhlinzwa kwe-anesthesia kubalulekile ekuhlinzweni okukhulu (isib., ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo evulekile).
Cabanga ukuthi kunezigaba ezintathu eziyinhloko zokudambisa:
- Okuncane: Uzizwa ukhululekile, kodwa uphapheme. Ungaphendula imibuzo bese ulandela imiyalelo.
- Okulinganiselwe: Ungase uzizwe ulele kakhulu. Ungase ulale ngisho. Ungase ube nokulahlekelwa yinkumbulo noma ukudideka ngemva kwesehlakalo.
- Okujulile:Uzolala ubuthongo obukhulu, kodwa ngeke ulahlekelwe ingqondo ngokuphelele njengoba ubungenza nge-anesthesia. Ngeke ukhumbule lutho ngalesi sigameko.
Yiziphi izinhlobo zemithi yokudambisa ukucindezeleka?
Ama-tranquilizer angahlukaniswa ngezigaba eziningana eziyinhloko. Bheka ithebula elingezansi ukuze uthole ukuqonda okulula kwalokhu.
| Isigaba sezidakamizwa | Kusetshenziswa kakhulu | Izibonelo |
|---|---|---|
| Ama-Benzodiazepine | Ezimweni ezinjengokukhathazeka, ukuqwasha, kanye nokuquleka. Lezi yizidakamizwa ezivame ukubonakala kakhulu. | I-Alprazolam (Xanax®), i-Diazepam (Valium®), i-Flurazepam (Dalmane®) |
| Ama-Barbiturates | Umuthi omdala. Manje ususetshenziswa kakhulu ekubulaleni izinzwa nasekuphatheni isithuthwane. | I-Phenobarbital, i-Pentobarbital (Nembutal®) |
| Ama-hypnotics | Lezi zisebenza ngendlela efanayo ne-benzodiazepines, kodwa zihlukile ngokwesakhiwo. Zinikezwa kakhulu iziguli ezinenkinga yokungalali. Zibizwa nangokuthi "izidakamizwa ze-Z". | I-Zolpidem (Ambien®), i-Eszopiclone (Lunesta®), i-Zaleplon (Sonata®) |
| Okuhlukahlukene | Eminye imithi yesimanje elapha ukungakwazi ukulala engeyona eyezigaba ezingenhla. | I-Ramelteon (Rozerem®), i-Suvorexant (i-Belsomra®) |
Lomuthi usebenza kanjani?
Lena indaba yesayensi kancane, kodwa ilula. Ubuchopho bethu buthumela imiyalezo phakathi kwamangqamuzana ezinzwa. Lokho okwenziwa yile mithi ukwandisa umsebenzi we-neurotransmitter ebizwa ngokuthi i-GABA (i-Gamma-aminobutyric acid) ebuchosheni bethu. I-GABA iyikhemikhali evimbelayo elawula umsebenzi wobuchopho futhi isebenza njengekhemikhali "yokubhuleka" (evimbelayo). Ngakho-ke lapho umsebenzi we-GABA wanda, ubuchopho buyehla, futhi sizizwe sizolile, sikhululekile, futhi silele.
Ziyini izingozi nemiphumela emibi?
Ama-tranquilizer uhlobo lomuthi okufanele lusetshenziswe ngokuqapha okukhulu, njengoba lunezingozi ezithile kanye nemiphumela emibi.
Imiphumela emibi yesikhashana
- Isiyezi kanye nokozela
- Ubunzima bokugxila
- Umbono ofiphele
- Isikhathi sokuphendula esengeziwe
Izingozi zokusetshenziswa isikhathi eside
- Ukukhohlwa izinto njalo.
- Izinkinga zengqondo ezifana nokucindezeleka.
- Ukulimala kwesibindi.
- Ukuncika ezidakamizweni.
Ingozi yokulutha nokuthi ungayivimbela kanjani?
Lena ingozi enkulu ehambisana nale mithi. Amanye ama-tranquilizer angadala umuzwa wenjabulo enkulu nokuphumula (injabulo). Imizamo ephindaphindwayo yokufeza lo muzwa ingaholela ekuthembeleni ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Ukuze ugweme umlutha:
- Ungathathi ngaphezu komthamo obekwe udokotela wakho nganoma yisiphi isizathu.
- Ungabelani ngomuthi owunikezwe wena nomunye umuntu.
- Gcina umuthi endaweni ephephile kude nezingane.
- Uma ukwelashwa sekuqediwe, lahla ngokuphephile noma yimuphi umuthi osele.
Ukweqisa kanye nobuthi
Ukuthatha okungaphezu kwalokho okunqunywe udokotela noma ukukuthatha notshwala noma ezinye izidakamizwa kungaholela ekweqiseni umthamo. Lokhu kungaba yingozi empilweni .
Izimpawu zokudlula ngokweqile:
- Ukulala ubuthongo obukhulu kakhulu, kunzima ukuvuka
- Inkulumo engaqondakali
- Ukungazinzi okungalawuleki ngesikhathi uhamba (i-Ataxia)
- Ukuphefumula kuba nzima kakhulu futhi kube nzima (ukucindezeleka kokuphefumula)
- Ukulahlekelwa ngokuphelele kwengqondo (i-Coma)
Uma ubona umuntu onalezi zimpawu, ungalibali! Myise eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela esiseduze ngokushesha.
Izimpawu zokuhoxa
Uma uyeka ukusebenzisa lo muthi ngokuzumayo ngemva kwesikhathi eside, ungase ube nezimpawu zokuhoxa. Lokhu kungaba yingozi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke,Ungalokothi uyeke ukuthatha lo muthi ngokuzumayo ngaphandle kweseluleko sikadokotela wakho.
Izinto okufanele uzitshele udokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuthatha umuthi wokudambisa
Ngaphambi kokuba udokotela akunike umuthi wokudambisa, qiniseka ukuthi umtshela lezi zinto.
- Umlando wakho wezokwelapha ophelele.
- Uma wena noma othile emndenini wakho enomlando wokulutha izidakamizwa.
- Mayelana nanoma yimiphi eminye imithi, amavithamini, noma izithasiselo ozithathayo njengamanje.
- Lokho kusho ukuthi uma usebenzisa utshwala .
- Uma ukhulelwe noma unethemba lokukhulelwa .
- Uma usebenzisa noma yimiphi eminye imithi.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Umuthi wokudambisa ubuhlungu uhlobo lomuthi okufanele uthathwe kuphela ngaphansi kweseluleko sikadokotela, ngenani elinqunyiwe kanye nesikhathi esinqunyiwe.
- Ungabelani ngemithi oyinikezwe ngudokotela nanoma ubani omunye nganoma yisiphi isizathu. Akuvumelekile futhi kuyingozi kakhulu.
- Gwema ukuphuza utshwala ngokuphelele ngenkathi uthatha lo muthi. Ukuhlanganiswa kwalokhu okubili kungaba yingozi empilweni.
- Uma unokwesaba noma ukungabaza ngomuthi, imiphumela yawo emibi, noma umlutha, xoxa ngakho ngokukhululekile nodokotela wakho.
- Ungalokothi uyeke ukuthatha umuthi ngokuzumayo ngaphandle kokubonisana nodokotela wakho. Uma kudingeka, yenza kanjalo ngokunciphisa kancane kancane umthamo ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukadokotela wakho.
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