Uma sizwa igama elithi "ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo," sicabanga ngokushesha ngomuntu othile ebhayisikobho obamba isifuba sakhe bese ekhala ngobuhlungu ngaphambi kokuba awe phansi. Yiqiniso, ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo okuningi kuza nobuhlungu obukhulu esifubeni. Kodwa bewazi ukuthi ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo okunye kuza ngaphandle komsindo, cishe njengokuhlebeza? Lokhu yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi "ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo buthule" kwezokwelapha. Lokhu kuyingozi kakhulu ngoba singase singakuqapheli futhi singase singatholi ukwelashwa ngesikhathi.
Kalula nje, kuyini lokhu kuhlaselwa yinhliziyo okuthule?
Ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo buthule kufana nokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo okuvamile. Ngokwezokwelapha, lesi yisimo esifanayo ``ne-Myocardial Infarction''. Kalula nje, inhliziyo yethu iyiphampu eyenziwe ngezicubu zemisipha. Lezi zicubu zemisipha zidinga ukuhlinzekwa njalo komoya-mpilo kanye negazi elicebile ngezakhamzimba ukuze zisebenze. Leli gazi linikezwa yimithambo yegazi emincane ebizwa ngokuthi ``Coronary Arteries'' enhliziyweni uqobo.
Cabanga ukuthi umthambo wegazi une-cholesterol enqwabelene, ebizwa ngokuthi i-plaque, bese ivaleka kancane kancane. Ngolunye usuku, le-plaque iyaqhuma, kwakheke i-blood clot, bese umthambo wegazi uvaleka ngokuphelele. Bese kuthi umsipha wenhliziyo onikezwa igazi yilowo mthambo wegazi uyeke ukwamukela igazi. Lapho lowo msipha ulahlekelwa umoya-mpilo, uqala ukufa. Yilokho okubizwa ngokuthi ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo.
Ekuhlaselweni kwenhliziyo okuvamile, lokhu kwenzeka ngobuhlungu obukhulu besifuba. Kodwa ekuhlaselweni kwenhliziyo buthule, lo monakalo enhliziyweni uvela ngaphandle kwezimpawu, noma ngezimpawu ezincane kakhulu esingazinaki kakhulu. Into eyesabekayo ukuthi, umonakalo ungafana kuzo zombili izimo. Kodwa ngoba azikho izimpawu, awazi ukuthi udinga ukwelashwa.
Ingabe siyaqonda ngempela umehluko wezimpawu?
Lena yinto ebaluleke kakhulu. Sidinga ukwazi umehluko phakathi kwezimpawu zokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo okuvamile kanye nezimpawu zokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo buthule. Cabanga uma umngane wakho engathi ngokuzumayo unesifo esifubeni, ubungamyisa esibhedlela ngokushesha. Kodwa uma ethi, "Ngizizwa ngididekile kancane," besingeke sikunake lokho, akunjalo? Bheka lo mehluko.
| Izimpawu Ezincane Zokuhlaselwa Yinhliziyo Okuthule | Izimpawu ezibucayi zokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo okuvamile |
|---|---|
| Ukukhathala ngaphandle kwesizathu: Ukukhathala okukhulu kanye nomuzwa wobuthakathaka ohlala izinsuku eziningi. | Ubuhlungu obukhulu besifuba: Ubuhlungu obukhulu phakathi kwesifuba, njengokungathi sicindezelwa ngebhande lensimbi, njengokungathi indlovu isinyathele. |
| Ukuzizwa sengathi awugayi kahle ukudla: Umuzwa oshisayo esiswini, umuzwa ofana nowe-gastritis. Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi lokhu kuyi-gastritis. | Ukuphefumula kanzima: Ukuzwa ngokuzumayo kokuphefumula. |
| Njengomkhuhlane: ubuhlungu bomzimba, umzimba uzizwa ungakhululekile, sengathi unomkhuhlane. | Ubuhlungu obuphuma engalweni yesobunxele: Ubuhlungu besifuba obusakazekela engalweni yesobunxele, mhlawumbe entanyeni, emhlathini, noma emhlane. |
| Ubuhlungu obugoqa imisipha emhlane noma esifubeni: Umuzwa wokuthi imisipha yakho ibuhlungu ngenxa yokuzivocavoca. | Ukujuluka nokujuluka okubandayo: Ukuzizwa unesiyezi, ubanda futhi ujuluka. |
| Ubuhlungu obungachazeki emhlathini, entanyeni, noma emahlombe. | Isicanucanu nokuhlanza. |
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ungalokothi ungazinaki ngisho nophawu oluncane njengalolu, ikakhulukazi uma unezici eziyingozi zesifo senhliziyo.
Ubani osengozini enkulu?
Abanye abantu banamathuba amaningi okuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kunabanye. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi "izici eziyingozi." Ezinye zalezi singazilawula, kodwa ezinye asikwazi ukuzishintsha.
Izici eziyingozi esingazilawula
- Umfutho Wegazi Ophakeme: Uma umfutho wegazi ukhuphuka, inhliziyo izwa ukucindezeleka okukhulu futhi imithambo yegazi yonakele.
- I-Cholesterol Ephakeme: I-cholesterol "embi" (i-LDL) inqwabelana emithanjeni yegazi bese iyivala.
- Isifo Sikashukela: Abantu abanesifo sikashukela banamathuba amaningi okulimala kwemithambo yegazi ngenxa yamazinga aphezulu kashukela egazini. Ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo buthule kuvame kakhulu kubantu abanesifo sikashukela kanye nakwabesifazane.
- Ukubhema: Ukubhema kungenye yezitha ezinkulu zenhliziyo. Kuncipha imithambo yegazi futhi kwandisa ingozi yokuqhekeka kwegazi.
- Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile kanye nokuntuleka kokuzilolonga: Lapho isisindo somzimba sikhuphuka futhi ukuvivinya umzimba kwehla, kuvula ithuba lakho konke kusukela ekucindezelekeni kwegazi kuya ku-cholesterol nesifo sikashukela.
- Ukucindezeleka ngokweqile: Ukucindezeleka okuqhubekayo nakho akukuhle enhliziyweni.
- Ukudla okungenampilo: Ukudla okunamafutha amaningi, usawoti kanye noshukela kubi enhliziyweni.
Izici eziyingozi esingenakuzishintsha
- Ubudala: Ingozi iyanda ngokuguga, ikakhulukazi ngemva kweminyaka engu-45 kwabesilisa kanye nangemva kokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini kwabesifazane.
- Umlando womndeni: Uma omunye wezihlobo zakho eziseduze (umama, ubaba, umfowenu noma udadewabo) eke waba nesifo senhliziyo esemncane, nawe usengozini enkulu.
Wazi kanjani ukuthi uke waba nokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo buthule?
Lena yinkinga enkulu kunazo zonke. Ngokuvamile, umuntu uthola ukuthi uke waba nokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo buthule amasonto, izinyanga, noma ngisho neminyaka kamuva. Nalokho ngengozi. Cabanga ukuthi uya kudokotela ngesizathu esithile bese wenza i-'ECG' (i-Electrocardiogram). Yilapho udokotela ebona khona ukuthi kube nomonakalo othile enhliziyweni yakho ngaphambili.
Ukuhlolwa okuvame ukusetshenziswa ukuxilonga lokhu yile:
- I-ECG (i-Electrocardiogram): Lokhu kuhlola ukusebenza kukagesi kwenhliziyo ukuze kubonakale ukuthi kukhona yini umonakalo emisipheni yenhliziyo.
- I-Echocardiogram (Echo): Lokhu kufana nokuskena kwenhliziyo. Kungahlola ukuthi inhliziyo isebenza kanjani, ukuthi iphampa kanjani igazi, nokuthi ngabe kukhona yini umonakalo.
- Ukuhlolwa Kwegazi: Ngesikhathi sokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, ama-enzyme athile (ama-Cardiac Enzymes) avela emisipheni yenhliziyo akhishwa aye egazini. Lawa angahlolwa.
- Ukuhlolwa Kokucindezeleka: Kuthathwa i-ECG ngenkathi uhamba ku-treadmill ukuze kubonwe ukuthi inhliziyo isabela kanjani ekuzikhandleni.
Yini okufanele uyenze uma unokungabaza? Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha?
Lesi yisimo esiphuthumayo! Uma unezimpawu zokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zincane kangakanani, ungazami ukuya esibhedlela wedwa.
1. Shayela u-1990 ngokushesha: I-ambulensi iyindlela engcono kakhulu nephephile. Abasebenzi bezimo eziphuthumayo abakwi-ambulensi bangaqala usizo lokuqala oludingekayo ngenkathi bekuyisa esibhedlela.
2. Yiya eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela esiseduze: Uma ungakwazi ukulinda i-ambulensi, iya ku -ETU ngokushesha okukhulu ngosizo lothile.
Esibhedlela, odokotela bazohlola isimo sakho ngokushesha bese beqala ukwelashwa.
- Ukunikeza umoya-mpilo.
- Ukunikeza imithi efana ne-aspirin ukuvimba ukwakheka kwamahlule egazi.
- Ukunikeza umuthi wokunciphisa ubuhlungu.
- Ukwelashwa kokuvula umthambo wegazi ovalekile. Kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko zalokhu:
- I-Angioplasty: Kule nqubo, ithubhu elincane elibizwa ngokuthi ``catheter`` lifakwa ngomlenze noma engalweni emthanjeni wegazi ovalekile enhliziyweni, bese kufakwa ibhaluni ukuze liwuvule. Ngokuvamile, kufakwa isakhiwo esifana ne-mesh esibizwa ngokuthi ``stent`` ukuze sivimbele ukuthi singavaleki futhi.
- I-Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG): Uma umthambo wegazi uvalekile kakhulu, kuthathwa ingxenye yomthambo wegazi evela kwenye ingxenye yomzimba (njengomlenze) bese kwakhiwa indlela entsha ezungeze indawo evalekile. Lokhu kuwukuhlinzwa okukhulu.
Yini okufanele yenziwe ukuvimbela into efana nale ukuthi ingaphinde yenzeke?
Ngemva kokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, kufanele uguqule ikhasi elisha empilweni yakho. Akuyona into okufanele uyesabe, kuyithuba lesibili olitholayo lokuvikela inhliziyo yakho.
- Thatha umuthi udokotela wakho awunikeza wona ngqo: Uzonikezwa imithi eminingana ozoyithatha impilo yakho yonke. Lokhu kufaka phakathi imithi efana ne-"Statins" ehlisa i-cholesterol, i-"Antiplatelet" elawula umfutho wegazi, kanye ne-"Antiplatelet" evimbela ukuqhekeka kwegazi. Ungaphuthelwa ngisho nosuku olulodwa lwale mithi.
- Ukudla okunempilo kwenhliziyo: Nciphisa uwoyela, usawoti, noshukela ngangokunokwenzeka. Faka imifino, izithelo, ubhontshisi kanye nezinhlanzi ezincane ekudleni kwakho.
- Ukuzivocavoca: Hamba okungenani imizuzu engama-30 ngosuku. Buza udokotela wakho ukuthi yikuphi ukuzivocavoca okufanele wena.
- Yeka ukubhema ngokuphelele: Ungabhemi ngisho nogwayi owodwa.
- Lawula isisindo sakho: Gcina isisindo esinempilo ngobude bakho.
- Lawula ukucindezeleka: Unganciphisa ukucindezeleka ngokwenza izinto ezifana nokuzindla, i-yoga, kanye nokuzibandakanya nomsebenzi wokuzilibazisa owuthandayo.
- Bamba iqhaza ezinhlelweni zokuvuselela inhliziyo: Ezinye izibhedlela zinezinhlelo zokuvuselela inhliziyo eziqondene ngqo neziguli zenhliziyo. Kulezi, ungafunda okuningi ngokuzivocavoca umzimba, ukudla kanye nokuphila kahle kwengqondo.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo akuhlali kuhambisana nobuhlungu obukhulu besifuba. Ngezinye izikhathi kungavela ngokuzumayo.
- Ungalokothi ungazinaki ngisho nezimpawu ezincane njengokukhathala okungachazeki, ukungagayi kahle kokudla, umkhuhlane, noma ubuhlungu emhlane, ikakhulukazi uma unezici eziyingozi.
- Uma unezimo ezifana nesifo sikashukela, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, noma i-cholesterol, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuzilawula.
- Uma kukhona emndenini wakho onesifo senhliziyo, kufanele futhi ubonane nodokotela njalo ukuze ahlolwe.
- Uma usola ngisho nokuncane kakhulu ukuthi uhlaselwe yisifo senhliziyo, ungachithi isikhathi bese ushayela ucingo ngokushesha ku-1990 noma uye eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela esiseduze. Umzuzwana ngamunye ufanele ukusindisa impilo yakho.
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