Isitha esithule esivela othulini: Uyazi nge-silicosis?

Wake wacabanga ukuthi izinhlayiya zothuli esiziphefumulayo zingabangela izifo ezinkulu zamaphaphu? Le ngozi iphezulu kakhulu kulabo bethu abenza imisebenzi ethile. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngesifo samaphaphu esibi kancane, kodwa esingavinjelwa ngokuqaphela, esibangelwa izinhlayiya ezincane ezibizwa ngokuthi i-silica ezingena emzimbeni nothuli esiluphefumulayo. Odokotela babiza lesi sifo ngokuthi 'i-Silicosis'.

Iyini le silicosis?

Kalula nje, i-silicosis yisifo samaphaphu esibangelwa ukuphefumula izinhlayiya ezincane, ezicwebezelayo ezibizwa ngokuthi i-silicon dioxide, noma i-silica ngamafuphi. Uma unalesi simo, ungase ube nezimpawu ezifana nokukhwehlela, ukuvuvukala kwamaphaphu, kanye nokuqhekeka kwamaphaphu, isimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-fibrosis .

Uma lezi zimpawu ezintathu zihlanganiswa, sibiza iqembu lezifo ngokuthi "ama-pneumoconioses." Lezi yizifo ezibangelwa ukuphefumula uthuli. Njengezifo ezihlobene ne-asbestos, i-silicosis yisifo samaphaphu esihlobene nomsebenzi. Okusho ukuthi, sibangelwa ukuphefumula izinhlayiya ze-silica ngenkathi wenza umsebenzi wakho.

Ngeshwa, i-silicosis ayikwazi ukwelapheka ngokuphelele noma umonakalo emaphashini ungabuyiselwa emuva. Kodwa-ke, odokotela bangayilapha, balawule izimpawu, futhi bakunike impumuzo ethile.

Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko ze-silicosis?

I-silicosis ingakhula ngezindlela ezintathu eziyinhloko:

1. I-silicosis Engapheli: Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu. Ngokuvamile luvela ngemva kokuchayeka emazingeni okuphefumula othuli lwe-silica iminyaka engaphezu kwe-10 . Inani le-silica othulini nalo liyakuthinta lokhu. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ze-silicosis engapheli: i-silicosis elula kanye ne-progressive massive fibrosis.

2. I-Subacute silicosis: Lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi "i-accelerated silicosis." Lokhu kungakhula esikhathini esifushane, phakathi kweminyaka emibili kuya kwemihlanu . Nakuba isikhathi sifushane, ukuchayeka ku-silica kuphakeme kakhulu.

3. I-silicosis ebukhali: Lokhu kungenzeka kakhulu, okusho ukuthi kungenzeka ngemva kokuchayeka ezinhlayiyeni ezinephesenti eliphezulu le-silica isikhathi esifushane, njengezinyanga ezimbalwa . Lolu uhlobo oluyingozi kakhulu nolushesha kakhulu.

Ubani onamathuba amaningi okuthola i-silicosis?

I-Silicosis ihlobene kakhulu nomsebenzi owenzayo.Uma usebenza emikhakheni elandelayo, usengozini enkulu yokuthola i-silicosis kuneminye.

• Ukumba izimayini nokumba: Kukhona nezindawo ezinjengalezi ezweni lethu. Abantu abasebenza ezindaweni lapho kumbiwa khona amatshe amnyama futhi kugawulwa khona inhlabathi basengozini.
• Ukwakha, ukwakha kanye nokubhidliza: Uthuli lwe-silica luyakhishwa ngesikhathi somsebenzi ofana nokusika ukhonkolo, ukusika amathayela, kanye nokusika izitini.
• Umsebenzi wamatshe, okuhlanganisa nokukhiqizwa kwama-countertop amatshe: Lolu thuli lukhiqizwa lapho kwenziwa ama-countertop amatshe amakhishi nezindawo zokugcina ukudla, nalapho kusikwa futhi kupholishwa amatshe afana ne-granite.
• Izinto zobumba, izinto zobumba kanye nokwenza ingilazi.
• Ukuqhuma kwesihlabathi: Uma isihlabathi sifafazwa ngomfutho ophezulu ezindaweni ezihlanzekile.
• Umsebenzi wokwakha isisekelo: Lapho insimbi incibilikiswa khona bese ithululelwa ezikhumbeni.

Cabanga nje, uma usebenza endaweni efana nale, kunethuba elikhulu lokuthi lezi zitha ezincane ezibizwa ngokuthi i-silica zingene emaphashini akho.

Lokhu kwenzani emzimbeni?

Uma izinhlayiya ze-silica zingena ohlelweni lwethu lokuphefumula, zisebenza ngendlela elimazayo. Lezi zinhlayiya zilimaza kakhulu amaseli abizwa ngokuthi ama-alveolar macrophages. Lawa ma-macrophage ayingxenye yesimiso sethu sokuzivikela. Kalula nje, afana nonogada emaphashini . Umsebenzi wawo ukubamba nokubhubhisa amagciwane nothuli olungena emaphashini. Kodwa uma lezi zinhlayiya ze-silica zingena, lawa maseli okuphepha ayalimala. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lo monakalo uqala ukubangela ukuvuvukala kanye nezibazi emaphashini.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-silicosis?

Kunezimpawu ezintathu eziyinhloko ze-silicosis:

• Ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo.
• Ukukhwehlela okuletha isikhwehlela.
• Ukuvuvukala/ukuvuvukala endaweni yamaphaphu.
• Ukulimala kwamaphaphu (i-fibrosis).

Lezi zimpawu zingaholela kwezinye izinkinga, okuhlanganisa:

• Ubunzima bokuphefumula (ukuphelelwa umoya). Ekuqaleni, kungaba nzima ukuphefumula, ngisho noma umile nje.
• Ukukhathala.
• Ubuthakathaka.
• Ukwehlisa isisindo okungahlosiwe.

Uma unesinye noma ngaphezulu salezi zimpawu, ikakhulukazi uma unomsebenzi okubangela uthuli lwe-silica, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Kungani kwenzeka i-silicosis?

Imbangela eyinhloko ye-silicosis ukulimala kwamaphaphu akho uma uphefumula uthuli lwe-silica.Ngokuvamile kwenzeka endaweni yomsebenzi.

Ingabe lokhu kuyathelelana?

Cha, i-silicosis ayisona isifo esithelelanayo. Ayibangelwa yigciwane noma amagciwane. Awukwazi ukuyithola kumuntu onayo, futhi uma unayo, awukwazi ukuyidlulisela komunye umuntu.

Uthola kanjani ukuthi une-silicosis?

Udokotela wakho uzoqala ngokukubuza ngomlando wakho wezokwelapha bese ekwenza ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba. Ukuthi usebenze isikhathi esingakanani emsebenzini okubeka engcupheni ye-silicosis kuwumbuzo obaluleke kakhulu kule nqubo .

Ngezinye izikhathi, noma ungenazo izimpawu, udokotela wakho angathola ukuthi une-silicosis ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwesithombe okwenziwe ngesinye isizathu. Ungase uzwe nemisindo yokuphefumula engavamile emaphashini akho lapho uhlolwa.

Ukuhlolwa okulandelayo kungenziwa:

• Ukuhlolwa kwezithombe: Lokhu kufaka phakathi i-X-ray yesifuba kanye nokuskena kwe-computed tomography (CT) okune-resolution ephezulu. Lokhu kuhlolwa kungasiza udokotela wakho ukuthi anqume ukuthi une-silicosis yini ngokubheka izimpawu ezithile emaphashini akho.
• Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwamaphaphu: Lokhu kuhlolwa kuhlola ukuthi amaphaphu akho asebenza kahle kangakanani. Kulinganisa izinto ezifana nokuthi ungaphefumula ngokushesha kangakanani nokuthi ungabamba isikhathi esingakanani ukuphefumula kwakho.
• Ukuhlolwa kwelebhu: Lokhu kwenziwa ukuze kunqunywe ezinye izimo, isibonelo izinhlobo ezithile zokutheleleka (njengesifo sofuba). Okwamanje akukho ukuhlolwa kwegazi okuqondile okungaqinisekisa ukuba khona kwe-silicosis.
• Ukuhlanza i-Bronchoalveolar: Kulolu vivinyo, uketshezi oluthathwe emaphashini "luyagezwa" futhi luhlolwe.
• Ukuhlolwa kwezicubu emaphashini: Lokhu kuhilela ukuthatha ingxenye encane yezicubu emaphashini ukuze ihlolwe. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akuvamile kakhulu.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-silicosis?

Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, i-silicosis ayikwazi ukwelapheka ngokuphelele. Okuwukuphela kwento engenziwa ukuphatha lesi sifo. Nazi ezinye izeluleko zokwenza lokho:

• Uma ubhema noma usebenzisa eminye imikhiqizo kagwayi, yeka ngokushesha. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu.
• Sebenzisa imishini yokuzivikela yomuntu siqu (i-PPE) ngendlela efanele. Noma, uma kungenzeka, shintshela emsebenzini ongenangozi eningi.
• Sebenzisa i-bronchodilator (njenge-inhaler) ukuze wenze ukuphefumula kube lula.
• Uma kudingeka, thola umoya-mpilo owengeziwe njengoba kuqondiswe udokotela wakho.

Kwezinye izimo ezinzima, udokotela angase futhi ancome ukuhlinzwa kokufakelwa amaphaphu.

Eqinisweni, izivivinyo zemitholampilo ziyaqhubeka ukuthola ukwelashwa kwe-silicosis. Udokotela wakho angase asikisele ukuthi uhlanganyele kwenye. Abacwaningi basebenzisa imithi ebizwa ngokuthi ama-antifibrotics ukwelapha ezinye izinhlobo ze-silicosis. Nakuba eminye yale mithi isesesigabeni sokucwaninga, umuthi owodwa obizwa ngokuthi i-Nintedanib (OFEV®) usuvele uvunyelwe yi-FDA.

Ingancishiswa kanjani le ngozi?

Iqiniso elidabukisayo ukuthi yize abantu babazi nge-silicosis kanye nezingozi zokuphefumula uthuli ngezikhathi zamaGreki namaRoma asendulo, abantu basaqhubeka nalesi sifo nanamuhla.

Uma ungakwazi ukugwema imisebenzi eyingozi, unganciphisa ingozi yakho ngokusebenzisa imishini yokuzivikela efanele (i-PPE) nokulandela imikhuba yokuphepha emsebenzini .

Uma umsebenzi wakho uyingozi enkulu, cabanga ngokuhlolwa ngumqashi wakho. Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela izimo ezibucayi ngaphambi kokuba zibe zimbi kakhulu.

Yini ongayilindela uma unesifo se-silicosis?

Uma une-silicosis, ukubikezela kuncike ezintweni eziningi, okuhlanganisa ukuthi utholakale une-silica engakanani, ukuthi utholakale isikhathi esingakanani, ubudala bakho, ukuthi unezinye izimo zezokwelapha, nokuthi uzoqhubeka yini utholakale une-silica.

Lesi simo singaba sibi kakhulu kulabo abathola isimo esibizwa ngokuthi "i-progressive massive fibrosis."

Ezinye izinkinga ezingase zenzeke ngenxa ye-silicosis

Abantu abane-silicosis basengozini enkulu yokuthola lezi zimo ezilandelayo:

• Isifo sofuba kanye nezinye izifo.
• Umdlavuza wamaphaphu.
• Isifo sezinso esingamahlalakhona.
• I-bronchitis engapheli.
• Izifo ezizenzakalelayo njenge-Scleroderma, i-Rheumatoid arthritis, ne-Lupus.

Ngakho-ke, uma kutholakala ukuthi une-silicosis, kubalulekile ukuqaphela lezi ezinye izimo.

Ngingazinakekela kanjani uma ngine-silicosis?

Uma une-silicosis, kunezinto eziningana ongazenza ukuze uzinakekele:

• Yeka ukubhema nokusebenzisa eminye imikhiqizo kagwayi ngokuphelele.
• Gwema ezinye izinto ezicasula amaphaphu, njengomusi ophuma komunye umuntu kanye nezinye izinto ezingcolisa umoya.
• Thola yonke imijovo enconywe udokotela wakho.(isib. umuthi wokugomela i-pneumonia, umuthi wokugomela i-influenza)
• Uma usasebenza endaweni lapho kukhona khona uthuli lwe-silica, sebenzisa imishini yokuzivikela efanele (i-PPE). Isibonelo, amamaski noma ama-respirator e-N95. Amamaski othuli noma ama-face shield avamile awanele.
• Uma usebenza ezindaweni lapho kukhona khona uthuli lwe-silica, landela izinqubo ezifanele, njengokugcina umoya omuhle kanye nokusebenzisa ama-humidifier ukuze unciphise uthuli.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Uma usebenza embonini esebenzisa i-silica, kubalulekile ukuhlolwa njalo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uphilile. Uma ukhwehlela noma uphefumula kanzima, bona udokotela ngokushesha.

Uma usuvele utholakale une-silicosis, futhi uba nezimpawu ezintsha ezifana nomkhuhlane, ukuphelelwa umoya okuya ngokuya kuba kubi, noma ukwehla kwesisindo okungahlosiwe , yazisa udokotela wakho ngokushesha.

Ingabe i-silicosis ingumdlavuza?

Cha, i-silicosis ayiyona umdlavuza. Ayibangeli amangqamuzana akho ukuba akhule ngokungalawuleki. Kodwa-ke, i-silicosis iyisici esiyingozi sokuthola umdlavuza wamaphaphu .

Ingabe ukuzivocavoca kuzosiza?

Ukuzivocavoca kungaba wusizo kumuntu one-silicosis. Kodwa-ke, kufanele ukhulume nodokotela wakho mayelana nohlelo lwakho lokuzivocavoca. Udokotela wakho angakudlulisela ohlelweni olubizwa ngokuthi i-pulmonary rehabilitation, oluzokunikeza ukuzivocavoca kanye nezeluleko zokusiza ukuthuthukisa ukuphefumula kwakho.

Uma ukhwehlela futhi uphefumula kanzima, futhi usebenze nge-silica nothuli oluhlobene nayo iminyaka eminingi, ungase ube ne-silicosis. Lesi sifo samaphaphu sibi kakhulu, futhi asikho ikhambi. Kodwa-ke, singelashwa. Ngakho-ke, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngokushesha bese uthatha izinyathelo ezidingekayo ukuze uhlale uphilile.

Umyalezo oya nawo ekhaya

Ngithemba ukuthi ususiqonda kangcono lesi sifo esikhulume ngaso namuhla esibizwa ngokuthi i-silicosis. Khumbula, lesi yisifo esivame ukuhlobene nomsebenzi futhi esilimaza amaphaphu.

• Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuphepha. Uma wenza umsebenzi oyingozi, sebenzisa imishini yokuphepha efanele futhi ulandele imithetho yokuphepha endaweni yokusebenza.
• Qaphela izimpawu. Ungazinaki izinto ezifana nokukhwehlela okungapheli kanye nobunzima bokuphefumula.
• Ungalibali ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha. Uma ungabaza, bona udokotela bese uhlolwa.
• Ngisho noma kutholakale ukuthi une-silicosis, ungenza impilo ibe lula ngokugwema ukubhema, ukulandela iseluleko sezokwelapha, nokuzinakekela kahle .

Sithemba ukuthi lolu lwazi luzoba usizo kuwe nakubathandekayo bakho. Hlala uphilile wonke umuntu!

I- Silicosis, isifo samaphaphu, i-silica, uthuli, ukukhwehlela, ubunzima bokuphefumula, isifo somsebenzi, i-pulmonary fibrosis