Ingabe ukhona emndenini wakho noma kumngane otholakale enomdlavuza webele? Uma kungenjalo, ungase uzizwe wesaba noma unelukuluku uma ukhuluma ngawo. Uyini ngempela umdlavuza webele ? Utholwa ngubani? Ingakanani ingozi? Ake sixoxe ngakho konke lokhu ngendlela elula kakhulu nenobungane namuhla. Ukwazi lezi zinto kubaluleke kakhulu kuwe nakubathandekayo bakho.
Odokotela bawuhlukanisa kanjani umdlavuza webele?
Umdlavuza webele awufani. Odokotela bawuhlukanisa ngezindlela ezahlukene. Bawuhlukanisa ngokusekelwe ekutheni umdlavuza uqala kuphi esifubeni, ukuthi amaseli omdlavuza anama-hormone receptors, nokuthi umdlavuza usakazeke kanjani. Lokhu kuhlukaniswa kunquma ukwelashwa futhi kunikeza umbono wamathuba okululama.
Kalula nje, kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko:
1. Ayihlaseli (iqukethe indawo eyodwa kuphela): Lokhu kusho ukuthi umdlavuza awukasabalali ngale kwalapho waqala khona. Cabanga ngawo njengokhula. Ulinganiselwe endaweni eyodwa. Isibonelo esihle salokhu yi-'Ductal Carcinoma in Situ (DCIS).' Lapha, amangqamuzana omdlavuza angaphakathi kwemigudu yobisi kuphela.
2. Ukuhlasela: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho umdlavuza ususakazeke ngale kwemisele yobisi noma izindlala ezikhiqiza ubisi (ama-lobule) lapho waqala khona, uye kwezinye izingxenye zebele noma kuma-lymph node ekhwapheni. Iningi lomdlavuza webele liwela kulesi sigaba.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, zihlukaniswa ngokwezigaba zama-receptor akhona kumaseli omdlavuza. Lawa ma-receptor ayizinto ezithinta ukukhula kwamaseli omdlavuza.
| Uhlobo Lomdlavuza | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| I-Hormone Receptor-Positive | Lawa maseli omdlavuza akhula ngenxa yama-hormone i-estrogen noma i-progesterone. Ama-cancer amabili kwamathathu ebele alolu hlobo. |
| I-HER2-Positive | Lawa maseli omdlavuza akhula ngokushesha lapho umzimba ukhiqiza iphrotheni eningi ebizwa ngokuthi i-HER2. Cishe ama-20% omdlavuza alolu hlobo. |
| Okubi Kathathu | Lezi zinhlanzana azithintwa ama-hormone noma iphrotheni ye-HER2. Ziwuhlobo olusakazeka ngokushesha futhi kunzima kakhulu ukwelapha. Cishe u-15% wamacala alolu hlobo. |
Ezinye izinhlobo ezingavamile
- Umdlavuza webele ovuvukalayo: Lolu uhlobo olungavamile olusakazeka ngokushesha kakhulu. Ibele liba bomvu futhi livuvuke.
- Isifo se-Paget se-nipple: Uhlobo lomdlavuza oluvela e-nipple.
- I-Angiosarcoma: Iqala emaseli emithambo yegazi.
- Umdlavuza Webele Owehlayo: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho amangqamuzana omdlavuza ehlukana nesifuba bese eya kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba (ngokuvamile amathambo, ubuchopho, amaphaphu, noma isibindi) ukuze akhe izimila ezintsha.
Yiziphi izici eziyingozi zomdlavuza webele?
Ezinye izinto zingandisa ingozi yakho yokuba nomdlavuza webele. Ezinye zalezi singazilawula, ezinye asikwazi.
Kodwa khumbula lokhu: Ukuba nalezi zici eziyingozi akusho ukuthi uzothola umdlavuza. Kungenzeka futhi ukuthi umuntu ongenazo lezi zici eziyingozi athole umdlavuza. Kubalulekile ukuzazi lezi ukuze sikwazi ukugxila ezintweni esingazilawula.
Nazi ezinye zezinto ezibangela ingozi enkulu:
- Ubudala: Abesifazane abangaphezu kweminyaka engu-50 basengozini enkulu.
- Umlando womndeni: Ukuba nesihlobo esiseduze, njengomama, udadewabo, noma indodakazi, esinomdlavuza webele.
- Umlando womuntu siqu: Uma wake waba nomdlavuza kwelinye ibele, usengozini yokuba nawo nakwelinye ibele.
- Ukunqamuka kokuya esikhathini: Ukuqala kokuya esikhathini ngaphambi kweminyaka eyi-12 noma ukuqala kokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini ngemva kweminyaka engama-55.
- Ukuba nezingane: Ukuthola ingane yakho yokuqala ngemva kweminyaka engama-30, ukungabi nabantwana, noma ukungancelisi izingane zakho.
- Ukwelashwa ngemisebe ngaphambilini: Njengoba ngithole ukwelashwa ngemisebe ngaphambilini endaweni yesifuba.
- Indlela Yokuphila: Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile, ukuphuza utshwala, kanye nokusebenzisa isikhathi eside ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ngama-hormone kanye namaphilisi okuvimbela inzalo.
Ungawuthola kanjani umdlavuza kusenesikhathi?
I-MammogramKuyi-X-ray yamabele. Lena yindlela engcono kakhulu yokuthola umdlavuza ngaphambi kokuba kuvele izimpawu. Uma usheshe utholakale, kulapho amathuba okwelashwa anda khona.
Uma kukhona indawo esolisayo ku-mammogram, udokotela angase atuse i-MRI, i-ultrasound scan, kanye ne-biopsy (ukuthatha ingxenye encane yezicubu ukuze ihlolwe) ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umdlavuza usakazeke kangakanani, futhi uma kunjalo, ukuthi ususakazeke kangakanani.
Izinhlangano ezahlukene zezempilo emhlabeni wonke zinikeza izincomo ezahlukene mayelana nobudala kanye nokuvama kokuhlolwa kwe-mammogram. Izincomo ezijwayelekile ukuthi ziqale ngemva kweminyaka engu-40 . Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nesimiso sokuhlolwa esikulungele kangcono.
Anjani amathuba okwelashwa kanye nokululama?
Abantu abaningi bayasinda emdlavuza webele namuhla kunanini ngaphambili, ngenxa yokutholakala kusenesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa okuthuthukisiwe.
- Uma umdlavuza ungasakazekanga ngaphandle kwebele, amathuba okusinda iminyaka emihlanu aphezulu afinyelela ku- 99% .
- Uma isakazekele kuma-lymph node aseduze, amathuba angaba ngu- 86% .
- Uma sesisabalale ezingxenyeni ezikude zomzimba (i-metastatic) , amathuba angama- 29% . Kodwa ngisho nakulesi simo, abanye abantu baphila iminyaka eminingi.
Khumbula, lezi yizibalo nje ezisekelwe kudatha evela eqenjini elikhulu labantu. Amathuba akho okusinda azoncika ohlotsheni lwakho lomdlavuza, impilo yakho, kanye nempendulo yakho ekwelashweni. Ngakho-ke ungesabi ngalezi zinombolo.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha?
Izindlela zokwelapha zincike ezintweni eziningi, okuhlanganisa uhlobo lomdlavuza onawo, ubukhulu besimila, kanye nemiphumela yama-hormone.
- Ukwelashwa kwendabuko: Ukuhlinzwa, ukwelashwa ngemisebe, kanye ne-chemotherapy kusasetshenziswa kakhulu.
- Ukwelashwa Okuqondiwe: Lokhu kuyindlela yokwelapha entsha nephumelelayo kakhulu. Isebenza ngokuhlasela amangqamuzana omdlavuza kuphela.
- Ukwelashwa ngama-hormone: Imithi efana ne-'Tamoxifen' inikezwa umdlavuza oxhomeke kuma-hormone.
- Imithi ye-HER2: Kumdlavuza one-HER2, imithi efana ne-Trastuzumab (Herceptin) ivimba iphrotheni ye-HER2 futhi imise ukukhula kwamaseli omdlavuza.
- Ukwelashwa Ngezifo Ezingalawuleki: Imithi efana ne-``Pembrolizumab (Keytruda)`` isiza amasosha omzimba wethu ukulwa namaseli omdlavuza.
- Ama-PARP Inhibitors: Imithi efana ne-'Olaparib (Lynparza)' isetshenziselwa umdlavuza one-'BRCA` gene mutations.
Udokotela wakho uzokwenza ukuhlolwa kofuzo kanye nezinye izivivinyo ukuze anqume ukwelashwa okufanele nokuphumelelayo kakhulu kuwe.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ungesabi umdlavuza webele, thola ulwazi olufanele ngawo. Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokusinda.
- Qaphela umlando womndeni wakho. Uma unezinto eziyingozi, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngazo.
- Indlela yokuphila enempilo (ukudla okuhle, ukuvivinya umzimba, ukulawula isisindo, ukunciphisa utshwala) kunganciphisa ingozi.
- Uma ungowesifazane oneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-40, thintana nodokotela wakho mayelana nokwenza i-mammogram.
- Uma ubona noma yiziphi izinguquko emabeleni akho (isigaxa, ushintsho lwesikhumba, ukuphuma kwesisu esiswini), funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha.
- Kunezindlela zokwelapha umdlavuza webele ezithuthuke kakhulu futhi eziphumelelayo namuhla, ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna ukwelashwa okufanele.
- Uma wena noma othile omaziyo ethintekile yilesi simo, ungangabazi ukufuna usizo lwezokwelapha kanye nokusekelwa kwengqondo (umndeni, abangani, izinsizakalo zokwelulekwa).
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