Ake sifunde ngomdlavuza wesisu ngamagama alula!

Namuhla sizokhuluma ngesihloko esingathi sína, kodwa esibalulekile kubantu abaningi. Lowo umdlavuza wesisu, abanye bawubiza nangokuthi `(Umdlavuza Wesisu)` . Cabanga nje, bekuzokwenzekani uma amangqamuzana angaphakathi kwesisu sethu, okungukuthi, isisu, eqala ukuhlukana ngokungalawuleki, njengokuhlanya? Yilokho okwenzekayo ngomdlavuza wesisu. Lawa maseli omdlavuza angakheka noma kuphi esiswini. Esikhathini esiningi, ikakhulukazi emazweni afana neMelika, lo mdlavuza wakheka endaweni lapho isisu kanye nomminzo wethu (okungukuthi, ithubhu elihla lisuka emphinjeni) kuhlangana khona, esikubiza ngokuthi `(i-gastroesophageal junction)` . Kodwa kwamanye amazwe afana neSri Lanka, lapho umdlavuza wesisu uvame khona, wakheka kaningi engxenyeni eyinhloko yesisu.

Into ebalulekile ukuthi cishe u-95% womdlavuza wesisu uqala ongqimbeni lwesisu, ungqimba oluphezulu lodonga. Kodwa lukhula ngokushesha kakhulu. Uma lungelashwa kahle, la maseli angakhula ndawonye akhe isimila futhi akhulele odongeni lwesisu. Ngezinye izikhathi, lesi simila singasakazeka (sisakazeke) kwezinye izitho eziseduze, njengesibindi kanye ne-pancreas.

Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuba nomdlavuza wesisu?

Eqinisweni, noma ubani angaba nomdlavuza wesisu. Kodwa-ke, kunezici ezithile ezandisa ingozi. Isibonelo:

• Uma uneminyaka engu-65 noma ngaphezulu .
• Uma uyindoda (amadoda asengozini enkulu kunabesifazane).
• Lokhu kuvamile phakathi kwamanye amaqembu ezinhlanga emhlabeni (isibonelo, eNingizimu noma eMelika Ephakathi, eMpumalanga Yurophu, njll.).

Uvame kangakanani umdlavuza wesisu?

Umdlavuza wesisu ungenye yezinhlobo zomdlavuza ezivame kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele. Kodwa-ke, awuvamile kwamanye amazwe aseNtshonalanga, njenge-United States. Eqinisweni, umdlavuza wesisu ubanga u-1.5% kuphela wabo bonke umdlavuza osanda kutholakala e-United States. Futhi inani lamacala lapho liye lehla kancane kancane eminyakeni eyi-10 edlule.

Ziyini izimpawu zomdlavuza wesisu?

Lena inkinga abantu abaningi abanayo. Ezigabeni zokuqala zomdlavuza wesisu , ngokuvamile azikho izimpawu . Leyo yingxenye eyingozi kakhulu yayo. Ngisho nezimpawu zokuqala ezivame kakhulu, njengobuhlungu besisu nokwehla kwesisindo okungachazeki, zivela kuphela ngemva kokuba umdlavuza usuqhubeke kancane.

Lezi ezinye zezimpawu ezingase zivele kumdlavuza wesisu:

• I-Anorexia , umuzwa wokungazizwa ulambile.
• Ubunzima bokugwinya (njengokungathi kukhona okubhajwe emphinjeni).
• Ukukhathala noma ubuthakathaka obuhlala njalo.
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza .
• Ukwehlisa isisindo ngaphandle kwesizathu.
• Ubuhlungu besisu kanye nokungagayeki kahle kokudla (njengomoya).
• Indle emnyama noma ukuhlanza igazi .
• Ukuzizwa ugcwele esiswini, njengokungathi isisu sigcwele umoya ngemva kokudla.
• Ubuhlungu besisu , ikakhulukazi ngaphezu kwenkinobho yesisu.
• Ukuzizwa usuthi ngisho nangemva kokudla ukudla okuncane.

Okubalulekile: Lezi zimpawu zivame ukubonakala kwezinye izimo zezokwelapha, ngakho-ke uma unalezi zimpawu, kubalulekile ukubona udokotela ukuze kutholakale ukuthi umdlavuza wesisu noma okunye.

Ungakwazi yini ukuthola isimila somdlavuza wesisu?

Kuye ngokuthi umdlavuza ususakazeke kangakanani, udokotela angase akwazi ukuzwa iqhubu esiswini sakho lapho uhlolwa. Kodwa ngokuvamile, izimpawu ziyimizwa esiswini sakho. Isisu sakho singase sizizwe sivuvukile, sigcwele, noma sibuhlungu. Lobuhlungu bungase buqale bube buncane ekuqaleni futhi bube bubi kakhulu njengoba isifo siqhubeka.

Yini ebangela umdlavuza wesisu?

Kalula nje, umdlavuza wesisu ubangelwa ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo ku -DNA yamaseli ethu esiswini. Uyazi, le DNA ifana nekhodi etshela amaseli ethu ukuthi akhule nini nokuthi afe nini. Ngenxa yalolo guquko lwezakhi zofuzo, esikhundleni sokufa, amaseli akhula ngokushesha futhi ekugcineni akhe isimila . Lawa maseli omdlavuza angadlula amaseli anempilo futhi asakazekele kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.

Abacwaningi abakakazi kahle ukuthi yini ebangela lolu shintsho lwezakhi zofuzo. Kodwa-ke, bathole ezinye izinto ezandisa ingozi yokuba nomdlavuza wesisu. Zihlanganisa:

• Uma othile emndenini eke waba nomdlavuza wesisu (isixhumanisi esizuzwe njengefa).
• Ukutheleleka ngamagciwane (i-Helicobacter pylori - H. pylori) . Lokhu kuyisici esibaluleke kakhulu.
• Isifo se-gastroesophageal reflux (GERD) (i-asidi yesisu ekhuphukela emphinjeni).
• I-Gastritis (ukuvuvukala kwesisu).
• Ukutheleleka ngegciwane le-Epstein-Barr .
• Uma uke waba nezilonda esiswini noma ama-polyps ngaphambilini.
• Ukudla ngokweqile ukudla okunamafutha, okunosawoti, okubhemayo noma okufakwe usawoti .
• Ukudla ukudla okunezithelo nemifino eningi .
• Ukuchayeka njalo ezintweni ezifana namalahle, insimbi, kanye nerabha.
• Ukubhema, ukuvasa, noma ukuhlafuna ugwayi .
• Ukuphuza utshwala ngokweqile .
• Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile .
• `(I-autoimmune atrophic gastritis)` (isimo lapho amasosha omzimba ehlasela khona amangqamuzana esisu).

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezimo eziningana zofuzo ezandisa ingozi yomdlavuza wesisu:

• `(Isifo seLynch)`
• `(Isifo sikaPeutz-Jeghers)`
• `(I-Li-Fraumeni syndrome)`
• `(I-polyposis ye-adenomatous yomndeni)`
• "(Umdlavuza wesisu osabalala ngokwefa)"
• `(Ukuntuleka kwamasosha omzimba okuvamile - CVID)`

Nakuba abacwaningi bengakwazi ukukhomba imbangela eqondile, kuye kwaphawulwa ukuthi abantu abanohlobo lwegazi 'A' bathambekele ekubeni nomdlavuza wesisu.

Umdlavuza wesisu utholakala kanjani?

Uma ubona udokotela, bazobuza ngomlando wakho wezokwelapha, babuze ngezimpawu zakho, futhi benze ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba ukuze bahlole noma yiziphi izigaxa esiswini sakho. Bangase benze izivivinyo eziningana ukuze bathole umdlavuza wesisu futhi banqume ukuthi ususakazeke kangakanani ('isigaba').

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi isigaba somdlavuza . Yilokhu okusiza udokotela ukuqonda ukuthi umdlavuza ususakazeke kangakanani. Kumdlavuza wesisu, lezi zigaba ziqala ku-0 (zero) kuya ku-IV (ezine). Isigaba 0 sisho ukuthi umdlavuza awusakazekanga ngale kolwelwesi lwesisu. Isigaba IV sisho ukuthi ususakazeke kwezinye izitho zomzimba.

Lezi yizivivinyo ezivame ukwenziwa:

• I-endoscopy ephezulu: Lena yindlela evame kakhulu yokuxilonga umdlavuza wesisu. Kule nqubo, udokotela ufaka ithubhu elincane (elibizwa ngokuthi i-endoscope) elinekhamera encane ekugcineni ngomlomo wakho bese lehla liye esiswini sakho. Izinsimbi ezincane zokuhlinza zidluliselwa nge-endoscope ukuze kuthathwe ucezu oluncane lwezicubu (i-biopsy) odongeni lwesisu. Izicubu zibe sezithunyelwa elabhorethri ukuze zihlolwe amangqamuzana omdlavuza.
• I-ultrasound ye-Endoscopic: Lolu futhi uhlobo olukhethekile lwe-endoscopy. Lusiza ekunqumeni isigaba somdlavuza. I-endoscope esetshenziswa kulokhu ifakwe i-probe ye-ultrasound, engathatha izithombe zesisu. Lokhu kungasetshenziswa ukubona ukuthi umdlavuza ususakazeke kusukela odongeni lwesisu kuya odongeni lwesisu.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-X-ray: Lokhu kufaka phakathi ama-CT scan , ama-barium swallows ( lapho uphuza khona uketshezi olukhethekile olwenza ulwelwesi lwesisu sakho lubonakale ku-X-ray), kanye nama-MRI . Lokhu kungasiza ekuboneni izimila ezinomdlavuza kanye nezinye izinkinga ezingase zihlobane nomdlavuza. I-PET scan ingasetshenziswa futhi ukubona ukuthi umdlavuza ususakazeke emzimbeni wakho wonke.
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Lokhu kungakunikeza ulwazi mayelana nokuthi izitho zakho zisebenza kanjani. Uma isitho singasebenzi kahle, kungabonisa ukuthi umdlavuza kungenzeka ukuthi ususakazekele kuleyo sitho.
• I-Laparoscopy: Lolu uhlobo lokuhlinzwa. Lwenziwa uma izindlela ezingangenisi kakhulu njengokuthatha izithombe zinganikezi ulwazi olwanele mayelana nobukhulu bomdlavuza. Kulokhu, udokotela wenza amanxeba ambalwa esiswini sakho bese efaka ikhamera encane kuwo ukuze abheke ngqo izitho zomzimba.

Ngenxa yokuthi umdlavuza wesisu awuvamile emazweni afana ne-United States, akuyona indlela yokuhlola evamile yawo wonke umuntu. Kodwa-ke, uma unesifo esanda ingozi yokuba nomdlavuza wesisu, udokotela wakho angase akuncome ukuthi wenze izivivinyo ezivamile, njenge-endoscopy ephezulu, ukuze uhlole izinguquko zomdlavuza. Buza udokotela wakho ukuthi yini okufanele uyenze ngokusekelwe engcupheni yakho.

Umdlavuza wesisu welashwa kanjani?

Izinketho zokwelapha zincike ekutheni umdlavuza wakho ususabalale kangakanani, impilo yakho iyonke, kanye nezinketho zakho zokwelapha. Lokhu kuvame ukuhilela ithimba lodokotela, okuhlanganisa udokotela womndeni wakho, udokotela wezifo zomdlavuza, kanye nodokotela wezifo zamathumbu . Bazokweluleka ngezinketho zokwelapha ezingcono kakhulu kuwe.

Ukuhlinzwa

Kuye ngokuthi umdlavuza ungakanani, udokotela wakho angase akuncomele ukuhlinzwa ukuze kususwe amangqamuzana omdlavuza, isimila, noma ingxenye noma sonke isisu.

• Ukususwa nge-endoscopy ephezulu: Ezigabeni zokuqala, lapho umdlavuza ukhawulelwe ezingqimbeni ezingaphezulu zesisu, umdlavuza ungasuswa nge-endoscopy ephezulu. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi i-endoscopic submucosal dissection noma i-endoscopic mucosal resection . Kulokhu, udokotela wesisu usika isimila somdlavuza odongeni lwesisu bese esisusa ngomlomo wakho.
• Ukususwa Kwesisu: Uma umdlavuza ususakazeke ngale kwezingqimba ezingaphezulu kwesisu, kungase kudingeke ukuhlinzwa ukuze kususwe ingxenye noma sonke isisu. Ukususwa kwesisu okuphelele kususa kuphela ingxenye yesisu ethintekile umdlavuza. Ukususwa kwesisu okuphelele kususa sonke isisu. Ngemva kokuba isisu sonke sisusiwe, udokotela uzoxhumanisa umphimbo wakho kanye namathumbu amancane ukuze uqhubeke nokudla.

Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha

Lezi zindlela zokwelapha zihlasela ngqo amangqamuzana omdlavuza.

• `(Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali - i-chemo)` (ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali): Lokhu kusebenzisa imithi ukunciphisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Lokhu kwenza kube lula ukuwasusa ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa. `(Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali)` kusetshenziselwa futhi ukubulala noma yimaphi amangqamuzana omdlavuza asele ngemva kokuhlinzwa. Ngokuvamile kunikezwa kanye nokwelashwa ngemisebe. `(Ukwelashwa ngemithi okuqondiwe)` kunganikezwa futhi ne-`(i-chemo)`.
• Ukwelashwa ngemisebe: Lokhu kusebenzisa imisebe yamandla eqondiwe, njenge-X-ray, ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Ukwelashwa ngemisebe kukodwa akusebenzi kahle kakhulu kumdlavuza wesisu. Kodwa-ke, kunganikezwa kanye ne-chemotherapy ngaphambi nangemva kokuhlinzwa. Ukwelashwa ngemisebe kungasiza futhi ekunciphiseni izimpawu.
• Ukwelashwa ngemithi okuqondiwe:Lokhu kuhlasela ubuthakathaka bamangqamuzana omdlavuza futhi kubangele ukuba afe. ​​Ngokuvamile kunikezwa kanye ne-chemotherapy yomdlavuza obuye wavela noma oqhubekile.
• Ukwelashwa Ngezifo Ezingalawuleki: Lokhu kusiza amasosha omzimba wakho ukuthi abone futhi abhubhise amangqamuzana omdlavuza akunzima ukuwabona. Lokhu kuvame ukusetshenziselwa umdlavuza ophindaphindayo noma onamandla.
• Ukunakekelwa kwe-palliative: Lokhu kusiza ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yempilo yakho njengomuntu ophila nomdlavuza. Ukunakekelwa kwe-palliative kuyisevisi yezokwelapha ekhethekile. Kungafaka phakathi odokotela, abahlengikazi, kanye nabanye ochwepheshe abangasiza ekunciphiseni izimpawu. Ungathola lolu sizo ngaphezu kwezinsizakalo ozithola kodokotela bakho abavamile. Ungathola lolu kunakekelwa kwe-palliative kanye nezinye izindlela zokwelapha.

Ingabe umdlavuza wesisu ungavinjelwa?

Nakuba umdlavuza wesisu ungenakuvinjelwa ngokuphelele, unganciphisa ingozi yakho ngokwenza okulandelayo:

• Uma uhlolwe ukutheleleka kwe-H. pylori , thola ukwelashwa . Ukutheleleka kwe-H. pylori kuyisici esikhulu esiyingozi somdlavuza wesisu.
• Thola ukwelashwa okusheshayo kwezilonda zesisu, i-gastritis, nezinye izimo zesisu. Izifo zesisu ezingelashwanga, ikakhulukazi lezo ezibangelwa yibhaktheriya i-H. pylori, zandisa ingozi yomdlavuza wesisu.
• Yidla ukudla okunempilo. Ukudla ukudla okunempilo okunezithelo nemifino eminingi kanye nosawoti omncane nenyama ebomvu kunganciphisa ingozi yakho yomdlavuza wesisu. Ukudla okucebile ngevithamini C, i-beta-carotene, nama -carotenoid (isib. izithelo ze-citrus, imifino eluhlaza, izaqathi) kuyimithombo emihle yalezi zakhi ezibalulekile.
• Gwema ukubhema nokusebenzisa imikhiqizo kagwayi. Ukusebenzisa ugwayi akwandisanga nje kuphela ingozi yomdlavuza wesisu, kodwa nezinye izinhlobo eziningi zomdlavuza.
• Gcina isisindo esinempilo. Lokho okwakha isisindo esinempilo kuyahlukahluka kuye ngomuntu nomuntu. Buza udokotela wakho ukuthi isisindo esinempilo siyini kuwe.

Ingabe umdlavuza wesisu ungelapheka?

Umdlavuza wesisu ungelapheka uma utholakala kusenesikhathi. Kodwa-ke, isikhathi esiningi, izimpawu zibonakala sekwephuzile ngesikhathi isifo sitholakala, okusho ukuthi umdlavuza ungase ube sesigabeni esithuthukile. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngezinto ezingathinta umphumela wokwelashwa kwakho.

Iyini iphrojekthi kubantu abanomdlavuza wesisu?

Umbono womdlavuza wesisu uncike esigabeni somdlavuza. Labo abatholakale besesigabeni sokuqala banesimo esingcono kunalabo abatholakale besesigabeni esiphezulu. Izinga lokusinda kweminyaka emihlanu lomdlavuza wesisu lingasukela ku-70% (uma umdlavuza ungasabalali kahle) liye ku-6% (uma usabalale kakhulu), kuye ngokuthi umdlavuza ususabalale kangakanani.

Khuluma nodokotela wakho ukuze uthole ukuhlolwa okunembile kwesimo sakho. Uhlobo lomdlavuza onalo, ukuthi ususakazeke kangakanani, impilo yakho iyonke, kanye nendlela umdlavuza wakho osabela ngayo ekwelashweni konke kuthinta ukubikezela kwakho.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Uma usengozini enkulu yokuba nomdlavuza wesisu, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngezinzuzo kanye nokubi kokuhlolwa njalo. Ngaphandle kwalokho, naka izimpawu zakho. Izimpawu eziningi ezihambisana nomdlavuza wesisu zingaba yizimpawu zezinye izimo. Udokotela kuphela ongenza ukuxilongwa okuqondile.

Bona udokotela uma unezimpawu ezifana nobuhlungu besisu kanye nokwehla kwesisindo okungachazeki, noma ngabe unalezi zimpawu ezilandelayo noma cha:

• Ubunzima bokudla.
• Uhudo.
• Isicanucanu.
• Indle enegazi noma emnyama.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela wami?

Ungabuza imibuzo efana nale:

• Uphi umdlavuza?
• Nginasiphi isigaba somdlavuza?
• Lokhu kuthinta kanjani ukubikezela kwami?
• Ngiziphi izindlela zokwelapha engingazithatha?
• Ziyini izinzuzo zalokhu kwelashwa? Yiziphi izingozi ezingaba khona?
• Ingabe zikhona ezinye izindlela zokwelapha?
• Ukuxilongwa nokwelashwa kwami ​​​​komdlavuza kuzothinta kanjani impilo yami yansuku zonke?
• Ingabe kufanele ngithole umbono wesibili?

Okokugcina, khumbula (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Umdlavuza wesisu ungase ungavinjelwa njalo. Kodwa uma utholakala kusenesikhathi, cishe uzokwelashwa futhi welapheke. Kuye ngokuthi utholakale umdlavuza yini, udokotela wakho angase akuncomele ukuhlinzwa ukuze kususwe amangqamuzana omdlavuza noma izimila. Noma bangase basikisele inhlanganisela yezindlela zokwelapha ezingabulala noma zinciphise amangqamuzana omdlavuza.

Okubaluleke kakhulu, umbono wakho uzoncika ezintweni eziningana ongaxoxa ngazo nodokotela wakho. Unganqikazi ukubuza ngezinketho zokwelapha, izinzuzo zazo, kanye nezingozi. Funa isiqondiso kodokotela bakho mayelana nokuthi ukuxilongwa kwakho komdlavuza kuzokuthinta kanjani. Kuyilungelo lakho ukuzwiwa nokuqondwa ngaphandle kokwesaba noma ukungabaza. Hlala uphilile!

Umdlavuza wesisu, umdlavuza wesisu, izimpawu zomdlavuza, umdlavuza wesisu, i-H. pylori, i-endoscopy, ukwelashwa komdlavuza, ingozi yomdlavuza