Uyakhumbula ngesikhathi useyingane wawa ngenkathi udlala wabuya ekhaya unedolo eliphukile? Umama wakho wayezokwesaba, ethi, "O, angazi ukuthi ngabe ngibhajwe yini yisipikili esigqwalile, kuzodingeka ngithole umjovo we-tetanus." Noma mhlawumbe uke wezwa abantu bethi, "Ngidinga umjovo we-tetanus" uma usika isandla sakho ngommese ngenkathi wenza imisebenzi yasekhaya. Ngakho-ke, iyini ngempela i-tetanus? Kungani umuthi wokugomela ubaluleke kangaka? Ake sixoxe ngalokhu kalula, ngendlela wonke umuntu angayiqonda.
Kuyini ngempela ukujova i-Tetanus?
Kalula nje, umuthi wokugomela i-tetanus uwumuthi wokugomela osivikela ekuthelelekeni okuyingozi kwebhaktheriya okubizwa ngokuthi i-tetanus. Uma uthola lesi sifo, umhlathi wakho uba lukhuni futhi awukwazi ukuvula umlomo wakho, yingakho abanye abantu bewubiza ngokuthi 'i-lockjaw'. Lesi yisifo esibuhlungu kakhulu futhi ngezinye izikhathi esibulalayo.
Into engcono kakhulu ukuthi ingavinjelwa ngokuphelele ngomuthi wokugomela. Amabhaktheriya abangela ukhunta asizungezile. Lawa mabhaktheriya angatholakala enhlabathini, othulini, nasensimbini egqwalile. Yingakho odokotela bethi kufanele sithole lolu chungechunge lwemithi yokugomela lapho sisebancane bese sithola imijovo yokuqinisa njengoba sesikhulile.
Lo muthi wokugomela uvame ukunikezwa engalweni engenhla. Ngokuvamile, lo muthi wokugomela i-tetanus toxoid uhlanganiswa neminye imijovo eminingana ukuze uvikeleke kwezinye izifo eziningana.
| Igama lomjovo | Izifo ezivikelwe | Ngokuvamile inikwa bani? |
|---|---|---|
| I-DTaP | I-Diphtheria, i-Tetanus, kanye ne-Pertussis | Kwabantwana abancane abangaphansi kweminyaka engu-6 ubudala. |
| I-Tdap | I-Tetanus, i-Diphtheria, kanye ne-Pertussis | Kubantwana asebekhulile, intsha kanye nabantu abadala. |
| I-Td | I-Tetanus kanye ne-Diphtheria | Ngokuvamile njengomjovo wokuqinisa abantu abadala. |
Lo mjovo usebenza kanjani emizimbeni yethu?
Cabanga ngakho njengokuqeqesha ibutho lethu ngokubakhombisa isithombe sesitha. Lokho okwenziwa yilo mjovo ukusinika ikhophi engenangozi, ebuthaka yobuthi obukhiqizwa yibhaktheriya ebangela lesi sifo. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi umjovo 'we-toxoid'.
Khona-ke isimiso sethu somzimba sokuzivikela siyabona lesi 'sitha' bese siqala ukwenza izikhali ezikhethekile, ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-antibodies, ukuze silwe naso. Khona-ke, uma amagciwane angempela engena emzimbeni ngesilonda, isimiso sethu somzimba sokuzivikela, njengoba sesiqeqeshwe kusengaphambili, sizosihlasela ngempumelelo futhi sisisindise ekuguleni.
Kufanele ngithole nini umuthi wokugomela isimungumungwane?
Lena inkinga abantu abaningi abanayo. Ingabe kufanele uyisebenzise kuphela uma ulimele? Cha. Khumbula lezi zimo:
- Uma unenxeba elijulile noma elingcolile: Uma unenxeba elijulile elivezwe ezintweni ezifana nezipikili ezigqwalile, ucingo, ukungcola, noma amathe ezilwane, kubalulekile ukuthola umjovo zingakapheli amahora angu-48 . Uma sekudlule iminyaka engaphezu kwemi-5 kusukela wagcina ukuthola umjovo wokuqinisa noma uma ungakhumbuli, qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela bese uthola umjovo.
- Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa: Odokotela batusa ukuthi abesifazane abakhulelwe bathole umuthi wokugomela i-Tdap. Lokhu akugcini nje ngokuvikela umama, kodwa futhi kuvikela nomntwana ongakazalwa ekukhwehleleni okukhwehlelayo ezinyangeni ezimbalwa zokuqala zokuphila kwakhe.
- Njengengxenye yesimiso sokugoma izingane njalo: Lo mjovo unikezwa izingane ezineminyaka efanele ngaphansi koHlelo Lukazwelonke Lokugoma eSri Lanka.
- Njalo eminyakeni eyi-10: Ngemva kokuqeda uchungechunge lokugoma izingane, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthola umjovo wokukhulisa izingane njalo eminyakeni eyi-10 ukuze ulondoloze ukuvikelwa kwakho njengomuntu omdala.
Uhlelo lokugoma olujwayelekile
Uhlelo olunconywayo ngokuvamile lulandelayo:
- Ezinyangeni ezimbili
- Ezinyangeni ezi-4
- Ezinyangeni ezi-6
- Phakathi kwezinyanga ezingu-15 nezingu-18
- Phakathi kweminyaka engu-4 nengu-6 ubudala
- Phakathi kweminyaka eyi-11 neyi-12 ubudala
- Bese kuthi njalo eminyakeni eyi-10
Ingabe bakhona abantu okungafanele bathole lo muthi wokugomela?
Yebo, kunezinyathelo ezithile zokuqapha ezikhethekile okufanele uzithathe ngaphambi kokugonywa. Uma wena noma ingane yakho ninanoma yiziphi zalezi zimo, kufanele nikhulume nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokugonywa.
- Uma uthola umuthi wokugomela isimungumungwane ngaphambiliniUma kwenzeka into efana nokusabela okukhulu kokungezwani komzimba, ukuquleka, noma ukulahlekelwa ukwazi.
- Uma unesifo sesimiso sezinzwa esibizwa ngokuthi i-Guillain-Barré Syndrome .
- Uma uke waba nokuxhuzula ngaphambili.
- Uma uke waba nobuhlungu obukhulu noma ukuvuvukala ngemva kokujova kwangaphambilini.
- Uma unesinye isimo sezokwelapha esithinta uhlelo lwezinzwa.
- Uma usanda kufakelwa isitho.
Futhi, tshela udokotela wakho nganoma yimiphi imithi oyithathayo. Ikakhulukazi imithi efana ne-corticosteroids, ukwelashwa komdlavuza, kanye nemithi ecindezela amasosha omzimba ingasebenzisana nalo muthi wokugomela.
Ingabe ikhona imiphumela emibi yomuthi wokugomela isimungumungwane?
Njengeminye imijovo yokugoma, lena ingaba nemiphumela emibi emincane. Kodwa ungakhathazeki, lokhu kuvame ukuphela phakathi nosuku noma ezimbili.
| Uhlobo lomphumela ongemuhle | Izibonelo |
|---|---|
| Imiphumela emibi emincane nevamile | |
| Izinto ezivame ukubonwa | Ukuvuvukala, ukubomvu, kanye nobuhlungu endaweni yokujova (lokhu kuvamile kakhulu). Ubuhlungu bemisipha engalweni. Ukukhathala, ukucasuka ezinganeni ezincane, ikhanda elibuhlungu, ukulahlekelwa yisifiso sokudla, izinga lokushisa lomzimba (umkhuhlane ophansi), isicanucanu/ukuhlanza, noma isifo sohudo. |
| Imiphumela emibi kakhulu engabonakali kakhulu (ikakhulukazi ezinganeni ezincane) | |
| Izinto ezidinga ukunakwa ngokushesha | Ukukhala ngokungalawuleki amahora amaningi, umkhuhlane ongaphezu kuka-40 Celsius (105 Fahrenheit), ukuxhuzula, ukuvuvukala kwengalo noma umlenze wonke. Uma kwenzeka noma yikuphi kwalokhu, bona udokotela ngokushesha. |
Into ebaluleke kakhulu!Akuvamile kakhulu, abanye abantu bangase babe nokusabela okukhulu kokungezwani komzimba (i-anaphylaxis) emgomeni. Uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezifana nobunzima bokuphefumula, ukuvuvukala kobuso, izindebe noma ulimi, ukuqubuka, noma ukuhlanza, kuyisimo esiphuthumayo. Shayela u-911 ngokushesha bese uthola i-ambulensi, noma uye emnyangweni wezimo eziphuthumayo esibhedlela esiseduze (i-ETU) ngokushesha okukhulu.
Usebenza kangakanani umuthi wokugoma?
Ochwepheshe bathi uma uqeda uchungechunge lokugoma oludingekayo, uvikelekile ngaphezu kuka-99% ku-measles. Lona umuthi wokugoma osebenza kahle kakhulu. Yingakho i-measles ingavamile kulezi zinsuku.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Isimungumungwane siyisifo esiyingozi, kodwa singavinjelwa ngokuphelele ngomjovo.
- Qiniseka ukuthi ingane yakho ithola yonke imijovo yokugoma eneminyaka efanele. Njengomuntu omdala, thola umjovo wokukhulisa njalo eminyakeni eyi-10.
- Uma uthola isilonda esijulile nesingcolile, ikakhulukazi uma sekudlule iminyaka engaphezu kwemihlanu kusukela ekugonyweni kwakho kokugcina, bona udokotela ngokushesha.
- Ngaphambi kokuthola noma yimuphi umuthi wokugoma, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngomlando wakho wezokwelapha kanye nemithi oyiphuzayo.
- Imiphumela emibi emincane ivamile futhi ungakhathazeki ngayo. Kodwa qaphela izimpawu zokungezwani komzimba okukhulu.
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