Wake wezwa ngendlala ebizwa ngokuthi "i-Thymus"? Mhlawumbe akunjalo. Iyisitho esincane kakhulu, kodwa esibalulekile esisebenza njengeqhawe ohlelweni lokuzivikela lomzimba wethu, ikakhulukazi lapho sisebancane. Le thymus isebenza 'njengesikole sokuqeqesha amasosha' esiqeqesha amasosha emizimbeni yethu. Ngakho-ke namuhla, ake sixoxe ngaleli qhawe elincane elifihliwe emizimbeni yethu, ngamazwi alula.
Kalula nje, iyini le thymus?
I-thymus iyi-gland encane eyingxenye yesistimu yethu ye-lymphatic . Manje ungase uzibuze ukuthi iyini le sistimu ye-lymphatic. Kulula kakhulu. Cabanga ngomzimba wethu njengomuzi omkhulu. Lo muzi udinga uhlelo lokuzivikela ukuze uvikeleke ezitheni ezibizwa ngokuthi izifo namagciwane. Uhlelo lwe-lymphatic luyingxenye enkulu yalolo hlelo lokuzivikela. Izitho zomzimba ezifana nama-tonsils akho, i-spleen, kanye ne-appendix zonke ziyingxenye yalolu hlelo.
Ngakho-ke, kulo lonke lolu hlelo lokuzivikela, amasosha omzimba ethu, i-thymus idlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu. Isisiza ukulwa namagciwane.
Kwenzekani ngempela ngesikhathi sokuya esikhathini?
Umsebenzi oyinhloko nobaluleke kakhulu we-thymus ukuqeqesha uhlobo olukhethekile lweseli elimhlophe legazi emzimbeni wethu. Sibiza lawa maseli amhlophe egazi ngokuthi ama-T-lymphocyte noma ama-T-cell .
Cabanga ngale ndlela. Ifektri yethu yomnkantsha ikhiqiza iqembu elisha 'lamasosha' angaqeqeshiwe (ama-lymphocyte). Kodwa laba bantu abakwazi ukulwa ngqo nezifo. Badinga ukuqeqeshwa okukhethekile. I-thymus 'yisikole sokuqeqesha ezempi' esinikeza lolo qeqesho.
Lawa ma-lymphocyte angaqeqeshwanga ahamba ngegazi aye ku-thymus, lapho eba khona ama-T-cell anekhono, akhethekile bese ephothula. Lawa ma-T-cell aqeqeshwe abe esehamba aye kuma-lymph node ethu nakwezinye izitho ohlelweni lwe-lymphatic, elungele noma yikuphi ukulwa. Lapho igciwane lingena emzimbeni wethu, lawa ma-T-cell yiwo aya phambili alwe futhi asivikele.
Akukhona lokho kuphela, i-thymus isebenza njengengxenye yesistimu yethu ye-endocrine . Okusho ukuthi, iyingxenye yesistimu ekhiqiza ama-hormone adingekayo ukuze umzimba usebenze. Nazi ezinye zama-hormone akhiqizwa yi-thymus:
- I-Thymopoietin: Lokhu kukhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwama-T-cell futhi kubonise i-pituitary gland ebuchosheni bethu ukuthi ikhiphe amanye ama-hormone.
- I-Thymosin ne-thymulin: Lokhu kusiza ekudaleni izinhlobo ezithile zama-T-cell.
- I-Thymic humoral factor: Le hormone isiza ukugcina amasosha omzimba ethu esebenza kahle.
I-thymus isebenza kakhulu kuliphi iminyaka?
Lena into emangalisa kakhulu. I-thymus isebenza kakhulu ebuntwaneni . Eqinisweni, ngaphambi kokuba uzalwe, usesesibelethweni sikamama wakho, i-thymus yakho iqala ukwenza ama-T-cell. Iyaqhubeka nokwenza ama-T-cell ebuntwaneni bonke.
Ngesikhathi ufika esikhathini sokuthomba , i-thymus yakho isikhiqize iningi lama-T-cell ozowadinga impilo yakho yonke. Njengoba nje ibutho elikhulu liqeqeshwa futhi lithunyelwa ukuvikela izwe, futhi inhloko yesikole sokuqeqesha ithatha umhlalaphansi, ngemva kokuthomba i-thymus iqala ukuncipha kancane kancane. Isikhala esinciphile asiphumi, kodwa kunalokho sigcwele amafutha. Lokhu kuvamile ngokuphelele.
Ikuphi le thymus? Ngingayibona kanjani?
I-thymus itholakala engxenyeni engenhla yesifuba sethu, ngqo ngemuva kwethambo lesifuba (sternum) . Ngokuqondile, itholakala phakathi kwamaphaphu amabili, ngaphezulu kancane naphambi kwenhliziyo.
Iyindlala epinki ekhanyayo nempunga. Yakhiwe ngama-lobes amabili angakahleleki. I-thymus inkulu kakhulu uma iqhathaniswa nobukhulu bayo ezinsaneni nasezinganeni. Ifinyelela isisindo sayo esiphezulu, cishe amagremu angu-28 (i-ounce elilodwa), ngesikhathi sokuthomba. Bese incipha kancane kancane njengoba sikhula.
Yiziphi izifo ezingathinta i-thymus?
Ngokuvamile, asivamile ukuba nezinkinga nge-thymus ekuphileni kwethu kwansuku zonke. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izifo nezinkinga ezingavamile zingavela. Kunezimo ezahlukahlukene kusukela ezifweni zofuzo ezikhona lapho umuntu ezalwa kuya kumdlavuza owenzeka lapho umuntu ekhulile. Ake sikuqonde kalula kusukela kuthebula elingezansi.
| Isimo | Kalula nje... |
|---|---|
| I-DiGeorge syndrome | Lesi yisimo sokuzalwa. Kulesi simo, i-thymus yengane ayikho lapho izalwa, noma incane kakhulu futhi ayikhuli kahle. Ngenxa yalokho, amasosha omzimba wengane abuthakathaka kakhulu, futhi isengozini enkulu yokutheleleka njalo futhi okukhulu. |
| Isifo sokuxhunyelelwana kwe-graft-versus-host | Uma ingane ene-DiGeorge syndrome itshalwa nge-thymus evela kumntwana oshonile, amasosha omzimba wengane angabuyiselwa ngezinga elithile. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi, amangqamuzana avela ku-thymus esanda kutshalwa aqala ukuhlasela amangqamuzana engane. Yingakho ibizwa kanje. |
| Izixuku ze-Mediastinal | Ingxenye ephakathi yesifuba lapho i-thymus itholakala khona ibizwa ngokuthi i-mediastinum. Noma yiliphi iqhubu, isikhwama esigcwele uketshezi (i-cyst), noma ukukhubazeka okwenzeka kule ndawo kubizwa ngaleli gama. Lokhu kungaba umdlavuza noma cha. |
| I-Thymoma kanye ne-thymic carcinoma - Umdlavuza we-Thymus | Lezi yizinhlobo ezimbili ezingavamile zomdlavuza eziqala emaseli amboze i-thymus. I-Thymoma ifana namaseli e-thymus ajwayelekile, ikhula kancane, futhi cishe ayinakusabalala kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba. I-Thymic carcinoma ayifani namaseli avamile, ikhula ngokushesha, futhi kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi isabalale kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba. |
Ezinye izifo ezihlobene nomdlavuza we-thymus
Ngezinye izikhathi, ezinye izimo zezokwelapha ezingahlobene ngqo nezimila ze-thymus zingavela.
- I-Myasthenia gravis: Lesi yisifo esibangelwa ukuzivikela komzimba. Kulesi simo, amasosha omzimba wethu enza ama-antibodies avimba izimpawu ezivela ezinzwa zethu ziye emisipheni yethu. Lokhu kubangela ubuthakathaka obukhulu bemisipha.
- I-aplasia yamaseli abomvu ahlanzekile: Kulesi simo, umzimba awukwazi ukwenza amaseli abomvu amasha egazi, okubangela i-anemia enzima.
- I-Hypogammaglobulinemia: Amazinga aphansi kakhulu ama-antibodies emzimbeni, okunciphisa ikhono lomzimba lokumelana nezifo.
Into ebalulekile ukuthi eziningi zalezi zifo azivamile. Ngakho-ke ungesabi ngokungadingekile ngokufunda ngazo. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela.
Ziyini izimpawu zomdlavuza we-thymus?
Kunezimpawu eziningana ezivamile zomdlavuza we-thymus. Uma unesinye noma ngaphezulu kwalezi zimpawu isikhathi eside, kuwukuhlakanipha ukubona udokotela.
- Ubuhlungu esifubeni esingaphezulu (ubuhlungu endaweni lapho kukhona khona i-thymus)
- Ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo okungenakuvinjelwa
- Ubunzima bokuphefumula
- Ukuhosha kwezwi
- Ukuvuvukala kobuso, intamo, isifuba esingaphezulu, noma izingalo
Lezi zimpawu zingaba futhi izimpawu zezinye izifo eziningi ezivamile. Ngakho-ke ungesabi ucabange ukuthi umdlavuza. Kodwa ungazinaki lezi zimpawu. Into engcono kakhulu ongayenza ukubona udokotela womndeni wakho bese ukhuluma ngakho.
Singaphila yini ngaphandle kwe-thymus?
Lona umbuzo omuhle. Njengoba sixoxile ngaphambili, umsebenzi oyinhloko we-thymus usebuntwaneni nasebusheni. Ngesikhathi umuntu omdala ezalwa, usekhiqize ama-T-cell anele okuphila. Ngakho-ke, umuntu omdala angaphila ngaphandle kwe-thymus. Uma, ngesizathu esithile, i-thymus yomuntu omdala idinga ukususwa ngokuhlinzwa, ngeke ibangele izinkinga ezinkulu zempilo.
Kodwa-ke, uma i-thymus gland yosana noma ingane encane kufanele isuswe, ingabangela izinkinga ezinkulu zempilo. Ngenxa yokuthi amasosha omzimba ayo awakakhuli ngokugcwele, ingane enjalo ingase ibe sengozini enkulu yokuthola izifo, ihlaselwe yizifo ezibangelwa amasosha omzimba, ihlaselwe yi-allergies, futhi ibe nengozi enkulu yokuba nomdlavuza.
Ingabe i-thymus ne-thyroid zizinto ezimbili ezihlukene?
Yebo! Abantu abaningi bayadideka ngoba la magama amabili afana kancane. Kodwa i-thymus ne-thyroid ziyizindlala ezimbili ezihlukene ngokuphelele. Indawo yazo, umsebenzi wazo, konke kuhlukile.
| Isici | I-Thymus | Indlala yegilo |
|---|---|---|
| Indawo | Engxenyeni engenhla yesifuba, ngemuva kwethambo lesifuba. | Ngaphambili entanyeni, ngaphansi kwe-larynx (ibhokisi lezwi). |
| Uhlelo oluphethwe ngumnikazi | Ngokuyinhloko uhlelo lokuzivikela komzimba kanye nohlelo lwe-lymphatic. | Ngokuyinhloko uhlelo lwe-Endocrine. |
| Umsebenzi oyinhloko | Ukuqeqeshwa nokuvuthwa kwamaseli e-T (amaseli omzimba). | Ukukhiqizwa kwama-hormone alawula ukukhula komzimba kanye nokusetshenziswa kwawo ngendlela efanele. |
Uyabona, akunjalo? Lezi yizindaba ezimbili ezihluke ngokuphelele.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-thymus iyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yesimiso sethu somzimba sokuzivikela. Ifana nesikole sokuqeqesha esiqeqesha amasosha okuzivikela emizimbeni yethu, abizwa ngokuthi ama-T-cell.
- Le ndlala isebenza kakhulu ebuntwaneni. Kujwayelekile ukuthi inciphe kancane kancane ngemva kokuthomba.
- Izifo ezihlobene ne-thymus azivamile, kodwa uma unezimpawu ezifana nobuhlungu besifuba, ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo, noma ubunzima bokuphefumula, ungesabi futhi ufune iseluleko sezokwelapha.
- I-thymus ne-thyroid azifani. Izindawo nemisebenzi yazo kuhluke ngokuphelele.
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