Ingabe unesifo somphimbo esingapheli ezinsukwini ezimbalwa? Noma uthola ukuthi ithonsi elilodwa libukeka likhulu kunelinye uma uzibuka esibukweni? Sivame ukuzilahla lezi zinto njengomkhuhlane ovamile noma ithonsi elivuvukele. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi, lezi zingaba izimpawu zokuqala zento engathi sína kakhulu, okungukuthi umdlavuza wethonsi. Ungakhathazeki, akudingeki wesabe uma uzwa leli gama. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukwaziswa kahle ngalokhu. Namuhla, sizoxoxa ngalokhu ngendlela elula ongayiqonda.
Kalula nje, uyini umdlavuza wamathonsi?
Umdlavuza we-tonsil umdlavuza okhula ezindlaleni ezimbili ezingemuva komphimbo wakho ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-tonsil. Lawa ma-tonsil atholakala odongeni lwangemuva lomphimbo wakho, noma ingxenye yomphimbo wakho ebizwa ngokuthi "i-pharynx." Eqinisweni, umdlavuza we-tonsil ungenye yezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zomdlavuza okhula emphinjeni, noma "umdlavuza we-oropharyngeal."
Ingxenye engcono kakhulu ukuthi lo mdlavuza cishe ungelapheka ngokuphelele uma utholakale kusenesikhathi, ngaphambi kokuba usakazekele kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba. Yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela izimpawu.
Kodwa lokhu akuyona umdlavuza ovame kakhulu. Lokho kusho ukuthi akusona isifo esithinta wonke umuntu. Kodwa kuhle ngabantu abanezici eziyingozi ukuba baqaphele kakhulu ngalokhu.
Kufanele ukhathazeke ngalezi zimpawu.
Uphawu oluyinhloko noluvame kakhulu lomdlavuza wamathonsi umphimbo obuhlungu ongapheli izinsuku noma amasonto. Ngaphezu kwalokho, olunye lwezimpawu eziyinhloko ukuvuvukala kwethonsi elilodwa kuphela bese liba likhulu kunelinye. Ake sibheke lezi zimpawu ngokuningiliziwe.
| Isibonakaliso | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| Umphimbo obuhlungu oqhubekayo | Uma umphimbo wakho ubuhlungu amasonto amaningi, kunokuba ube ngcono ezinsukwini ezimbili noma ezintathu njengomkhuhlane ovamile. |
| Ukwandiswa kwethonsili elilodwa | Uma, lapho ubheka esibukweni, ithonsi elilodwa libonakala likhulu futhi livuvukele kunelinye, |
| Umoya omubi (i-Halitosis) | Uma unephunga elibi lomlomo elingapheli ngisho nangemva kokuxubha amazinyo akho nokuhlanza umlomo wakho. |
| Igazi ematheni | Uma ubona igazi elincane uma ukhwehlela noma ukhafula. |
| Ubunzima bokugwinya nokukhuluma | Uma uzizwa sengathi kukhona okubambeke emphinjeni wakho lapho ugwinya ukudla, noma uma izwi lakho libonakala lishintshile. |
| Ubuhlungu bendlebe | Ikakhulukazi uma indlebe eyodwa ohlangothini olulodwa iqhubeka nobuhlungu (ngoba imizwa emphinjeni ixhumene nendlebe). |
| I-lymphadenopathy yomlomo wesibeletho | Uma uzwa iqhubu elincane ohlangothini lwentamo yakho, ngaphansi kwesilevu sakho, lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi 'iqhubu lonke'. |
Okubalulekile: Ukuba nalezi zimpawu akusho ukuthi unomdlavuza wamathonsi. Kungaba ukutheleleka okulula kwamathonsi. Kodwa uma lezi zimpawu ziqhubeka izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezimbalwa, qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela wakho.
Kungani lolu hlobo lomdlavuza luvela? Yiziphi izinto ezibangela ingozi?
Ososayensi abakaqiniseki ngokuphelele ukuthi kungani amangqamuzana aphilile ephenduka amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Kodwa-ke, manje sebethole izici eziningana ezibalulekile ezibangela lokhu.
1. I-Human Papillomavirus (HPV): Lesi yisici esibaluleke kakhulu esitholakale. I-HPV iyigciwane elidluliselwa ngocansi. Ucwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi ezinye izinhlobo zaleli gciwane, ikakhulukazi i-HPV-16, zinethonya elikhulu ekuthuthukisweni komdlavuza wamathonsi.
2. Ukusetshenziswa kukagwayi: Akuzona nje ugwayi, ugwayi, kanye ne-beedis, kodwa futhi ne-e-cigarettes (vaping) eziyingozi. Amakhemikhali akugwayi angalimaza amaseli emphinjeni futhi abangele umdlavuza.
3.Ukuphuza utshwala ngokweqile: Umuntu ophuza utshwala ngenkathi ebhema usengozini enkulu kakhulu yokuthola lo mdlavuza. Uma lokhu kokubili kuhlanganiswa, ingozi yomdlavuza iyanda kakhulu.
4. Isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela esibuthakathaka: Abantu abane-HIV noma labo abathatha imithi yokucindezela amasosha omzimba ngenxa yokufakelwa isitho somzimba basengozini enkulu yokuthola lolu hlobo lomdlavuza.
Udokotela ukuxilonga kanjani lokhu? (Ukuxilongwa)
Uma uya kudokotela onezimpawu ozishilo ngenhla, into yokuqala azokwenza ukuhlola umphimbo wakho ngokucophelela. Bazohlola noma yiziphi izinguquko emathonyeni akho, izilonda, njll. Bangase benze nokuhlolwa komphimbo ukuze bahlole ukutheleleka.
Uma kukhona ngisho nokusola okuncane kakhulu ngomdlavuza wamathonsi, uzokudlulisela kuchwepheshe wezindlebe, ikhala kanye nomphimbo (Udokotela Wezifo Zamazinyo - I-Otolaryngologist). Lapho, kuzodingeka enze ezinye izivivinyo.
Ukuhlolwa kwebhayoloji
Lena yindlela kuphela yokuqinisekisa ukuthi umdlavuza noma cha. Lokhu kuhilela ukuthatha ingxenye encane kakhulu yezicubu ku-tonsil esolisayo bese uyihlola ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu ukuze ubone ukuthi kukhona yini amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Lokhu kungenziwa ngezindlela eziningana.
- I-Incisional Biopsy: Kwenziwa i-incision encane ukuze kutholakale ingcezu yezicubu.
- Ukufuthwa Kwenaliti Encane (i-FNA): Uma kukhona iqhubu entanyeni, kufakwa inaliti encane bese kususwa isampula encane yamaseli ukuze ihlolwe.
Ukuhlolwa Kwezithombe
Uma ukuhlolwa kwegazi kuqinisekisa ukuthi umdlavuza, isinyathelo esilandelayo ukubona ukuthi ususabalale kangakanani nokuthi ususabalale kwezinye izindawo yini. Ukuhlolwa okufana nalokhu kuyasetshenziswa kulokho.
- Ukuskena kwe-CT (ukuskena kwe-Computed Tomography)
- Izikena ze-MRI (izikena ze-Magnetic Resonance Imaging)
- Ukuskena kwe-PET (ukuskena kwe-Positron Emission Tomography)
Imiphumela yalezi zivivinyo inquma isigaba somdlavuza. Ukwelashwa kuhlelwa ngokusekelwe kuleso sigaba. Kalula nje, isigaba sokuqala sisho ukuthi umdlavuza ukhawulelwe kuma-tonsils. Isigaba sakamuva sisho ukuthi ususakazekele kuma-lymph node noma kwezinye izitho futhi ubizwa ngokuthi i-metastasize.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha?
Kunezindlela eziningana zokwelapha umdlavuza we-tonsil. Ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu kuzoncika ngobukhulu besimila, indawo yaso, ukuthi sisakazeke yini, kanye nempilo yakho iyonke. Izindlela zokwelapha eziyinhloko ukuhlinzwa, ukwelashwa ngemisebe, kanye ne-chemotherapy.
1. Ukuhlinzwa
Uma umdlavuza umncane futhi usesigabeni sokuqala, ungasuswa ngokuphelele ngokuhlinzwa.
- Ukuhlinzwa Kwerobhothi Okuhamba Ngomlomo (TORS):Lena yindlela entsha nethuthuke kakhulu. Kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe berobhothi, isimila somdlavuza sisuswa kahle kakhulu kusukela ngaphakathi emlonyeni kuya ngemuva komphimbo. Njengoba kungekho ukusikwa okukhulu, ukuphulukiswa kuyashesha.
- Ukususwa kwe-Lymphadenectomy (Ukususwa Kwentamo): Uma umdlavuza ususakazekele kuma-lymph node entanyeni, ingxenye yentamo izonqunywa bese kususwa ama-lymph node.
2. Ukwelashwa Ngemisebe
Lokhu kuhilela ukusebenzisa imisebe enamandla aphezulu (njenge-X-ray) ukubhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Lokhu kwelashwa ngezinye izikhathi kunikezwa njengendlela ehlukile yokuhlinzwa, noma ukubulala noma yimaphi amangqamuzana omdlavuza angase asale ngemva kokuhlinzwa.
3. Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali
Lokhu kuhilela ukunikeza umzimba imithi enamandla ebulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Lokhu kuvame ukunikezwa uma umdlavuza ususakazeke kakhulu, noma ukuthuthukisa imiphumela yokwelashwa ngemisebe.
Ithimba lakho lodokotela lizonquma ukuthi yikuphi ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu kuwe, ngakho ungangabazi ukuxoxa nganoma yimiphi imibuzo noma ukukhathazeka ongase ube nakho nabo.
Ingabe ikhona imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa?
Yebo, njenganoma yikuphi ukwelashwa komdlavuza, kungaba nemiphumela emibi, kodwa manje kunezindlela eziningi zokuyiphatha.
- Ngemva kokuhlinzwa: Ukopha, ukutheleleka, ubunzima bokugwinya (i-dysphagia), kanye noshintsho lwezwi lungase lwenzeke.
- Ngemva kokwelashwa ngemisebe kanye namakhemikhali , ukukhathala, isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, ukuqothuka kwezinwele, izilonda emlonyeni, kanye nokulahlekelwa yisifiso sokudla kuvamile.
Iningi lale miphumela emibi liyiyesikhashana. Iyaphela kancane kancane uma ukwelashwa sekuphelile. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukudla kahle nokulandela imiyalelo kadokotela phakathi nalesi sikhathi.
Ingabe ikhona indlela yokuvimbela lo mdlavuza?
Nakuba kungenakuvinjelwa ngokuphelele, kunezinto eziningana ongazenza ukuze unciphise ingozi.
- Gwema ukubhema ngokuphelele: Yeka ukusebenzisa noma yiluphi uhlobo lukagwayi.
- Nciphisa ukusetshenziswa kotshwala: Kungcono ukunciphisa utshwala ngangokunokwenzeka.
- Zivikele ku-HPV: Ukuthola umuthi wokugomela i-HPV kungakuvikela ezinhlotsheni zegciwane, njenge-HPV-16, okuyimbangela eyinhloko yalo mdlavuza. Ucansi oluphephile nalo lubalulekile.
- Nakekela impilo yakho yomlomo: Hlola umlomo wakho njalo kudokotela wamazinyo. Lokhu kuzosiza ekutholeni izinguquko kusenesikhathi.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Uma unezimpawu ezifana nomphimbo obuhlungu ohlala izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezimbalwa, amathonsi avuvukile, noma ubunzima bokugwinya, ungazinaki. Bona udokotela wakho ngokushesha.
- Imbangela eyinhloko yomdlavuza wamathonsi yigciwane le-HPV. Ukubhema nokuphuza utshwala nakho kuyizingozi ezinkulu.
- Uma lo mdlavuza utholakala usesesigabeni sokuqala, izinga lokwelashwa liphezulu kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi kubaluleke kakhulu.
- Izindlela zokwelapha sezithuthukile. Ukuhlinzwa, ukwelashwa ngemisebe, kanye ne-chemotherapy kungaletha imiphumela ephumelelayo.
- Uma kutholakale ukuthi unomdlavuza, ungadikibali. Khuluma ngakho ngokukhululekile nomndeni wakho, abangani, kanye nethimba lezokwelapha. Ukuthola ukwesekwa okufanele kungamandla amakhulu enkambisweni yokuphulukiswa.
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