Wake wazibuza ukuthi umoya esiwuphefumulayo, okungukuthi, umoya-mpilo, ufika kanjani emaphashini ethu? Kukhona 'ithubhu' ekhethekile ebaluleke kakhulu, kodwa engakhulunywa kakhulu ngayo, emzimbeni wethu esiza kulo msebenzi. Ngokuvamile lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi " i-bronchi ". Kwezokwelapha, lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi i-trachea, noma ngesiNgisi, 'i-trachea'. Namuhla, sizokhuluma ngakho konke kalula kakhulu.
Iyini i-trachea?
Kalula nje, i-trachea iyipayipi elide, elinomumo ongu-U elixhumanisa i-larynx yakho, okuyibhokisi lakho lezwi, namaphaphu akho. Liyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu ohlelweni lwethu lokuphefumula.
Cabanga ukuthi uma uphefumula, umoya ungena ngekhala noma ngomlomo, udlule emphinjeni, bese ungena elakeni lakho. Bese umoya uhamba nge-trachea yakho, lapho uhlukana khona ube amagatsha amabili abizwa ngokuthi i-bronchi, abese engena emaphashini akho. I-trachea imise okwesiqu se-Y.
Iyini isihlahla se-tracheobronchial?
Nakuba leli igama elikhulu, lo mqondo ulula kakhulu. I-trachea yakho iyingxenye yesistimu ebizwa ngokuthi "umuthi we-tracheobronchial." Empeleni, lena yindlela yonke lapho umoya uhamba khona uye emaphashini kanye nokushintshana kwegesi (okungukuthi, ukungenisa umoya-mpilo nokukhipha i-carbon dioxide) kwenzeka.
Izingxenye eziyinhloko zalesi sihlahla yilezi:
- I-Trachea: Lena yingxenye ebukeka njengesiqu esiyinhloko somuthi.
- I-Bronchi: Amagatsha amabili amakhulu ahlukana eduze komnyango wamaphaphu.
- Ama-Bronchioles: Lawa amagatsha amancane ahluma kusuka kwamakhulu futhi asakazeke kuwo wonke amaphaphu, njengamagatsha esihlahla ahluma.
Kwenzekani ngempela ngalokhu? Umsebenzi we-trachea
Umsebenzi oyinhloko nobaluleke kakhulu we-trachea ukuthwala umoya ungene futhi uwukhiphe emaphashini. Lo mbhobho uqinile kancane, kodwa uguquguqukayo, futhi unikeza indlela ehlala njalo yokuthi umoya-mpilo ungene emzimbeni ngaphandle kokuvinjelwa.
Nansi indlela i-trachea esebenza ngayo nohlelo lwakho lokuphefumula uma uphefumula:
1. Ukuphefumula:
- Okokuqala, umoya ungena ekhaleni lakho nasemlonyeni wakho bese ungena ku-trachea yakho.
- Bese ihamba phansi ku-trachea bese ingena ku-bronchi yesokudla nesobunxele.
- Ukusuka lapho, idlulela emaphashini ngokusebenzisa ama-bronchioles amancane.
- Ekugcineni, iya emasakeni amancane omoya emaphashini abizwa ngokuthi ama-alveoli. Yilapho umzimba wakho uthatha khona umoya-mpilo ovela emoyeni bese ukhipha i-carbon dioxide engafuneki egazini iye emoyeni.
2. Ukuphefumula:
- Uma ukhipha umoya, inqubo efanayo yenzeka ngokuphambene. Okusho ukuthi, umoya ogcwele i-carbon dioxide ovela emakhaleni ukhuphuka nge-trachea, i-bronchi, kanye ne-bronchioles, bese uphuma ngekhala nasemlonyeni.
Kalula nje, i-trachea ifana nomgwaqo omkhulu oya emaphashini ethu. Iyindlela eyinhloko yokuhamba komoya.
Ikuphi le trachea? Ingakanani?
Umphimbo wakho utholakala engxenyeni engezansi yentamo yakho kanye nengxenye engenhla yesifuba sakho, ngaphansi nje kwe-larynx yakho (ibhokisi lezwi). Utholakala phansi kwentamo yakho, ngemuva komsele omncane lapho amathambo amabili ekhola ehlangana khona. Utholakala nangaphambi kwepayipi lokudla, i-esophagus, lapho sigwinya khona ukudla.
I-trachea evamile yomuntu omdala ingaba ngamasentimitha angu-10 ubude , okucishe kube ububanzi besandla sakho. Futhi ingaba ngamasentimitha angu-2.5 ububanzi , okucishe kube ububanzi besithupha somuntu omdala.
Yenziwe ngani i-trachea? Isakhiwo esimangalisayo
I-trachea akuyona nje ipayipi. Yaklanywa ngokukhethekile. Yakhiwe ngamasongo e-cartilage angaba ngu-16 kuya ku-20 ahlanganiswe ndawonye. I-cartilage iyisicubu esiqinile nesiguquguqukayo esitholakala ezindaweni ezifana nama-earlobes ethu kanye nephuzu lekhala lethu. Lawa masongo e-cartilage agcina i-trachea ivulekile ngaphandle kokuvaleka.
Kukhona futhi indlela emangalisayo ngaphakathi kwe-trachea. Ake sibheke lokho.
| Ingxenye ye-trachea | Umsebenzi ewenzayo |
|---|---|
| Izindandatho ze-cartilage | Lezi zimi njengohlamvu C. Ngenxa yalezi, indlela yokuphefumula ihlala ivulekile, ngaphandle kokuvinjelwa. |
| I-Mucosa | Ulwelwesi olumanzi olumboze ingaphakathi lemigudu yomoya. Amaseli akhethekile kulolu lwelwesi akhiqiza into enamathelayo ebizwa ngokuthi i-mucus. |
| I-mucus | Uma siphefumula, izinto ezifana nothuli, impova, namagciwane asemoyeni zinamathela kule mucus futhi ziyivimbele ukuthi ingangeni emaphashini, njengengcezu yeglue. |
| I-Cilia | Lezi yizakhiwo ezincane ezifana nezinwele ngaphakathi kwe-trachea. Ziya phezulu naphansi ngendlela enesigqi, zisunduza umucu obambe uthuli emuva emphinjeni. Bese siwugwinya singazi noma siwukhafule. |
| Imisipha ye-trachealis | Lona umsipha ophakathi kwezindandatho ze-cartilage. Uma sikhwehlela, lo msipha uyancipha futhi unciphise indlela yokuphefumula. Bese umoya uphuma ngokushesha okukhulu, njengepayipi lamanzi elicindezelwayo bese kuphuma amanzi. Lokhu kuvumela ukuthi amafinyila nezinye izinto ezingafuneki zikhishwe kalula. |
Yiziphi izifo ezithinta indlela yokuphefumula?
Njenganoma yisiphi esinye isitho somzimba, indlela yokuphefumula ingathinteka yizimo ezahlukahlukene zezokwelapha. Ezinye zazo zifaka:
- Umdlavuza we-tracheal: Umdlavuza oqala emangqamuzaneni e-trachea.
- Ukuvaleka komphimbo: Ukuvaleka komphimbo ngenxa yento yangaphandle noma isimila.
- I-tracheal stenosis: Ukuncipha kwe-trachea ngenxa yokutheleleka, ingozi, noma esinye isizathu. Lokhu kubangela ubunzima bokuphefumula.
- I-Tracheitis: Ukuvuvukala nokuvuvukala kwe-trachea, okuvame ukubangelwa ukutheleleka okufana nomkhuhlane. Ukukhwehlela kuyisibonakaliso esikhulu.
- I-Tracheoesophageal fistula: Ukuvulwa noma ukuxhumana okungavamile phakathi kwe-trachea ne-esophagus (ipayipi lokudla). Lokhu kuvame ukuba yisimo sokuzalwa.
- I-Tracheomalacia: Isimo lapho i-cartilage ku-trachea, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa, iba buthakathaka, okubangela ukuthi inciphe lapho iphefumula.
Sigcina kanjani uhlelo lwethu lokuphefumula luphilile?
Kunezinto ezimbalwa ezilula ongazenza ukuze ugcine izindlela zakho zokuphefumula, amaphaphu, kanye nohlelo lwakho lonke lokuphefumula luphilile:
- Gwema ukubhema:Yeka ukubhema nokusebenzisa eminye imikhiqizo kagwayi ngokuphelele. Futhi, gwema ukuphefumula intuthu ebhemayo uma abanye bebhema.
- Gcina isisindo esinempilo: Ukugcina isisindo esinempilo sobude bakho kubaluleke kakhulu ohlelweni lokuphefumula.
- Vivinya umzimba njalo: Ukuzivocavoca kuqinisa amaphaphu akho nenhliziyo.
- Zivikele ebuthi obuvela emoyeni: Nciphisa ukuchayeka kwakho ekungcoleni komoya, intuthu yamakhemikhali, kanye nothuli oluningi ngangokunokwenzeka.
- Gcina ikhaya lakho lihlanzekile: Shintsha izihlungi zomoya zekhaya lakho ngesikhathi. Hlanza futhi usule uthuli ekhaya lakho njalo.
- Gqoka imaski yobuso evikelayo: Uma uvame ukuchayeka ezintweni ezibangela ukungezwani komzimba, uthuli, noma umusi wamakhemikhali emsebenzini noma kwenye indawo, qiniseka ukuthi ugqoka imaski yobuso efanele.
Isikhathi sokuthola usizo lwezokwelapha oluphuthumayo!
Ubunzima bokuphefumula akuyona into okufanele ithathwe kalula . Uma wena noma omunye umuntu enezimpawu ezilandelayo zobunzima bokuphefumula, shayela u-1990 ngokushesha ukuze uthole i-ambulensi noma uye eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela esiseduze.
| Izimpawu zesexwayiso - qaphela ngokushesha! | |
|---|---|
| Ukuhoxa kwesifuba | Isifuba, ikakhulukazi ingxenye engezansi yesifuba nendawo ephakathi kwezimbambo, sizwakala sengathi siyacwila ngokuphefumula ngakunye. |
| Okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka/okumpunga/okukhanyayo emlonyeni | Umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ompunga, noma okhanyayo emlonyeni noma eduze kwezindebe. Lokhu kuyisibonakaliso sokuthi umzimba awutholi umoya-mpilo owanele. |
| Ukubhonga | Umsindo omfushane wokuphefumula lapho ukhipha umoya. |
| Isilinganiso sokuphefumula esikhulayo | Ukwanda okukhulu kwesivinini sokuphefumula ngaphandle kwesizathu esibonakalayo (njengangesikhathi sokuzivocavoca). |
| Ukuqhuma kwekhala | Amakhala avuleka futhi afinyele lapho ephefumula, okwenza kube nzima ukuphefumula. |
| Ukujuluka ngaphandle kwesizathu | Ukujuluka ngokweqile ngaphandle kokwenyuka kwezinga lokushisa komzimba (umkhuhlane). |
| Ukuphefumula | Ukuzwa umsindo ophakeme, oshaya ikhwela esifubeni uma uphefumula ngaphakathi noma ngaphandle. |
Uma unezinye zalezi zimpawu, ungazami ukuzelapha ekhaya. Umzuzwana ngamunye uyigugu. Bona udokotela wakho noma uye esibhedlela ngokushesha.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-trachea yiyona " bronchi " eyinhloko exhumanisa ibhokisi lethu lezwi namaphaphu.
- Lesi isitho esibaluleke kakhulu, esibalulekile kithi ukuze siphefumule.
- I-mucus kanye ne-cilia ngaphakathi kwemigudu yomoya zisebenza njengesimiso sokuzivikela semvelo esivimbela uthuli namagciwane ukuthi angangeni emaphashini.
- Izimpawu ezinjengobunzima bokuphefumula, ukuqina kwesifuba, kanye nokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka emlonyeni yizimo ezibucayi ezidinga ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo.
- Izinto ezilula njengokugwema ukubhema, ukuzivocavoca umzimba, nokuzivikela ekungcoleni komoya kungagcina lonke uhlelo lwakho lokuphefumula luphilile.
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